Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, a finger-like organ attached to the cecum. The appendix can become blocked, leading to swelling and infection. This causes pain in the lower right abdomen. Appendicitis is most common in teenagers and young adults. It is diagnosed through physical exam, imaging tests, and blood tests. Treatment involves antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain medication, and often surgery to remove the appendix (appendicectomy). Complications can include perforation leading to infection in the abdomen.

1. APPENDICITIS
JOHNY WILBERT, M.SC[N]
LECTURER,
APOLLO INSTITUTE OF HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT AND ALLIED SCIENCE

2. Introduction
• The appendix is a small, finger-like appendage
attached to the cecum just below the ileo-cecal
valve.
• Because it empties into the colon inefficiently
and its lumen is small, it is prone to becoming
obstructed and is vulnerable to infection.

3. • The obstructed appendix becomes inflamed
and edematous and eventually fills with pus,
this is called appendicitis.

4. Definition
• Inflammation of the appendix,a pus-filled
abscess forms outside the inflammed appendix.

5. Incidence
• Males are affected more than females.
• Teenagers more frequently than adults.
• The highest incidence is in those between the
ages of 10 and 30years.

6. Causes
• Appendix becomes blocked, often by
stool, a foreign body, kinking, or
cancer.
• Blockage may also occur from
infection, since the appendix swells in
response to any response in the body.

7. Types of appendicitis
• There are 2 basic types of appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
Acute appendicitis

8. Signs and symptoms
• Lower right quadrant pain(at Mcburneys point)
• Low-grade fever.
• Nausea.
• Vomitting
• Constipation or diarrhea.

10. • Rebound tenderness.
• Loss of appetite
• Rovsing’s sign (pain in right lower quadrant
with palpation of left lower quadrant).
• Ruptured appendix causes abdominal
distention develops from paralytic ileus.
• Inability to pass fatus

11. • Painful urination
• Severe cramps
• Dunphy’s sign (increased pain with
coughing).
• Obturator sign( pain on internal
rotation of right thigh)
• Psoas sign (pain on extension of right
thigh).

12. Diagnostic evaluation
• Complete physical examination.
• Abdominal x-ray.
• Ultrasound
• Complete blood count
• CT scan
• Rectal exam
• Urine test

13. Treatment
• Antibiotics
• NPO
• Iv fluid
• Analgesics
• Antiemetics
• Surgery(appendicectomy) either open or
laprascopic

14. Complication
• Perforation leads to peritonitis or an abscess.
• High grade fever

15. • Thank you