Approach to child with heart disease
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This document provides guidance for evaluating and diagnosing heart disease in children. It outlines common presenting signs and symptoms of heart disease in children. It also describes the NADAS criteria for diagnosing heart disease based on physical exam findings. The document gives guidance on performing a bedside evaluation, including vital signs, pulse oximetry, chest X-ray, ECG, and physical exam. It provides information on specific congenital heart defects like their typical age of presentation. It also describes how to manage cyanotic spells and long-term care for older patients with heart disease.
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This baby needs prostaglandin infusion urgently.
The chest X-ray shows oligemic lung fields suggesting decreased pulmonary blood flow. The clinical features of cyanosis, tachycardia, weak pulses and metabolic acidosis point towards ductal dependant circulation.
Prostaglandin infusion will help open the ductus arteriosus and improve pulmonary blood flow which is critical for survival in this neonate. Ventilator support, inotropes and antibiotics/antifungals may also be needed. An urgent echocardiogram will help identify the underlying cardiac lesion.
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Module 2: Growth Assessment Part 2: Ends of the Spectrum
Service providers who receive high nutrition risk referrals, particularly Registered Dietitians, need to be knowledgeable about general and clinical pediatric nutrition as well as counselling skills for working with families and children.
This is the second of five self-directed training modules available in PowerPoint presentations that have been developed and evaluated to respond to this need
O d
This document provides guidance on potential topics that may be covered in questions related to pharmacology and drug therapy. These include writing prescriptions for specific diseases, drug classifications, guidelines for emergency treatments, and new or specialized drug therapies. Tips are provided on key resources like the Harriet Lane handbook that contain important drug information. Specific situations involving drug use, safety, and antidotes are also listed as possible question topics.
Neonatal Jaundice,Bhutan
This document discusses strategies to prevent kernicterus, a type of brain damage caused by severe neonatal jaundice. It identifies several key areas for improvement, including better lactation support, follow-up within 48 hours of discharge, and parent education. A systems-approach is recommended to optimize newborn jaundice management through improved identification of at-risk newborns, characterization of jaundice levels, and community surveillance to achieve safety standards and prevent future cases of kernicterus.
Gestational age
This document presents the New Ballard Score, which is used to assess gestational age in newborns through evaluation of neuromuscular and physical maturity signs. The assessment involves examining the infant's posture, muscle tone, skin texture, plantar surface, breast development, ear and eye characteristics, and genital development. Scores are given for each sign based on physical criteria and totaled to determine the infant's estimated gestational age in weeks. The goal is to rate maturity and assign an estimated gestational age based on physical exam findings.
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Module 2: Growth Assessment Part 2: Ends of the Spectrum
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Similar to Approach to child with heart disease
Ill appearing neonates
This document provides guidance on evaluating and managing ill-appearing neonates in the emergency department. Key points include:
1) Treat all ill-appearing neonates for sepsis initially with antibiotics such as ampicillin and gentamicin until infection is ruled out. Perform diagnostic tests including blood cultures and lumbar puncture if stable.
2) Check bedside glucose in all ill-appearing neonates and treat hypoglycemia.
3) Consider various differential diagnoses remembered by the acronym "NEO SECRETS" including infections, inborn errors of metabolism, electrolyte abnormalities, etc.
4) Neonates presenting with bilious emesis require workup to rule out volvulus
approach to sick neonate.pptx
- A neonate presenting as unwell requires prompt assessment and consideration of serious illnesses like sepsis, congenital heart disease, and metabolic disturbances.
- A structured evaluation of vital signs, history, and physical exam can help identify concerning symptoms suggesting an underlying illness and guide appropriate management and investigations.
- Initial management should include empiric antibiotics, fluid resuscitation if needed, and treatment targeted to the suspected condition while consulting pediatric specialists. Ongoing monitoring is needed until the neonate's condition is stabilized.
Central and Peripheral Nerve Lesions - Neel Golwala
This document provides a summary of a presentation on central and peripheral nerve disorders. It includes 6 case studies presented to illustrate different conditions:
1) A 35-year-old woman with transverse myelitis presenting with numbness ascending from her feet to thighs and difficulty emptying her bladder.
2) A 39-year-old man with an epidural abscess presenting with bilateral upper and lower extremity weakness and neck pain.
3) A 60-year-old man with tabes dorsalis, a late manifestation of neurosyphilis, presenting with numbness, difficulty walking, vision changes, and urinary issues.
4) An 18-year-old woman with Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting
Febrile Seizures
This document discusses febrile seizures, which are seizures associated with fever in children ages 1 month to 5 years. It defines febrile seizures and provides classifications. Risk factors for first and recurrent febrile seizures are outlined. The evaluation and treatment of febrile seizures is also summarized, including antipyretic and anticonvulsant medications. The neurologic exam in evaluating seizures is reviewed focusing on mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, coordination, and more.
Syncope
Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness caused by a drop in blood pressure. It is common in children and usually benign, but can sometimes indicate cardiac disease. Key points include:
1) Syncope is differentiated from seizures based on features like tongue biting and incontinence.
2) Causes include neurologic issues like vasovagal syncope, cardiac problems like arrhythmias, and other non-cardiac etiologies.
3) Evaluation involves history, physical exam, ECG, and monitoring like Holter or event monitors to check for arrhythmias, with more invasive testing if initial workup is abnormal.
Failure to thrive in neonates and infants + pediatric case.pptx
Hello, I’m Dr. Mariam Abayomi, an Intern doctor in Jamaica, passionate about promoting health and wellbeing. I invite you to explore my latest presentation on Failure to Thrive (FTT), a condition that can significantly impact a child’s growth and development.
In this presentation, you'll learn about:
- Understanding FTT: What is Failure to Thrive? We’ll break down the medical definition, common causes, and symptoms to watch for.
- Case Study Insight: Meet [Child’s Name], a [age]-month-old who struggled with FTT. Through their story, we’ll explore the real-life application of diagnosing and managing this condition.
- Diagnostic Approaches: From growth charts to lab tests, discover the essential tools and methods used to identify FTT.
- Management and Treatment: Learn about the multidisciplinary strategies employed to help children with FTT thrive, including nutritional support, medical treatments, and family education.
- Key Takeaways: Highlighting the importance of early detection, comprehensive care, and ongoing monitoring to ensure the best outcomes for children.
By following me on social media @HealthInspire, you’ll get updates, tips, and insights into health and wellbeing. Whether you’re a healthcare professional, a student, or a parent, my goal is to provide you with reliable information, support, and a bit of humor to navigate the world of health and wellness.
Join me in making a difference – one informed decision at a time. Let's inspire better health together!
Chf
This document summarizes heart failure in neonates and infants. It discusses the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure in this population. Causes of heart failure include congenital heart defects that cause excessive preload or afterload on the heart as well as cardiomyopathies. The timing of onset of heart failure symptoms provides clues to the likely etiology. Common presenting signs in infants include feeding difficulties, tachypnea, tachycardia, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, and poor weight gain. Treatment involves supporting cardiac function and addressing the underlying cause.
Birth Asphyxia.pptx
Birth asphyxia is the failure to initiate or sustain breathing at birth. It can range from mild to severe based on factors like APGAR scores and breathing effort. Causes include problems with the placenta, umbilical cord, difficult delivery, or prematurity. Clinical features include low heart rate, limp muscles, seizures and abnormal blood tests. Treatment focuses on stabilizing vital functions, controlling seizures, and providing supportive care like fluids, glucose and temperature management. Complications can affect the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys and liver. Long term risks include developmental delays and physical disabilities.
Syncope
This document provides an overview of pediatric syncope for emergency medicine physicians. It defines syncope, discusses common causes such as vasovagal episodes, and important mimics like seizures. The evaluation involves obtaining a detailed history, including any warning signs or family history of sudden cardiac death. The physical exam focuses on orthostatics, vitals, and cardiac and neurological assessments. Testing may include an ECG, glucose, pregnancy test, and drug screen. The ECG can reveal cardiac causes like long QT syndrome, Brugada pattern, or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome which require cardiology follow up. With a normal exam and ECG, extensive workup is usually not needed for patients presenting with syncope
HIE.pptx
This document contains the medical history of a 3-day old male neonate admitted with birth asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia. It describes the mother's antenatal, natal and postnatal history. On examination, the neonate was found to have birth asphyxia with signs suggestive of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) stage 1 and physiological jaundice. The document discusses perinatal asphyxia, neonatal hypoxia, fetal monitoring techniques and recent advances in management of HIE including therapeutic hypothermia.
Jaundice 2019, salem cme - - Dr Karthik Nagesh
This document discusses bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus) and the bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction (BIND) spectrum. It covers the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, evaluation, management with phototherapy, and guidelines for phototherapy in term and preterm infants. Key points include the need to prevent excessive bilirubin levels to avoid encephalopathy, the use of total serum bilirubin or transcutaneous bilirubin measurements to guide treatment, and following AAP guidelines for phototherapy thresholds based on gestational age and risk factors.
HIE Birth asphyxia in Neonates
Clinically, more term babies suffered from hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) than premature babies. However, pathologically, more premature babies suffered from HIE than term babies. HIE manifests clinically as symptoms of consciousness changes that can be excitatory like seizures or depressing like coma. Treatment of HIE focuses on monitoring, controlling seizures, maintaining circulation and glucose levels, with therapies like hypothermia and investigates like amplitude integrated EEG shown to improve outcomes. The prognosis depends on the severity of brain damage and treatment, with mild cases often having a full recovery but severe cases having a high risk of mortality or neurological sequele like cerebral palsy.
Pediatric Patient Care Worksheet
This patient is a 1 month, 5 day old male admitted to the PICU on April 1st with a diagnosis of septic shock and respiratory failure likely due to late onset Group B Streptococcus and possible meningitis. He presented with a temperature of 103.1°F, tachycardia, and poor perfusion. He is being treated with multiple IV medications and monitored closely. On exam, he displayed signs of mild pain but was otherwise stable with normal vital signs, skin color, muscle tone and reflexes appropriate for his age. Lab results showed mild anemia and low white blood cell count consistent with possible bone marrow suppression from infection.
Day 2 senior healthcare consultant conference
The second day of a 2-day class on Geriatric issues for all 4 Piedmont Hospitals funded by a HRSA Comprehensive Geriatric Education Grant.
Neonatal Emergency and Common Problems in Emergency Department
A 5-day-old boy presented with poor feeding and lethargy. On examination, he was difficult to arouse and slightly jaundiced with mottled skin. His vital signs showed hypothermia, tachycardia, and prolonged capillary refill time. Intravenous access was obtained and fluids, antibiotics, and tests were initiated to evaluate for possible sepsis given his concerning symptoms. Further history revealed worsening feeding over the past day.
Pit falls in paed practice
This document provides guidance on common pitfalls in pediatric practice. It discusses accurate assessment of newborns, including gestational age and causes of jaundice. Common issues are outlined for post-neonatal periods up to age 3, including causes of vomiting, cardiac murmurs, growth monitoring, and dehydration assessment. Guidance is provided on intussusception, pulmonary conditions, urinary tract infections, and neurological signs. Specific conditions like Kawasaki disease are also summarized. The document emphasizes considering diverse potential causes and having a high index of suspicion to correctly diagnose common pediatric problems.
Cardiomyopathy And The Newborn
This document summarizes information about cardiomyopathy in newborns and fetuses. It discusses definitions, classifications, etiologies, clinical features, diagnostic evaluations, and management strategies for various types of neonatal cardiomyopathy. It also reviews a journal article studying fetal cardiomyopathy detected on prenatal echocardiograms, finding reduced systolic function, valve issues, and chamber enlargement in some cases. Outcomes were generally poor, though early diagnosis may allow for improved postnatal management.
Cardiomyopathy And The Newborn
This document summarizes information about cardiomyopathy in newborns and fetuses. It discusses definitions, classifications, etiologies, clinical features, diagnostic evaluations, and management strategies for various types of neonatal cardiomyopathy. It also reviews a journal article studying fetal cardiomyopathy detected on prenatal echocardiograms, finding reduced systolic function, valve issues, and chamber enlargement in some cases. Outcomes were generally poor, though early diagnosis may allow for interventions to improve prognosis.
Case presentation Steven-johnson syndrome.pptx
A 12-year-old female presented with rashes all over her body, vomiting, and facial swelling for one day with a fever since the night before. Her father reported that she had developed itching, rash starting on her lips then spreading to her face and body along with vomiting, eye redness, tearing and discharge. She had been taking carbamazepine for one week. A differential diagnosis of Steven-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, or toxic shock syndrome was made. Management involved stopping the offending drugs, supportive care, and treatment to prevent secondary infections.
Neonatal emergencies
This document provides an overview of common neonatal emergencies seen in pediatric practice. It covers emergencies involving the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, central nervous, hematologic, and endocrine systems. It also discusses inborn errors of metabolism and provides the mnemonic "THE MISFITS" to help clinicians systematically evaluate neonatal emergencies.
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Central and Peripheral Nerve Lesions - Neel Golwala
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Approach to child with heart disease
- 1. Approach to child with heart disease Dr Kiran VS Consultant, Pediatric Cardiology Narayana Hrudayalaya
- 5. 3 months old- severe failure to thrive
- 6. Look for cyanosis and clubbing
- 7. Look at the respiratory pattern and for evidence of recession
- 9. Apex RV LV Diffuse Localized Down&out Up & in Med retrac Lat retrac
- 10. Feel the precordium for hyperactivity and for thrills
- 11. Do what is necessary to calm the baby down!
- 12. Listen carefully
- 13. Listen at the back for radiation of murmurs
- 15. Hyperoxia test
- 16. Echo
- 17. ASD
- 18. VSD
- 19. PDA
- 20. CoA
- 21. TOF
- 25. Hearty Thanks!!