week 13
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This document discusses revolutions in the Middle East region beginning in 2011. It provides background on reasons for revolution, including state terrorism and security issues faced by citizens. It then summarizes some key revolutions in different countries: Egypt's revolution resulted in Hosni Mubarak's removal from power; Tunisia's uprising was in response to corruption and police injustice; Libya's protests turned into a civil war that toppled Muammar Gaddafi; and Yemen and Syria faced armed uprisings against authoritarian regimes that led to massive killings. The role of social media in spreading awareness of these revolutions is also examined.
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Egypt five w's
The Egyptian Revolution began on January 25th, 2011 as thousands of Egyptian citizens protested against President Hosni Mubarak and his authoritarian regime. After weeks of widespread protests, Mubarak agreed to step down from power on February 11th, 2011 after nearly 30 years in office. However, the revolution did not end there, as Egyptians remained divided over what should replace Mubarak's regime and how to reshape their government and society. The aftermath involved several interim leaders, ongoing conflicts, and uncertainty over whether the goals of democracy and human rights that spurred the revolution could ultimately be achieved.
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The document argues that freedom of the press is a bad idea because it allows journalists to expose confidential information that could endanger lives. It claims journalists have leaked information that has put military members and civilians in danger by informing terrorists. The document suggests journalism should be regulated to balance freedom with security, and that protecting terrorists' feelings may be important to prevent attacks like those in response to cartoons depicting the Prophet Muhammad. Overall, it takes the position that government should control the information available to the public to ensure national security and prevent journalists from aiding terrorists unintentionally or causing emotional trauma.
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The document discusses the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) and its application in the Middle East region. It notes that the absence of Syria and Lebanon from early meetings on the policy caused difficulties. Subsequently, conflicts in the region like those between Israel/Syria and Hezbollah/Hamas have emerged. The Arab Spring uprisings starting in 2010 led to regime changes in countries like Tunisia and Egypt but then descended into bloodshed and civil war in many nations. The European Union has economic interests in Middle Eastern energy resources but must also consider democratic aspirations and ongoing power struggles in the region. Bilateral rather than multilateral relations may be more effective for the ENP in this complex environment.
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This document summarizes a study examining public attitudes towards balancing civil liberties and security measures in response to terrorism across five European countries: Norway, England, Poland, Bulgaria, and Ukraine. It finds that while the threat of terrorism is most visible and direct in England, perceptions of risk more than religion directly influence attitudes about sacrificing civil liberties for security. Focus group discussions in England showed high visibility of past and present terrorism but an externalization of blame onto atypical outsiders, including some born in England.
Jeopardy game
This document appears to be a Jeopardy-style game about history and social studies topics. There are multiple choice questions organized into rows and columns about subjects like terrorism, the French Revolution, nationalism, imperialism, and leaders involved in the unification of Italy and Germany. The questions cover people, events, ideologies, and political systems from the 18th-19th centuries in Europe and their global impacts.
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Comms 351 Lecture 2
There is a universal human need to receive and share information. People are willing to kill and risk death for information, and governments battle to control information flows. Journalists regularly risk their lives to report news, with many killed each year, often ordered by government officials. New technologies are changing how information is shared and controlled. The ability to access and spread information freely can empower people and topple oppressive regimes, but some governments severely restrict information to maintain power and control narratives. The fight over information access and flows is ongoing both globally and within nations.
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Egypt five w's
The Egyptian Revolution began on January 25th, 2011 as thousands of Egyptian citizens protested against President Hosni Mubarak and his authoritarian regime. After weeks of widespread protests, Mubarak agreed to step down from power on February 11th, 2011 after nearly 30 years in office. However, the revolution did not end there, as Egyptians remained divided over what should replace Mubarak's regime and how to reshape their government and society. The aftermath involved several interim leaders, ongoing conflicts, and uncertainty over whether the goals of democracy and human rights that spurred the revolution could ultimately be achieved.
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The document argues that freedom of the press is a bad idea because it allows journalists to expose confidential information that could endanger lives. It claims journalists have leaked information that has put military members and civilians in danger by informing terrorists. The document suggests journalism should be regulated to balance freedom with security, and that protecting terrorists' feelings may be important to prevent attacks like those in response to cartoons depicting the Prophet Muhammad. Overall, it takes the position that government should control the information available to the public to ensure national security and prevent journalists from aiding terrorists unintentionally or causing emotional trauma.
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The document discusses the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) and its application in the Middle East region. It notes that the absence of Syria and Lebanon from early meetings on the policy caused difficulties. Subsequently, conflicts in the region like those between Israel/Syria and Hezbollah/Hamas have emerged. The Arab Spring uprisings starting in 2010 led to regime changes in countries like Tunisia and Egypt but then descended into bloodshed and civil war in many nations. The European Union has economic interests in Middle Eastern energy resources but must also consider democratic aspirations and ongoing power struggles in the region. Bilateral rather than multilateral relations may be more effective for the ENP in this complex environment.
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This document summarizes a study examining public attitudes towards balancing civil liberties and security measures in response to terrorism across five European countries: Norway, England, Poland, Bulgaria, and Ukraine. It finds that while the threat of terrorism is most visible and direct in England, perceptions of risk more than religion directly influence attitudes about sacrificing civil liberties for security. Focus group discussions in England showed high visibility of past and present terrorism but an externalization of blame onto atypical outsiders, including some born in England.
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This document appears to be a Jeopardy-style game about history and social studies topics. There are multiple choice questions organized into rows and columns about subjects like terrorism, the French Revolution, nationalism, imperialism, and leaders involved in the unification of Italy and Germany. The questions cover people, events, ideologies, and political systems from the 18th-19th centuries in Europe and their global impacts.
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Terrorism has existed throughout history in various forms to further political and ideological goals. The document outlines four waves of modern terrorism beginning in the late 19th century with anarchist groups using violence to oppose governments and social orders. Anti-colonial terrorist groups in the 1920s-1960s aimed to force colonial powers to withdraw from territories. New Left terrorists in the post-WWII era embraced Marxist ideals and targeted symbols of capitalism. The current Religious wave began in 1979 with groups seeking to establish Islamic rule, such as al-Qaeda and ISIS carrying out large-scale attacks against the West. While terrorism remains a global security concern, historical terrorist groups largely failed to achieve long-term success.
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There is a universal human need to receive and share information. People are willing to kill and risk death for information, and governments battle to control information flows. Journalists regularly risk their lives to report news, with many killed each year, often ordered by government officials. New technologies are changing how information is shared and controlled. The ability to access and spread information freely can empower people and topple oppressive regimes, but some governments severely restrict information to maintain power and control narratives. The fight over information access and flows is ongoing both globally and within nations.
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Running head Arab Spring1Arab Spring9The Arab Spring A Brief.docx
Running head: Arab Spring 1
Arab Spring 9The Arab Spring: A Brief Study of Social Movements
Student X
University of Maryland University College
SOCY 100
Professor David Huff
The Arab Spring: A Brief Study of Social Movements
On December 17, 2010 a young man in Tunisia stood in front of a local municipal office and set himself on fire, setting in motion a social movement that would lead to a series of uprisings that spread rapidly across Arab nations. Through his act of self-immolation, 27-year-old Mohammed Bouazizi became a martyr for those campaigning for social-economic equality. Since that fateful day in December 2010, the social movement, termed the Arab Spring by various western institutions, has taken hold in numerous Arab nations across northern Africa and the Middle East, often resulting in violent demonstrations and uprisings that have toppled several long standing regimes. The Arab Spring is a complex social movement with many facets, however, a cursory examination of the movement provides one with insight and understanding into the basic dynamics and variables that comprise social movements.
Arab Spring: A Brief Background
The Arab Spring, a term referring to the widespread string of uprisings across the Arab world beginning in 2010, was a social movement that sought to transform the political social, and economic landscape of Arab nations. Although the origins of the Arab Spring is a debated topic, many attribute it to the self-immolation of Mohammed Bouazizi in December 2010, which set off a series of demonstrations and uprisings in numerous northern African Arab nations, and eventually into middle eastern Arab nations.
It all began when Tunisian police harassed Mohammed Bouazzi, a street vender, and confiscated his cart of produce. After being denied an audience with the local governor the same day, Bouazizi set himself ablaze in protest of police corruption and his inability to earn a living because of social-economic inequalities. As news of Bouazizi’s self-immolation spread rapidly through various social media platforms, demonstrations and protests demanding the end of oppressive regimes began to sweep across Arab nations (Eldin & Salih, 2013). Within a year, the world would see revolutions that toppled regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya, as well as violent civil uprisings in Syria and Yemen (Eldin & Salih, 2013). In addition, sustained protests have occurred in Bahrain, Jordan, Morocco, Algeria, Oman, and Iraq (Eldin & Salih, 2013).
In many instances, authorities responded to Arab Spring demonstrations with violence, at times even employing pro-government militia. For instance, in Bahrain two protestors were killed in March 2011 when soldiers and riot police drove out protestors with the use tear gas and armored vehicles (CBS News [Video file], 2011). In Syria where anti-government protests began in January 2011, 136 protesters were killed on July 31, 2011 when Syrian tanks stormed several cities (Wemple, 2011).
To d ...
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The document discusses the economic repercussions and political implications of protest movements based on a study of 12 protest movements from 2003-2011. The key findings were that prolonged social unrest and strikes can compromise economic activity, with implications for politics taking longer to emerge fully. While the accuracy of findings depends on source data, the results help understand the importance and impact of social movements in changing world politics. The case study of Tunisia's 2010-2011 protests that ousted President Ben Ali is provided, highlighting unemployment, inflation, lack of freedoms, and living conditions as drivers. Economic factors like jobs declines also contributed to Arab uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt and Algeria. In Egypt, the economic costs of 580 labor protests in
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Background Note - Tackling Youth Radicalization through Inclusion in Post-Rev...
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The widespread assumption that any political change can only come with the assistance of a super power was contradicted when an up-rise in Tunisia toppled a regime that reigned for over twenty-three years. The world was taken aback by these events in a country that “seemed the best in the class: stable, presentably secular, engaged in a steady process of “Economic reform”. Realities proved to be extremely different from the outward carefully drawn image of the country. Despite Tunisia’s positive reputation amongst a myriad of governments, the country became immersed in a political mayhem that remains unsorted to this day. The latest Africa Report refers to “the political infighting” as the main cause for stagnation in economic reform and the primary reason that the European Union (EU) and International Organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) continue to place Tunisia on black lists for terrorism and money laundering. Moreover, the Tunisian Labor Union (UGTT), Tunisia’s strongest Labor Union, is lobbying for more and more strikes against IMF recommendations to the government, making the prime minister’s job to reconcile between the different actors and stakeholders even harder.Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Model
In the wake of the Middle Eastern crises, the Tunisian case in focus has been doted as a unique
phenomenon being that it was the Genesis of the revolution that ultimately spread across the Middle East like
wild fire, but has eventually heralded a new dawn as democracy has incidentally returned to the Empire. This
literature therefore looks closely at the extent to which the ‘DignityRevolution’ has been instrumental in the
Middle East uprisings, which have brought an end to dynastic autocracies. The literature zeros in on the
Tunisian uprising which has attracted global concerns, sympathy and has sparked interests in the international
arena. The literature finds that the people hold colossal prospect in the uprising and its resultant effect, as it
paved the way for the revolutionist to generate, gather and disseminate information on the condition of the
entire region to the international community. The people in this context were of utmost importance and played a
very crucial role in the creation of awareness, mobilization of protesters and utmost determining the direction of
the uprising and also ensuring a speedy return to democratic rule. The paper submits that the role of the people
in ensuring that the ruins of the uprising is not left littering around and democracy restored is highly
commendable and should be a model for all other Arab countries involved in the revolution.
Us iran anti war movement
This document summarizes the perspectives of an Iranian feminist collective, Raha, on building solidarity with popular uprisings in Iran and the Middle East, while opposing foreign military intervention. It argues that the anti-war movement should stand in solidarity with struggles for self-determination and against state repression in Iran by recognizing the humanity and agency of the Iranian people. It critiques refusing to take a position on internal affairs in Iran as hypocritical and disconnecting the movement from social justice. The document advocates building grassroots cross-border solidarity instead of looking to governments or NGOs to support human rights.
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In Chapter 2, a discussion of how social media influences the politi.pdf
In C++
Assign weightPointer with the address of the lighter weight. If the weights are the same, then
assign weightPointer with nullptr.
Ex: If the input is 77.0 60.5, then the output is:
60.5 is the lighter weight. weightPointer points to weight2.
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
double weight1;
double weight2;
double* weightPointer;
cin >> weight1;
cin >> weight2;
/* Your code goes here */
if (weightPointer == nullptr) {
cout << "The weights are the same." << endl;
}
else {
cout << fixed << setprecision(1) << *weightPointer << " is the lighter weight." << endl;
if (weightPointer == &weight1) {
cout << "weightPointer points to weight1." << endl;
}
if (weightPointer == &weight2) {
cout << "weightPointer points to weight2." << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}.
Arab spring and media group 2
Group B analyzed the role of social media in the Arab Spring uprisings that began in 2010 in Tunisia. They outlined how social media:
1) Put a human face on political oppression stories and inspired dissidents to organize protests through sharing on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.
2) Played a central role in shaping political debates, with social media demographics showing high youth and women participation online.
3) Helped spread democratic ideas and news of events across international borders, accelerating protests and putting pressure on governments.
JPO_Unit 6 Arab Spring.pptx
1. The Arab Spring began in December 2010 in Tunisia as a result of high unemployment, poverty, and political repression under authoritarian regimes.
2. Inspired by protests in Tunisia, protests erupted throughout the Arab world calling for democratic reforms and the end of dictatorial rule.
3. Social media played a key role in facilitating organization and spreading awareness of the protests internationally. Pages like "We are All Khaled Said" helped coordinate the Egyptian uprising.
4. While some countries underwent democratic transitions, others like Syria descended into civil war as regimes cracked down on dissent. Over a decade later, the impacts of the Arab Spring continue to reshape the region.
Networked Journalism and the Arab Spring
Slides used in undergraduate media studies module at University of Sunderland
For the YouTube videos on the following slides skip to the following sections:
#34 - 9:00 -11:30
#38 - 9:50-11:30
ARAB SPRING AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION
This document summarizes the Arab Spring uprisings that began in 2010-2011 across several Middle Eastern and North African countries. It provides context on the political and economic grievances that fueled the protests, such as high unemployment, corruption, and lack of political freedoms. It then examines the uprisings in several countries in more detail, highlighting the role of social media and relative deprivation theory. The uprisings had varying outcomes, successfully ousting authoritarian leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen, while violent conflict is still ongoing in Syria.
Social technology & revolutions
References for photos and charts coming soon. Standing on the shoulder of giants putting this together.
Clash of Civilisations or Clash with Modernity?
clash of civilisations, media study, bias, IS, Islamic State, Samuel Huntington, Arab, revolution, Arab Spring, fighting, insurgency, war, questioning, critical thinking, reporting, truth, Syria, conflict, clash, Huntington, News, Democracy, struggle, Muslim, year 12 English,
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week 13
- 2. Introduction/ reasons of revolution: The revolutions are taking place in hegemonies.There has been an inevitable license leaked out to kill humanity and this kind of liberalization has marked the existence of a new kind of state terrorism which has created major security issues for common man. The picture below shows a revolution in the middle east where Egypt andTunisia overthrew their rulers following mass protests in Libya andYemen.A wave of revolution had swamped in other parts of middle east like Iran, Iraq Algeria and Morocco.
- 3. Theory: 1. After 9/11 US had insisted that one’s politics reflects one’s culture and religion. 2. Second was a claim that civilizations develop in separate containers. 3. There are two kinds of cultures post modern and pre modern. I believe that the US thinks it is their right to intervene where these theories are not adapted. Syrian intervention applied to the second theory where civil war between Muslims created massive killings. This made Iran side with Syria and defying the first theory. This is also called Humanitarian Intervention. (Genius, 2014)
- 4. Revolutions: Egypt:The Arab reign of revolution started with the falling of Egyptian president Husni Mubarak who was an ally of the west. There was mass protesting atTahirr square in Cairo and a lot of blood shed. Tunisia:The uprising started after the injustice was suffered at the hands of the local police and this created wide protests all over the place.The main reason of this uprising was the corruption of President Zine el Abidine. Libya :The protests against al-Qaddafi’s regime in Libya started in 2011 creating a civil war caused by people within. Qaddafi was killed on October 20. (Damascus, 2014)
- 5. Yemen: Hundreds of people died in clashes as the army disintegrated into two camps. Meanwhile,Al QaedaYemen began to seize territory in the country. Syria:As Ben Ali and Mubarak were down, but everyone was holding their breath for Syria.The regime’s brutality provoked an armed response from the opposition and there were massive killings. According to my opinion such oppression and dictatorship lead to an uprising where thousands and thousands lost their lives. We must not forsake the power of rebellion against authority of any kind among the masses. Pictures below show the effects of nuclear and military wars on the masses. (Damascusorg, 2014)
- 6. The truth about Twitter, Facebook and the uprisings in the Arab world The fact that there was so much media coverage related to the protests by the protestants as the writer writes that he sat next to an individual tweeting his contribution in the protest atTahir square we realize that this was through media sites only. It may be so that this is a rip off of the original European revolution. But there has been another critical factor at work that has ensured that social media has maintained a high profile in these revolutions.The fact that social media was a vital player in the revolutionary world and kept us updated we are sure that it has made us more aware and had covered aspects which wouldn't have been covered otherwise. (The Damascus Bureau, 2014)
- 7. References Davies, J. (1962).Toward a theory of revolution. American sociological review, pp.5--19. Kuran,T. (1989). Sparks and prairie fires:A theory of unanticipated political revolution. Public Choice, 61(1), pp.41--74. Mukhtar, O. (2012). Rule theWorld: Revolution,Time to Redefine the Meaning. [online] Syedowais.blogspot.com.Available at: http://syedowais.blogspot.com/2012/03/what-is-revolution-dictionary- says.html [Accessed 23 May. 2014]. Rap Genius, (2014). Mellowhype (Ft. Earl Sweatshirt) – CopKiller. [online] Available at: http://rapgenius.com/Mellowhype-copkiller-lyrics#note-125327 [Accessed 23 May. 2014]. Revolutionchurch.com, (2014). Revolution Church » Does Grace Really Have a Meaning?. [online] Available at: http://www.revolutionchurch.com/does- grace-really-have-a-meaning/ [Accessed 23 May. 2014]. The Damascus Bureau, (2014). An in-depth look at Syria in turmoil. [online] Available at: http://www.damascusbureau.org/?p=1933 [Accessed 23 May. 2014].
Editor's Notes
- Syria: . First major protests began in March 2011 in provincial towns, gradually spreading to all major urban areas.