The document discusses various painting application techniques including brush application, roller application, and wet-on-wet application. It describes the different types of brushes based on bristle material like natural bristles from hog, sable, and synthetic bristles like nylon. It also discusses the different types of rollers for surfaces and their selection based on pile depth. The key points covered are proper brush and roller selection, wet age time between coats for uniform coating, and advantages of techniques like wet-on-wet application for faster drying.
This document provides information about paints and varnishes. It discusses the components of paints like pigments, binders, solvents, and additives. It describes the manufacturing process of paints and different types of paints like water based, oil based, interior, and exterior paints. It also discusses characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of paints. The document also provides details about types of varnishes, the varnishing process, and characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of varnishes.
1. Paints and distempers are used for interior and exterior works of buildings. Paints provide a decorative and durable finish while distempers are water-based paints made from chalk, glue, and resin or acrylic binder.
2. Common paint defects include cratering, dust/nibs, orange peel, sagging, and poor opacity. Their causes relate to application issues, materials, and environmental conditions. Defects can be remedied through sanding, re-application of paint, or adjustments to the application process.
3. Enamel paint produces a hard, glossy finish and is made by adding varnish to oil-based paint. It is suitable for wood
This document discusses paints and their constituents, types, manufacturing, and application. It provides details on:
- The main components of paints including bases, vehicles, driers, pigments, solvents, and fillers.
- The objectives and ideal properties of paints.
- Different types of paints classified by their constituents such as oil paints, enamel paints, emulsion paints, and distempers.
- Common painting techniques including brushing and spraying.
- The manufacturing process involving mixing, dispersing pigments, thinning, and canning.
- Potential defects like blistering and peeling.
The document discusses paints and surface finishes. It defines paint as a mixture of binder, pigment, solvents and additives that forms a solid film after drying. Paint provides protection, aesthetics and other surface properties. The document then discusses the composition of paints including the base, fillers, binders, solvents and additives. It also discusses the different types of paints based on application area, surface, solvent, finish and function. Common paint types for building like oil, enamel, emulsion and cement paints are explained. Factors to consider when choosing a paint finish like traffic, sheen, and surface imperfections are summarized. Common paint defects like efflorescence, bleeding, blistering
Water-based cement primer specially formulated to provide an excellent foundation for painting. Here present the all information about the water-based premier.
This document discusses coatings and their application processes. It begins by introducing coatings and their purposes of decorating and protecting surfaces. It then discusses substrate preparation which involves cleaning surfaces and making them smooth. The main application methods discussed are brushing, rolling, dipping, and various spraying techniques like pneumatic spraying and airless spraying. Priming and applying multiple finish coats is usually necessary. Proper substrate preparation and application techniques help the coating adhere and perform as intended.
This document provides instructions for beginners on how to use stencils to paint walls. It outlines the necessary supplies which include stencils, paint, rollers, brushes and tape. It then details the step-by-step process of applying the stencil which involves taping it to the wall, lightly applying paint with a roller or brush, checking the design, and repeating for additional patterns. Proper technique of using minimal paint is emphasized to avoid bleeding.
The power point presentation is all about plaster of paris (pop) and its information, its basic introduction, manufacture, types, advantages, disadvantages, tools, application, finishing, defects, market forms and its market rate.
This document provides information about paints and varnishes. It discusses the components of paints like pigments, binders, solvents, and additives. It describes the manufacturing process of paints and different types of paints like water based, oil based, interior, and exterior paints. It also discusses characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of paints. The document also provides details about types of varnishes, the varnishing process, and characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of varnishes.
1. Paints and distempers are used for interior and exterior works of buildings. Paints provide a decorative and durable finish while distempers are water-based paints made from chalk, glue, and resin or acrylic binder.
2. Common paint defects include cratering, dust/nibs, orange peel, sagging, and poor opacity. Their causes relate to application issues, materials, and environmental conditions. Defects can be remedied through sanding, re-application of paint, or adjustments to the application process.
3. Enamel paint produces a hard, glossy finish and is made by adding varnish to oil-based paint. It is suitable for wood
This document discusses paints and their constituents, types, manufacturing, and application. It provides details on:
- The main components of paints including bases, vehicles, driers, pigments, solvents, and fillers.
- The objectives and ideal properties of paints.
- Different types of paints classified by their constituents such as oil paints, enamel paints, emulsion paints, and distempers.
- Common painting techniques including brushing and spraying.
- The manufacturing process involving mixing, dispersing pigments, thinning, and canning.
- Potential defects like blistering and peeling.
The document discusses paints and surface finishes. It defines paint as a mixture of binder, pigment, solvents and additives that forms a solid film after drying. Paint provides protection, aesthetics and other surface properties. The document then discusses the composition of paints including the base, fillers, binders, solvents and additives. It also discusses the different types of paints based on application area, surface, solvent, finish and function. Common paint types for building like oil, enamel, emulsion and cement paints are explained. Factors to consider when choosing a paint finish like traffic, sheen, and surface imperfections are summarized. Common paint defects like efflorescence, bleeding, blistering
Water-based cement primer specially formulated to provide an excellent foundation for painting. Here present the all information about the water-based premier.
This document discusses coatings and their application processes. It begins by introducing coatings and their purposes of decorating and protecting surfaces. It then discusses substrate preparation which involves cleaning surfaces and making them smooth. The main application methods discussed are brushing, rolling, dipping, and various spraying techniques like pneumatic spraying and airless spraying. Priming and applying multiple finish coats is usually necessary. Proper substrate preparation and application techniques help the coating adhere and perform as intended.
This document provides instructions for beginners on how to use stencils to paint walls. It outlines the necessary supplies which include stencils, paint, rollers, brushes and tape. It then details the step-by-step process of applying the stencil which involves taping it to the wall, lightly applying paint with a roller or brush, checking the design, and repeating for additional patterns. Proper technique of using minimal paint is emphasized to avoid bleeding.
The power point presentation is all about plaster of paris (pop) and its information, its basic introduction, manufacture, types, advantages, disadvantages, tools, application, finishing, defects, market forms and its market rate.
This document provides information about paints and varnishes. It defines paint as a liquid solution of pigment and solvent applied to surfaces for decorative or protective purposes. The document outlines the objectives, qualities, and components of good paint, including the vehicle, base, pigments, solvents, and extenders. It describes different types of paints such as oil paint, enamel paint, cement paint, and emulsion paint. The document also discusses the process of painting, common painting defects, varnishes, and the process of varnishing.
Chapter_16_paint process and fundamentalzainnaqvi39
This document provides an overview of painting fundamentals and refinishing procedures. It discusses preparation, types of refinishing jobs from spot repairs to overall refinishing, application techniques for basecoat and clearcoat, and general rules for painting vehicles. Key points covered include proper spray gun use, applying multiple spray coats, blending techniques, and cleaning spray equipment after use.
The document discusses various types and styles of printing fabrics. It describes three main approaches to printing color on fabric: direct printing, discharge printing, and resist printing. It then provides details on different printing techniques like block printing, roller printing, screen printing, and others; explaining their process, advantages, and disadvantages. The document also covers various pattern styles used in printing like stripes, checks, dots, geometrical prints, and others.
Paint is a coating of fluid materials that is applied to surfaces to protect and decorate them. An ideal paint should dry quickly, maintain its color over time, form a hard durable surface, and not negatively impact health or show cracks. There are many types of paints including aluminum paint, which is resistant to heat and moisture; anticorrosive paint, which protects surfaces for long durations; and enamel paint, which forms a hard surface resistant to chemicals and weathering. Defects in painted surfaces can include blistering, fading, flaking, and running caused by issues like trapped vapors, sunlight, poor adhesion, or an overly smooth surface.
The document provides information about plastering work including required skills, knowledge, tools, materials and methods. It discusses unit codes, outcomes and job roles for plastering qualifications. It also outlines personal protective equipment, tools, materials and methods for plastering including applying different coats, using screeds, and installing beads. The key steps of plastering work like preparing backgrounds, checking suction, and applying scratch, laying and finishing coats are explained.
paint and its types (for architectural study)SIDDHI DOSI
This document provides an overview of paint, including its definition, composition, properties, techniques, types, and manufacturing process. Paint consists of pigments suspended in a liquid called a vehicle. Key properties include ease of application, opacity, durability, and flexibility. Common painting techniques include using brushes, rollers, and spray equipment. Main types are oil-based, water-based, enamel, and anti-corrosive paints. The manufacturing process involves mixing pigments, binders, solvents, and additives. Varnishes are clear or translucent coatings used to protect or enhance surfaces and are either natural resin or synthetic resin based.
This document provides information on different tools used for paint application, including brushes, rollers, and spray equipment. It defines each tool and describes their uses. Brushes come in various sizes for different painting tasks. Rollers also come in different types for walls, trim work, and replicating textures. Spray application can be done through conventional spray guns, airless sprayers, or painting robots which provide precision and uniform coating. The document discusses the advantages and industries that commonly use painting robots.
PBJ Painting | Paint decorating In every Housepbjpainting
PBJ Painting is an external house painting business that knows what it takes to provide a high-quality finish that will keep your house searching great for decades to come.
Varnishing is done to protect and beautify wooden surfaces. An ideal varnish forms a hard, durable protective film while maintaining an attractive gloss. Varnishes contain resins like copal or shellac, driers to accelerate drying, and solvents like linseed oil, turpentine or spirits of wine. Main types are oil, spirit, turpentine and water varnishes, which vary in drying time and durability. The varnishing process involves preparing the wood surface, treating knots, applying multiple thin coats until finished.
This document provides information on different types of paints and their composition. It discusses 7 main categories of paint: oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, cellulose paints, varnishes, water paints (distemper), and special paints. It describes the composition and uses of different types of paints like oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, etc. The document also discusses common painting techniques like brush painting and spray painting and defines common painting defects like bleeding, blistering, blooming, and methods to remedy them.
This document provides information on different types of paints and their composition. It discusses 7 main categories of paint: oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, cellulose paints, varnishes, water paints (distemper), and special paints. It describes the composition and uses of different types of paints like oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, etc. The document also discusses painting techniques like brush painting and spray painting and common painting defects like bleeding, blistering, blooming, and methods to remedy them.
This document provides information on different types of paints and their composition. It discusses 7 main categories of paint: oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, cellulose paints, varnishes, water paints (distemper), and special paints. It describes the composition and uses of different types of paints like oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, etc. The document also covers painting techniques like brush painting and spray painting, and common painting defects like bleeding, blistering, blooming, and methods to prevent or remedy them.
This document provides tips for finishing drywall, including taping and applying joint compound. It recommends making sure the drywall is hung tightly, mixing joint compound to the right consistency, using paper tape for corners and mesh tape for seams. The finishing process involves applying two coats of joint compound over the tape, sanding between coats, and using a primer sealer before painting to ensure a smooth finish. Proper tools like taping knives and good technique are also emphasized.
This document provides information on preparing surfaces, lining paper, wallboards, previously painted surfaces, filling cracks and holes, mould growth, new plaster, stripping wallpaper, tools and equipment, pastes and adhesives, paste consistency, how wallpaper is manufactured including screen printing, hand block printing, machine printing and embossing, types of wallpaper including grounds, machine prints, hand prints, embossed papers, wet embossed paper, washable papers, coated washable papers, wood grain, metallic folis and expanded polystyrene.
This document provides instructions and explanations for various painting and decorating techniques:
- It describes how to properly load a brush by coating the bristles and tapping off excess paint, being careful not to get paint on the handle.
- Different techniques are covered like cutting in, laying off brush strokes, applying paint with rollers, cleaning brushes, and special effects like rag rolling, sponging, stippling and stenciling.
- Specific instructions are given for techniques like graining, marbling, textured painting, gilding, and how to prevent defects when gilding.
Aerografia is a process of painting unique artwork directly onto vehicles using airbrushing techniques. It can be used for artistic expression, anti-theft protection, or advertising. The multi-stage process involves removing the top clear coat, applying protective film, airbrushing the design, and then applying several clear coat layers for protection. A variety of paints and effects are used to create realistic, colorful, and textured designs including basic colors, skin tones, pearlescent paints, candy concentrates, chrome and metallic paints, and special effect paints that change colors with heat or light.
Paint is a coating of fluid materials that is applied over surfaces to provide protection and decoration. It consists of a base, vehicle or carrier, driers, coloring pigments, and solvents or thinners. The base forms the bulk of the paint and provides an opaque coating, while the vehicle holds the ingredients in liquid suspension. Drier helps the paint dry and harden. Common types of paint include aluminum paint, anticorrosive paint, asbestos paint, bituminous paint, cellulose paint, colloidal paint, emulsion paint, enamel paint, graphite paint, oil paint, plastic paints, cement paint, and synthetic rubber paint. Each type has different characteristics and uses. Defects in painting
The document discusses painting and distempering. It defines paint as a coating of fluid materials applied to surfaces like timber and metals. Painting protects surfaces from weathering, prevents decay and corrosion, and improves appearance. An ideal paint spreads well, is economical, dries reasonably, maintains color, forms a hard durable surface, and doesn't crack. It describes common types of paints like aluminum paint and their uses. Distemper is made from water, chalk and natural pigments, bound with animal glue or milk resin. Distempering is applying distemper to create a smooth plastered surface.
The document discusses various types of paints and varnishes. It describes paint as a pigment, binder and solvent mixture that forms an adhering protective or decorative film. Good paint characteristics include adhesion, workability, protection, drying rate and resistance to weathering. Paint composition involves pigments, binders, solvents and additives. Various paint types like acrylic, automotive, epoxy, emulsion, enamel, metallic, PU and oil are outlined. Varnish is a resin dissolved in oil, turpentine or alcohol to protect and finish wood. Process of varnishing involves surface preparation, knotting, stopping and multiple coats. Types of varnish include oil, spar, turpentine and
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
This document provides information about paints and varnishes. It defines paint as a liquid solution of pigment and solvent applied to surfaces for decorative or protective purposes. The document outlines the objectives, qualities, and components of good paint, including the vehicle, base, pigments, solvents, and extenders. It describes different types of paints such as oil paint, enamel paint, cement paint, and emulsion paint. The document also discusses the process of painting, common painting defects, varnishes, and the process of varnishing.
Chapter_16_paint process and fundamentalzainnaqvi39
This document provides an overview of painting fundamentals and refinishing procedures. It discusses preparation, types of refinishing jobs from spot repairs to overall refinishing, application techniques for basecoat and clearcoat, and general rules for painting vehicles. Key points covered include proper spray gun use, applying multiple spray coats, blending techniques, and cleaning spray equipment after use.
The document discusses various types and styles of printing fabrics. It describes three main approaches to printing color on fabric: direct printing, discharge printing, and resist printing. It then provides details on different printing techniques like block printing, roller printing, screen printing, and others; explaining their process, advantages, and disadvantages. The document also covers various pattern styles used in printing like stripes, checks, dots, geometrical prints, and others.
Paint is a coating of fluid materials that is applied to surfaces to protect and decorate them. An ideal paint should dry quickly, maintain its color over time, form a hard durable surface, and not negatively impact health or show cracks. There are many types of paints including aluminum paint, which is resistant to heat and moisture; anticorrosive paint, which protects surfaces for long durations; and enamel paint, which forms a hard surface resistant to chemicals and weathering. Defects in painted surfaces can include blistering, fading, flaking, and running caused by issues like trapped vapors, sunlight, poor adhesion, or an overly smooth surface.
The document provides information about plastering work including required skills, knowledge, tools, materials and methods. It discusses unit codes, outcomes and job roles for plastering qualifications. It also outlines personal protective equipment, tools, materials and methods for plastering including applying different coats, using screeds, and installing beads. The key steps of plastering work like preparing backgrounds, checking suction, and applying scratch, laying and finishing coats are explained.
paint and its types (for architectural study)SIDDHI DOSI
This document provides an overview of paint, including its definition, composition, properties, techniques, types, and manufacturing process. Paint consists of pigments suspended in a liquid called a vehicle. Key properties include ease of application, opacity, durability, and flexibility. Common painting techniques include using brushes, rollers, and spray equipment. Main types are oil-based, water-based, enamel, and anti-corrosive paints. The manufacturing process involves mixing pigments, binders, solvents, and additives. Varnishes are clear or translucent coatings used to protect or enhance surfaces and are either natural resin or synthetic resin based.
This document provides information on different tools used for paint application, including brushes, rollers, and spray equipment. It defines each tool and describes their uses. Brushes come in various sizes for different painting tasks. Rollers also come in different types for walls, trim work, and replicating textures. Spray application can be done through conventional spray guns, airless sprayers, or painting robots which provide precision and uniform coating. The document discusses the advantages and industries that commonly use painting robots.
PBJ Painting | Paint decorating In every Housepbjpainting
PBJ Painting is an external house painting business that knows what it takes to provide a high-quality finish that will keep your house searching great for decades to come.
Varnishing is done to protect and beautify wooden surfaces. An ideal varnish forms a hard, durable protective film while maintaining an attractive gloss. Varnishes contain resins like copal or shellac, driers to accelerate drying, and solvents like linseed oil, turpentine or spirits of wine. Main types are oil, spirit, turpentine and water varnishes, which vary in drying time and durability. The varnishing process involves preparing the wood surface, treating knots, applying multiple thin coats until finished.
This document provides information on different types of paints and their composition. It discusses 7 main categories of paint: oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, cellulose paints, varnishes, water paints (distemper), and special paints. It describes the composition and uses of different types of paints like oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, etc. The document also discusses common painting techniques like brush painting and spray painting and defines common painting defects like bleeding, blistering, blooming, and methods to remedy them.
This document provides information on different types of paints and their composition. It discusses 7 main categories of paint: oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, cellulose paints, varnishes, water paints (distemper), and special paints. It describes the composition and uses of different types of paints like oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, etc. The document also discusses painting techniques like brush painting and spray painting and common painting defects like bleeding, blistering, blooming, and methods to remedy them.
This document provides information on different types of paints and their composition. It discusses 7 main categories of paint: oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, cellulose paints, varnishes, water paints (distemper), and special paints. It describes the composition and uses of different types of paints like oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, etc. The document also covers painting techniques like brush painting and spray painting, and common painting defects like bleeding, blistering, blooming, and methods to prevent or remedy them.
This document provides tips for finishing drywall, including taping and applying joint compound. It recommends making sure the drywall is hung tightly, mixing joint compound to the right consistency, using paper tape for corners and mesh tape for seams. The finishing process involves applying two coats of joint compound over the tape, sanding between coats, and using a primer sealer before painting to ensure a smooth finish. Proper tools like taping knives and good technique are also emphasized.
This document provides information on preparing surfaces, lining paper, wallboards, previously painted surfaces, filling cracks and holes, mould growth, new plaster, stripping wallpaper, tools and equipment, pastes and adhesives, paste consistency, how wallpaper is manufactured including screen printing, hand block printing, machine printing and embossing, types of wallpaper including grounds, machine prints, hand prints, embossed papers, wet embossed paper, washable papers, coated washable papers, wood grain, metallic folis and expanded polystyrene.
This document provides instructions and explanations for various painting and decorating techniques:
- It describes how to properly load a brush by coating the bristles and tapping off excess paint, being careful not to get paint on the handle.
- Different techniques are covered like cutting in, laying off brush strokes, applying paint with rollers, cleaning brushes, and special effects like rag rolling, sponging, stippling and stenciling.
- Specific instructions are given for techniques like graining, marbling, textured painting, gilding, and how to prevent defects when gilding.
Aerografia is a process of painting unique artwork directly onto vehicles using airbrushing techniques. It can be used for artistic expression, anti-theft protection, or advertising. The multi-stage process involves removing the top clear coat, applying protective film, airbrushing the design, and then applying several clear coat layers for protection. A variety of paints and effects are used to create realistic, colorful, and textured designs including basic colors, skin tones, pearlescent paints, candy concentrates, chrome and metallic paints, and special effect paints that change colors with heat or light.
Paint is a coating of fluid materials that is applied over surfaces to provide protection and decoration. It consists of a base, vehicle or carrier, driers, coloring pigments, and solvents or thinners. The base forms the bulk of the paint and provides an opaque coating, while the vehicle holds the ingredients in liquid suspension. Drier helps the paint dry and harden. Common types of paint include aluminum paint, anticorrosive paint, asbestos paint, bituminous paint, cellulose paint, colloidal paint, emulsion paint, enamel paint, graphite paint, oil paint, plastic paints, cement paint, and synthetic rubber paint. Each type has different characteristics and uses. Defects in painting
The document discusses painting and distempering. It defines paint as a coating of fluid materials applied to surfaces like timber and metals. Painting protects surfaces from weathering, prevents decay and corrosion, and improves appearance. An ideal paint spreads well, is economical, dries reasonably, maintains color, forms a hard durable surface, and doesn't crack. It describes common types of paints like aluminum paint and their uses. Distemper is made from water, chalk and natural pigments, bound with animal glue or milk resin. Distempering is applying distemper to create a smooth plastered surface.
The document discusses various types of paints and varnishes. It describes paint as a pigment, binder and solvent mixture that forms an adhering protective or decorative film. Good paint characteristics include adhesion, workability, protection, drying rate and resistance to weathering. Paint composition involves pigments, binders, solvents and additives. Various paint types like acrylic, automotive, epoxy, emulsion, enamel, metallic, PU and oil are outlined. Varnish is a resin dissolved in oil, turpentine or alcohol to protect and finish wood. Process of varnishing involves surface preparation, knotting, stopping and multiple coats. Types of varnish include oil, spar, turpentine and
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
4. Brush Application
• A paintbrush is usually made by clamping the bristles to a handle with a Ferrule.
• They are available in various sizes, shapes, and materials.
5. • Good-quality brushes have “flagged”
bristle tips.
• A flagged bristle is a bristle that is split
into three to five strands.
• This flagging helps bristles retain paint
and spread it more uniformly.
• Bristles should be set solidly in rubber.
Selection of best quality brush
6. Paint Brushes
Classification based on Their bristles
• Natural Bristles:
• Synthetic bristles:
•Man-made brushes
•Either polyester or nylon,
•Suitable for use with oil base or latex paints.
7. • Sable: (Found in China)
• The ultimate soft brush is made from the hairs on the tail of a sable marten;
these taper naturally,
• Sable brushes are expensive, but are renowned for their softness, flexibility,
and fine point.
• Sable has traditionally been considered the best hair for water-color brushes.
• They are good for painting fine details and very thin paint.
• Squirrel:
• Cheaper than sable, squirrel is a soft hair with little spring.
• Larger squirrel brushes work better than smaller ones because the mass of hairs
together gives them support.
Natural Bristles
8. • Hog/bristle:
• These brushes are the workhorse of the oil painter.
• The ultimate hard brush is made from the hairs on the back of a pig (hog),
• The bristles have natural split-ends, which increases the amount of paint they
hold.
• They are good for loading with a lot of paint and painting impasto style and
are used for both oils and acrylics.
• They age well, becoming softer and more responsive with use.
• Camel:
• Camel hair is unsuitable for brushes because it is too soft.
• Ox:
• Long, strong and springy hair. It is most often used in flat shaped brushes.
9. • Nylon
• very durable and resist wear on rough surfaces.
• Relatively soft bristle.
• Tend to soften and lose their shape with prolonged use
• Nylon is very easy to clean.
• Best suited for use with water base paints on interior smooth and semi-
smooth surface.
Synthetic Bristles
10. Synthetic Bristles Cont…
•Polyester
• Resistant to water absorption.
• 100% polyester brushes do not have good resistance to abrasion,
• Do not stand up to heavy use on rough surfaces.
• Tends to leave brush marks.
• These filaments are very difficult to clean, but may be used with all
paints.
• Polyester brushes may be a good choice for exterior painting
applications on smooth, semi-smooth, and semi-rough surfaces.
11. Paint Requirement of brush application
• Air drying type, based on long/medium oil length alkyds, emulsion, distempers are
ideal for brush application.
• Viscosity 45-55 sec by ford Cup B-4.
• Evaporation rate must be set accordingly.
• Quick drying type paints based on medium to short oil length alkyd and fast
evaporating solvent like Xylene are not suitable.
12. Do’s
Proper Selection of Brush w.r.t. Paint system
Proper cleaning Before and After application
Rinse the brush in proper solvent, making sure that no traces of
paint are left on the ferrule and hairs
Soaking of brush in proper solvent after application
Always store your paint brush upright with the hairs up
Do’s for Brush Painting
13. Don’ts
Do not let the paint dry in your brushes
Don't let your brushes sit tip down in paint for extended periods.
If left soaking too, the hairs of brushes can begin to damage.
Over time this can permanently damage the shape and functionality of your
brush.
Don’ts for Brush Painting
15. Brushes
Service life of Brush
Life depends on Maintenance of brush
Usually to be dip into the proper medium of solvent 48 hrs.
prior to use
Skill of the painter
Nature of surface to be painted
Viscosity of the paint
Accessibility of the job
17. Uneven Spreading & brush marks
Too short flash off time
Too Fast evaporating solvents combination
Too thick paint application
Poor flow and leveling of paint
18. •Advantages of brush application
Low capital cost
Suitable for on-site application
Independent of power
No loss through overspray
Short set-up time
•Advantages of brush application
Most expensive way of applying paint because of labour costs involved
19.
20. What are paint rollers?
• A paint roller is a paint application tool used for painting large flat surfaces
rapidly and efficiently.
• The paint roller typically consists of two parts: a "roller frame," and a "roller
cover."
• The roller cover absorbs the paint and transfers it to the painted surface, the roller
frame attaches to the roller cover.
• A painter holds the roller by the handle section.
• The roller frame is reusable. It is possible to clean and reuse a roller cover, but it
is also typically disposed of after use.
21.
22. Types of rollers
1. Manual Rollers
• Manual rollers are the most common type of paint roller.
• These rollers are typically used to apply paint to walls and ceilings
• Manual rollers are particularly useful in painting high surfaces.
• In fact, if the handle is long enough, you can paint a ceiling with a
manual roller without having to incorporate the aid of a ladder.
• Drawback – Paint drips if even a little paint is applied.
23. 2. Pad Rollers
• Pad rollers are an effective tool for painting trim or edging.
• These unique rollers utilize a highly absorbent, flat pad to apply paint in straight,
even strokes.
• They feature small wheels along their edges that help keep the paint application
straight.
• Because of their flatness, pad rollers tend to hold paint better than other types of
rollers.
• Best paint rollers to use when painting a single surface more than one colour.
Types of rollers cont….
24. 3. Textured Rollers
• Textured rollers are specifically designed to paint a texture onto a surface.
• These rollers feature special foam covers that have certain patterns etched
into them.
• There are rollers that simulate wood grain, brick, stone, tile and many other
patterns.
• Like manual rollers, textured rollers are best suited for use on large
surfaces, like walls and ceilings.
Types of rollers cont….
25. Selection of Rollers Designing aspects
1. Pile Depth/Nap Length
It is thickness of the roller cover's fibre nap. It's essential to choose the right
pile depth for the surface you're painting.
• Very Smooth – for metal doors and plaster
• Smooth – for drywall
• Semi-Smooth – for drywall
• Semi-Rough – for rough wood and acoustic tile
• Rough – for textured ceilings and stucco finishes
• Very Rough – for concrete block, brick and fences
26. Process of Roller painting
• Fit the roller to the frame.
• Pour paint into the reservoir at the end of the roller tray. Do not overfill.
• Dip the roller lightly into the paint, the paint should cover less than half of the
roller. Then roll it backwards and forwards on the ramp of the tray to evenly
distribute the paint on the roller cover.
• Roll the paint onto the surface with in a large zigzag pattern. Then fill in the space
with criss-cross strokes.
• Once you’ve covered the area, level the finish by laying-off with long, parallel
strokes. Laying-off needs to be done before the paint has commenced drying, so it’s
best to work in sections at a time.
• Never leave a paint-covered roller exposed to the air for any length of time. Wrap it
in plastic cling wrap when you take a short break, and make sure to clean it
completely after use.
27. •Advantages
1. It is usually quicker than brush application, especially on rough surfaces.
2. Suitable to get texture coating.
3. No/Minimum paint consumption.
4. Semi-skilled operator to obtain a reasonable standard.
5. Faster than brush application.
•Disadvantages:
1.Although not as quick as spraying
2.Not suitable for QD paints.
3.Corners and Complicated surfaces difficult to paint.
28. Wet Age time
• It is a minimum flash off time for second coat within which second coat can be
applied to get uniform and proper merging of two coats.
• Large Surfaces can not be applied in single stroke.
• When painting is carrying out by brush of roller, only within reach surface is
painted
• Thus, painting of large surface is completed by painting its small portion one after
another.
• Paint must be cover and must get merge into neighbouring coat so that it will not
give a patch of colour at the joints.
29. • Painting operation always carried out by two or more coat to get desired
opacity with minimum defects.
• At the time of application of second coat, its underneath coat must be
sufficiently wet so that second coat will get merge in to it.
• This merging of coats is very important to get uniform coating opacity and
colour uniformity.
• Therefore, to get proper merging of coats paint application must know its wet
age time.
Wet Age Time Cont….
30. Wet on Wet (W/W) application
• This is a technique of applying second coat of paint before first coats dried off.
• Second coat may or may not be same.
• When same paint is being applied it is applied to increase the DFT and opacity of the
coating.
• Such a wet on wet application does not showed any film properties
provided that Applicator ensures the wet age time and other paint application
properties
• When second coat has different composition problem of intercoat adhesion may arise.
31. Advantages of W/W application
1. Fast process.
2. Film build up without film defects.
3. Eliminated baking cost if it’s a baking system.
4. Hiding can be improved
5.
Disadvantage:
1. Intercoat adhesion failure
Wet on Wet (W/W) application Cont….