The document summarizes the analysis of TerraSAR-X stripmap data over Edmonton, Canada to monitor geological hazards using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and Tomographic techniques. Low and full resolution deformation results were obtained, with the full resolution able to separate scattering from buildings by resolving layover effects. Limitations due to the number of images and large incidence angle were noted. Future work involving more data stacks could help further investigate tomographic techniques for layover separation.

1. Applying PSI and Tomographic techniques using Radarsat-2 Spotlight data: a case study for Edmonton area Valentin Poncos (1) , John Dehls (2) , Gianfranco Fornaro (3) , Diego Reale (3) (1) University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2) Alberta Geological Survey, Edmonton, Canada (3) Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA) – National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy Applying Tomographic techniques using TerraSAR-X stripmap data: a case study for Edmonton area

3. Geological hazards in Alberta

4. Geological setting

6. Landslides in Edmonton

7. Coal mining in Edmonton

9. TERRASAR-X STRIPMAP FRAME

11. DATA ANALYSIS BLOCK DIAGRAM ZERO BASELINE STEERING DEM INTERFEROGRAM STACKING ANALYSIS APD AND DEFORMATION ESTIMATION ATMOSPHERIC AND DEFORMATION REMOVAL TOMOGRAPHIC FULL RESOLUTION ANALYSIS Registered SLC Stack LOW RESOLUTION DEFORMATION PRODUCT SINGLE SCATTERERS PRODUCT DOUBLE SCATTERERS PRODUCt

12. Tomographic imaging: 3D By synthesizing an antenna also in the slant height direction orthogonal to the line of sight we are able to analyze the vertical structure of the scattering thus extending SAR imaging form 2D (azimuth-slant range) to 3D (azimuth-slant range-slant height) los Slant height Scattering profile

13. 4D SAR Imaging (Differential SAR Tomography) N acquisitions with spatial baseline distribution and temporal distribution F. Lombardini, “Differential Tomography: a New Framework for SAR Interferometry “, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43, pp. 37-44, 2005. G. Fornaro, D. Reale, F. Serafino, "Four-Dimensional SAR Imaging for Height Estimation and Monitoring of Single and Double Scatterers", IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., Jan. 2009, vol. 47 (1), 224-237 ground range range elevation Satellite passes

14. LOW RESOLUTION DEFORMATION RESULTS

15. LOW RESOLUTION DEFORMATION RESULTS

16. LOW RESOLUTION DEFORMATION RESULTS

17. FULL RESOLUTION (TOMOGRAPHIC) RESULTS (Dominant scatterers)

18. TOMOGRAPHIC RESULTS (Dominant Scatterer)

19. THE LAYOVER EFFECT OVER BUILDINGS ROOF FACADE GROUND FACADE GROUND

20. Multiple Targets Analysis in Layover Area azimuth range

21. Estimated Residual Topography Single Scatterers Lower Double Scatterers Higher Double Scatterers Multiple Targets Analysis in Layover Area Detected Single Scatterers -100 +100 m azimuth range

22. Single and double scatterers analysis in layover Area Tomographic SAR imaging is able to resolve the interference due to multiple contribution inside the same azimuth/range pixel This interference typically occurs in urban areas where, because of the layover effect, the buildings are folded down to the ground. azimuth range

23. Analysis in Layover Area Detected Single Scatterers Estimated Residual Topography azimuth range -100 +100 m

25. Results of the Wednesday presentation with spotlight TSX data -100m 100m Amplitude image RECONSTRUCTED TOPOGRAPHY Single scatterers Double scatterers: bottom Double scatterers: upper

26. Results of the Wednesday presentation on TSX spotlight data

27. Comparison between the Edmonton and Las Vegas datasets Edmonton Number of images: 17 Imaging Mode: Stripmap Azimuth resolution:  3.3m Slant Range resolution:  1.8m Incidence Angle:  44 ° Las Vegas Number of images: 25 Imaging Mode: HRes Spotlight Azimuth resolution:  1.1m Slant Range resolution:  0.6m Incidence Angle:  36 ° slant range slant range

28. Estimated Residual Topography Single Scatterers Single + Lower Double Scatterers Single + Higher Double Scatterers Multiple Targets Analysis in Layover Area -100 +100 m

29. Multiple Targets Analysis in Layover Area Detected Double Scatterers Estimated Residual Topography - 100 +100 m Single Scatterers Single + Lower Double Scatterers Single + Higher Double Scatterers