The document discusses Apache Beam, an open-source framework designed for executing ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes for both batch and streaming data processing. It details the architecture, core concepts such as transformations and windowing, and practical implementations, showcasing how Apache Beam can streamline data processing tasks across different backends. Additionally, it highlights various use cases for Apache Beam, including fraud detection and sentiment analysis.

1. APACHE BEAM –
THE DATA
ENGINEER’S
HOPE
Robert Mroczkowski,
Piotr Wikieł
Voyager 1 — „Pale blue dot”. NASA, 14 lutego 1990

2. ABOUT US
▸ Data Platform Engineers at Allegro
▸ Maintaining probably one of the
largest Hadoop cluster in Poland
▸ We use public clouds for data
processing on a daily basis
▸ Roots:
▸ Robert — sysop
▸ Piotr — dev
2
VegeTables

3. AGENDA
▸ ETL processes and Lambda Architecture
▸ Apache Beam framework foundations
▸ Transformations, windows, tags, etc.
▸ Batch and streaming
▸ Examples, use cases
3

5. BUT IN OUR PREVIOUS DB DATA HAD
BEEN ARRIVING SECONDS (NOT
HOURS) AFTER IT WAS PRODUCED…
Jane Doe, Department of Analytics,
Company Ltd.
5

6. LAMBDA ARCHITECTURE
▸ Kafka — source
▸ Hadoop — batch
▸ Flink — speed
▸ Druid — serving
6

7. LAMBDA ARCHITECTURE
▸ Complicated, huh?
▸ We have to build separate software for real-time and batch
computations
▸ … which have to be maintained, probably by different
teams
▸ Why not use one tool to rule them all?
7

8. APACHE
BEAM

9. APACHE
BEAM
UNIFIED MODEL FOR EXECUTING BOTH BATCH
AND STREAM DATA PROCESSING PIPELINES

10. APACHE
BEAM
UNIFIED MODEL FOR EXECUTING BOTH BATCH
AND STREAM DATA PROCESSING PIPELINES
[whip sound]

11. APACHE BEAM
▸ Born in Google, and then open-sourced
▸ Designed especially for ETL pipelines
▸ Use for both streaming and batch processing
▸ Heavily parallel processing
▸ Exactly once semantics
11

12. IN CODE
▸ Backends (Spark, Flink, Apex, Dataflow, Gearpump, Direct)
▸ Java (rich) and Python (poor but pretty) SDK
▸ Open-source Scala API (github –> spotify/scio)
12APACHE BEAM

13. APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK
▸ Pipeline
▸ Input/Output
▸ PCollection — distributed data representation (Spark RDD-
like)
▸ Transofrmation — set of operations on data / usually single
operation
13

14. TRANSFORMATIONS
▸ ParDo — like map in MapReduce
▸ Filter elements of PCollection
▸ Format values in PCollection
▸ Cast types
▸ Computations on each single element
▸ collection.apply(ParDo.of(SomeDoFn()))
14APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK FOUNDATIONS

15. TRANSFORMATIONS
▸ GroupByKey
▸ group values of k/v pairs for the same key
▸ like Shuffle phase in Map Reduce
▸ For streaming - windowing or triggers are necessary
15APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK FOUNDATIONS

16. TRANSFORMATIONS
▸ CoGroupByKey
▸ join values of k/v pairs for the same key for separate
PCollection
▸ .apply(CoGroupByKey.create())
▸ For streaming — windowing or triggers are necessary
16APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK FOUNDATIONS

17. TRANSFORMATIONS
▸ Combine
▸ Reduce from Map Reduce paradigm
▸ Combines all elements in PCollection
▸ Combines elements for specific key in k/v pairs
▸ For streaming accumulates elements per window
17APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK FOUNDATIONS

18. TRANSFORMATIONS
▸ Flatten
▸ Merge several PCollections
▸ Partition
▸ Split PCollection
18APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK FOUNDATIONS

19. TRANSFORMATIONS
▸ Several already defined transformations:
▸ Filter.By
▸ Count
▸ Custom Transformations
▸ Serializable
▸ Thread-compatible
▸ Idempotent
19APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK FOUNDATIONS

20. TAGGED OUTPUT
20APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK FOUNDATIONS

21. SIDE INPUT – ENRICHMENT
▸ Additional data in ParDo
▸ Computed at runtime
21APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK FOUNDATIONS

22. IO
22APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK FOUNDATIONS
FILE MESSAGING DATABASE
HDFS Kinesis Cassandra
GCS Kafka Hbase
S3 PubSub Hive
Local JMS BigQuery
Avro MQTT BigTable
Text DataStore
TFRecord Spanner
XML Mongo
Tika Redis
Solr

23. APACHE BEAM
TWEETS
Predictions
Tweets
READS
WRITES
#juzwiosna; #jug juz dzis; #java 10 GA released
23

24. APACHE BEAM
TWEETS
Predictions
Tweets
READS
WRITES
#juzwiosna; #jug juz dzis; #java 10 GA released
EXTRACT jug, java, juzwiosna
24

25. APACHE BEAM
TWEETS
Predictions
Tweets
READS
WRITES
#juzwiosna; #jug juz dzis; #java 10 GA released
EXTRACT jug, java, juzwiosna
COUNT jug -> 10k, java -> 4M, juzwiosna -> 100
25

26. APACHE BEAM
TWEETS
Predictions
Tweets
READS
WRITES
#juzwiosna; #jug juz dzis; #java 10 GA released
EXTRACT jug, java, juzwiosna
COUNT
EXPAND
jug -> 10k, java -> 4M, juzwiosna -> 100
{j -> [jug -> 10k, java -> 4M, juzwiosna -> 100],
ju-> [jug -> 10k, juzwiosna -> 100]}
26

27. APACHE BEAM
TWEETS
Predictions
Tweets
READS
WRITES
#juzwiosna; #jug juz dzis; #java 10 GA released
{j->[java, jug, juzwiosna], ju->[jug, juzwiosna]}
EXTRACT jug, java, juzwiosna
COUNT
EXPAND
TOP(3)
jug -> 10k, java -> 4M, juzwiosna -> 100
{j -> [jug -> 10k, java -> 4M, juzwiosna -> 100],
ju-> [jug -> 10k, juzwiosna -> 100]}
27

28. APACHE BEAM
TWEETS — BATCH
READS
WRITES
EXTRACT
COUNT
EXPAND
TOP(3)
Pipeline p = Pipeline.create(new PipelineOptions());
p.begin()
.apply(TextIO.Read.from("..."))
.apply(ParDo.of(new ExtractTags()))
.apply(Count.perElement())
.apply(ParDo.of(new ExpandPrefixes()))
.apply(Top.largestPerKey(3))
.apply(TextIO.Write.to("...");
p.run();
28

29. APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK – STREAMING
▸ Windows
▸ One global window by default
▸ Applied for group, combine or output trasnformations
▸ GroupByKey — data is grouped by both key and window
29

30. WINDOWS
FIXED TIME WINDOWS
30

31. WINDOWS
SLIDING WINDOWS
31

32. WINDOWS
SESSION WINDOWS
32

33. APACHE BEAM
TWEETS – BATCH
READS
WRITES
EXTRACT
COUNT
EXPAND
TOP(3)
Pipeline p = Pipeline.create(new PipelineOptions());
p.begin()
.apply(PubsubIO.Read.topic("..."))
.apply(ParDo.of(new ExtractTags()))
.apply(Count.perElement())
.apply(ParDo.of(new ExpandPrefixes()))
.apply(Top.largestPerKey(3))
.apply(PubsubIO.Write.topic(„...");
p.run();
33

34. APACHE BEAM
TWEETS – STREAMING
READS
WRITES
EXTRACT
COUNT
EXPAND
TOP(3)
Pipeline p = Pipeline.create(new PipelineOptions());
p.begin()
.apply(PubsubIO.Read.topic("..."))
.apply(Window.into(SlidingWindows.of(
Duration.standardMinutes(60))))
.apply(ParDo.of(new ExtractTags()))
.apply(Count.perElement())
.apply(ParDo.of(new ExpandPrefixes()))
.apply(Top.largestPerKey(3))
.apply(PubsubIO.Write.topic(”...”);
p.run();
34

35. APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK – STREAMING
▸ Watermarks
▸ Simple: lag between event timestamp and processing
time
▸ Beam keeps track of watermark
▸ When window past watermark data is considered late
and discarded
▸ Allow for lateness
35

36. APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK – STREAMING
▸ Triggers
▸ Change default windowing behaviour
▸ Completness / Latency / Cost
▸ Event Time / Processing Time / Data
36

37. APACHE BEAM FRAMEWORK – STATEFUL PROCESSING
37
(k1,w1) (k2,w2) (k3,w3)
"s1" 12 33 -5
"s2" "kot" "pies" "okoń"
"s3" 0,03 0,12 0,33
"s4" "ala" "ma" "kota"

38. CAPABILITY MATRIX
38APACHE BEAM — BACKENDS

39. CAPABILITY MATRIX
39APACHE BEAM — BACKENDS

40. APACHE BEAM – RUN
mvn compile exec:java —Dexec.mainClass=org.apache.beam.examples.WordCount
-Dexec.args="--inputFile=pom.xml --output=counts" -Pdirect-runner
40

41. APACHE BEAM – RUN
mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=org.apache.beam.examples.WordCount
-Dexec.args="--runner=SparkRunner --inputFile=pom.xml —output=counts"
-Pspark-runner
41

42. APACHE BEAM – RUN
mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=org.apache.beam.examples.WordCount
-Dexec.args="--runner=DataflowRunner --gcpTempLocation=gs://bb/tmp
--inputFile=gs://apache-beam-samples/shakespeare/*
-—output=gs://bb/counts”
-Pdataflow-runner
42

43. APACHE BEAM – USE CASE’Y
▸ ETL
▸ Fraud detection
▸ Ads pricing (similar: Uber pricing)
▸ Sentiment analysis
43

44. LINKS
▸ Google Dataflow paper: https://research.google.com/pubs/
pub43864.html
▸ Apache Beam: https://beam.apache.org/
44

45. Q&A
THANK YOU

46. Q&A
THANK YOU
We are hiring ;-)
https://goo.gl/zzqXLS