Lichens have several applications and provide economic importance. They can be used as food by humans and animals. Lichenometry is a technique used to determine the age of rock surfaces. Lichens also aid in biodegradation by breaking down polyester resins. Many lichens produce pigments and compounds that are useful as dyes. Lichens are also economically important as they help form soil, are used as food, in medicines to treat diseases, for coloring fabrics and paints, and in industries like tanning and brewing.
The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
This is an illustrated account for Unit 1 of Coure Course III Mycology and Phytopathology of Bsc Hons Program - Introduction to True fungi including characters, affinities, thallus, cell wall, nutrition and classification
About 20,000 species.
Eukaryotic cell and contain all the membrane bound organelles.
Thallus is green due to the presence of green pigment chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is contained in chloroplast.
Pyrenoids embedded in chloroplast.
Cytoplasm contains vacuoles.
Motile cell of primitive forms contains eye spot or stigma.
Reserve carbohydrates are in the form of starch.
Cell wall invariably contains cellulose.
Produce motile reproductive bodies generally with two or four flagella.
Most are aquatic but some are subarial.
Several species of ulvales and siphonales are marine.
Some strains of chlorella are thermophilic.
Species of chlamydomonas and some chlorococcales occur in snow.
Coloechaete nitellarum is endophytic.
Cephaleuros is parasitic – cause ‘red rust of tea’.
Live epizoically on or endozoically within the bodies of lower animals – chlorella is found in hydra; chlorella beneath the scales of fish; characium on the antennae of mosquito.
Green algae in assosciation with the fungi constitute lichens.
Embyrology in relation to Taxonomy. It is one of the concepts in Modern Taxonomy.in which embryological data is used to strengthen existing classification system.
Heterothallic species have sexes that reside in different individuals. . The term is applied particularly to distinguish heterothallic fungi, which require two compatible partners to produce sexual spores, from homothallic ones, which are capable of sexual reproduction from a single organism.
economic importance of gymnosperms.Gymnosperms are simple and primitive seed-bearing plants without flowers.
The plant body is sporophytic and is differentiated into root,stem and leaves.
All gymnosperms are usually wind-pollinated.
Leaves have thick cuticle and sunken stomata.
Gymnosperms are heterosporous.magasporangia and microsporangia occur on mega and microsporophylls respectively.
This is an illustrated account for Unit 1 of Coure Course III Mycology and Phytopathology of Bsc Hons Program - Introduction to True fungi including characters, affinities, thallus, cell wall, nutrition and classification
About 20,000 species.
Eukaryotic cell and contain all the membrane bound organelles.
Thallus is green due to the presence of green pigment chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is contained in chloroplast.
Pyrenoids embedded in chloroplast.
Cytoplasm contains vacuoles.
Motile cell of primitive forms contains eye spot or stigma.
Reserve carbohydrates are in the form of starch.
Cell wall invariably contains cellulose.
Produce motile reproductive bodies generally with two or four flagella.
Most are aquatic but some are subarial.
Several species of ulvales and siphonales are marine.
Some strains of chlorella are thermophilic.
Species of chlamydomonas and some chlorococcales occur in snow.
Coloechaete nitellarum is endophytic.
Cephaleuros is parasitic – cause ‘red rust of tea’.
Live epizoically on or endozoically within the bodies of lower animals – chlorella is found in hydra; chlorella beneath the scales of fish; characium on the antennae of mosquito.
Green algae in assosciation with the fungi constitute lichens.
Embyrology in relation to Taxonomy. It is one of the concepts in Modern Taxonomy.in which embryological data is used to strengthen existing classification system.
Heterothallic species have sexes that reside in different individuals. . The term is applied particularly to distinguish heterothallic fungi, which require two compatible partners to produce sexual spores, from homothallic ones, which are capable of sexual reproduction from a single organism.
economic importance of gymnosperms.Gymnosperms are simple and primitive seed-bearing plants without flowers.
The plant body is sporophytic and is differentiated into root,stem and leaves.
All gymnosperms are usually wind-pollinated.
Leaves have thick cuticle and sunken stomata.
Gymnosperms are heterosporous.magasporangia and microsporangia occur on mega and microsporophylls respectively.
Minerals, classification, biotic resources;
plant resources; role of plants, dry mass production, conservation.
Animal resources, Role of animals, conservation. Microorganisms: major group of microorganisms, role of microorganisms. Conservation.
By Saleha Sadiq
SCP Nutraceutical Industry A small Overview
Single Cell Protein
Companies In the Domain
Indian Nutraceuticals
Food Supplements
Spirulina Benefits
Chlorella Benefits
Chlorella Companies
Spirulina Companies
Spirulina Tablets
Chlorella Tablets
Spirulina Capsules
Chlorella Capsules
Powder forms
Production Of SINGLE CELL PROTEINS
In this ppt the students will be able to know about different inclusions of plant cells and correlate their constituents. There are different types of metabolites produce in the plant which are not useful for them but are having great medicinal property for human being.
Portion covered:
1. Cell Inclusions
2. Reserve food of plants
3. Inorganic Materials
4. Secretory Products
5. Excretory Products.
Natural dyes are colorants derived from plant, animal, or mineral sources that are used to colour textiles, paper, cosmetics, and food. They have been used for thousands of years in various cultures around the world, and have recently gained popularity due to their sustainability and environmental benefits
Exploring the Nature and Sources of Drugs: A Comprehensive Overviewpandeygsu
This presentation delves into the fascinating world of pharmaceuticals, exploring the diverse nature of drugs and their sources. From natural compounds to synthetic creations, we'll uncover the origins of these crucial medications and their impact on healthcare.
Similar to Applications and economic importance of lichens (20)
The Milk Microbiology ppt is useful to the under graduate students. This ppt may help to summarize the studied content related to the mentioned points in the given collection of slides.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Applications:
1) Food:
Lichens are eaten by many different cultures across the world.
Although some lichens are only eaten in times of famine, others are
a staple food or even a delicacy.
2) Lichenometry:
Lichenometry is a technique used to determine the age of exposed
rock surfaces based on the size of lichen thalli.
3) Biodegradation:
Lichens have been shown to degrade polyester resins.
3. 4) Dye:
Many lichens produce secondary compounds, including pigments that
reduce harmful amounts of sunlight and powerful toxins that reduce
herbivory or kill bacteria. These compounds are very useful for
lichen identification, and have had economic importance as dyes
such as cudbear or primitive antibiotics.
The lichens are useful to the nature as well as to the human life.
4. Economic importance of lichens:
1. They are regarded as the pioneers who have inhabited the rocky habitat. The
organic acids produced by them disintegrate rocks. The first lichen species is
the Lichen condelarins.
2. They are regarded as the soil formers since it breaks down the hard rocks into
soil. Mosses are the successors of the crustaceous rocks.
3. It is used as food by the higher animals. The Cladonia rangiferina is used as the
rein deer moss. It contains Lichenin which is a carbohydrate which is similar to
the starch.
4. It is also used by the small insects like mites, caterpillar, snails etc as source of
food. Some of the species of lichens are Aspicilia calcarea and Lecanora
saxicola.
5. 5. Some of the lichens are also used as the food by the human beings. Example is
the Cetraria islandica also known as the Iceland moss.
6. It is also used in the treatment of many diseases like diarrhea, jaundice, fevers,
epilepsy, hydrophobia etc. it is also used in the preparation of culture
media. Parmelia saxatilis is used to cure epilepsy. The Usnea and Evernia
furfuracea is used as astringents. Cladonia pyxidata is used to cure whooping
cough.
7. It is used for colouring the fabrics and paints. Lichens are source of litmus
which are used in the laboratory it is produced from the lichen Roccella tentoria.
8. It is used for the production of perfumes since it can retain the power of retaining
the odor it is used.
9. It is also useful in the tanning, brewing and distilling.
Ref: www.google.com
