Anemia aplastic

1. THE SUPERIOR
UNIVERSITY (NURSING
CAMPUS)
Topic : Aplastic Anemia
Presented To : Madam Amber Sarfraz
Presented By : Aoun Muhammad’s Group
GROUP MEMBERS: HORAIB, IHTASHAM, SAADULLAH, SHABAN,
SHEHROSH, TAYYAB ALI

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction of Aplastic Anemia
• Definition of Aplastic Anemia
• Etiology of Aplastic Anemia
• Clinical Features of Aplastic
Anemia
• Risk Factors of Aplastic Anemia
• Diagnosis of Aplastic Anemia
• Complications of Aplastic Anemia
• Treatment of Aplastic Anemia
• Nursing Management.

3. INTRODUCTION
• Despite its name, aplastic anemia, or bone
marrow failure, is more than anemia.
Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious blood
condition that occurs when your bone
marrow cannot make enough new blood
cells for your body to work normally.
• It can develop quickly or slowly, and it can
be mild or serious.

5. DEFINITION
• A severe, life threatening syndrome in
which production of Erythrocytes,
WBC’s and Platelets has failed is called
Aplastic Anemia
• Pancytopenia with Hypocellularity of
Bone Marrow

7. There are two types of aplastic anemia:
Inherited aplastic:
anemia occurs because of a random gene
mutation. It is most common in children and
younger adults.
Acquired aplastic:
anemia occurs because of an immune system
problem. It is most common in older adults,
but can occur in younger adults.
Types

8. ETIOLOGY OF APLASTIC ANEMIA
• Aplastic anemia is caused by damage to stem
cells inside your bone marrow, which is the
sponge-like tissue within your bones. Many
diseases and conditions can damage the stem
cells in bone marrow. As a result, the bone
marrow makes fewer red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets.

9. SYMPTOMS OF APLASTIC ANEMIA
• Fatigue.
• Shortness of breath.
• Rapid or irregular heart rate.
• Pale skin.
• Frequent or prolonged infections.
• Unexplained or easy bruising.
• Nosebleeds and bleeding gums.
• Prolonged bleeding from cuts.

10. RISK FACTORS OF APLASTIC ANEMIA
• A history of autoimmune disorders.
• A history of viral infection, such as hepatitis.
• Pregnancy.
• The use of certain medicines, such as
sulfonamides and antiseizure medications.
• Long-term exposure to pesticides and certain
chemicals, such as benzene.

11. DIAGNOSIS
• Bone marrow biopsy:
• The sample is examined under a
microscope to rule out other blood-
related diseases. In aplastic anemia,
bone marrow contains fewer blood
cells than normal. Confirming a
diagnosis of aplastic anemia requires a
bone marrow biopsy

12. COMPLICATIONS
• Excessive Bleeding, Leukemia, or other
serious blood conditions.
• Without treatment, aplastic anemia can lead
to serious medical conditions such as:
An irregular heartbeat
Heart failure

13. TREATMENT
 Treatment for aplastic anemia might
include medications Therapy with drugs that
suppress the immune system, such as
anti-thymocyte globulin
(ATG) and cyclosporine may be recommended
instead. Another drug for severe aplastic anemia,
called eltrombopag is used
 Blood transfusions or a stem cell transplant,
also known as a bone marrow transplant

14. NURSING MANAGEMRNT
• Assist the client in developing a schedule for daily
activity and rest.
• Educate energy-conservation techniques.
• Instruct the client about medications that may
stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.
• Provide supplemental oxygen therapy as needed.
• Anticipate the need for the transfusion of packed
RBCs.