Running head: TITLE OF ESSAY
1
TITLE OF ESSAY
2
Title of Essay
Author’s Name
University of the Cumberlands
Abstract
Abstracts are research tools that can help you readers determine if the scope of your article/essay will help them in their own research. In APA, abstracts are typically 150-250 words in length and provide an evaluative summary of the essay to follow. The personal opinion of the author is strictly prohibited in abstracts. Unlike a body paragraph, the first line of an abstract is not tabbed-in. For many student essays, especially in lower-numbers courses, an abstract will not be required; still, it is good to practice this skill.
Title of Essay
In APA style, the introduction of the essay should begin here, followed by the body paragraphs. APA is typically a more formal style than most students are accustomed to using in a writing course. For the purposes of this course, the level of formality should be based on the assignment. For example: APA asks that students always write in third person (avoiding words such as I, me, we, our(s), you, your(s), etc). Certain rhetorical modes, however, don’t cater well to third person (narrative and reflection writing are two such examples). In these situations, first person (I, me, we, our(s)) may be, and should be employed; second person (you, your(s)) should be avoided in all academic writing unless an essay is specifically designed to relay instructions (there are few assignments that will employ second person).
Like any essay, students should make sure their essays are formatted with one inch margins, with their text exclusively in Times New Roman 12-point font, and students should double space their lines. This document can be downloaded and used as a template wherein students may simply replace names, titles, dates, and so on with their own information.
The final page of this document will demonstrate a References page. If a student uses information from any source, that source must be identified within the text and listed on a References page. These citations should be listed in alphabetical order and, opposite to the way a normal paragraph works, the first line should be flush left and each following line should be tabbed in. Though there is really no substitute for a good APA Style Manual, students can refer to a citation generator such as www.citationmachine.net to ensure proper formatting. Any further questions should be directed to the instructor of the course.
References
Badley, G. (2009). A place from where to speak: The university and academic freedom. British
Journal of Educational Studies, 57(2), 146-163. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
8527.2009.00429.x
Baumanns, M., Biedenkopf, K., Cole, J. R., Kerrey, B., & Lee, B. (2009). The future of
universities and the fate of free inquiry and academic freedom: Question and answer
session. Social Research, 76(3), 867-886. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Berthoff, A. E. (2009). Learning the uses of chaos. In S. M.
Grand Canyon UniversityAmerican Psychological Association [APA] St.docxshericehewat
Grand Canyon University
American Psychological Association [APA] Style Guide for WritingIntroduction
Students of Grand Canyon University (GCU) are required to use the guidelines provided by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) for preparing written assignments, except where otherwise noted. GCU has made APA templates and other resources available within the Student Success Center; therefore, students are not required to purchase the APA manual.
PLEASE NOTE:
The curriculum materials (Syllabus, Lectures/Readings, Resources, etc.) created and provided by GCU in the online or Web-enhanced modalities are prepared using an editorial format that relies on APA as a framework but that modifies some formatting criteria to better suit the nature and purpose of instructional materials. Students and faculty are advised that GCU course materials do not adhere strictly to APA format and should not be used as examples of correct APA format when preparing written work for class.
APA Format and Style
General
Academic writing, which is independent thought supported by reliable and relevant research, depends on the ability to integrate and cite the sources that have been consulted. Use APA style for all references, in-text citations, formatting, etc.
Write in first- and second-person sparingly, if ever. This means, avoid using I, we, and you; instead, use he, she, and they. Do not use contractions.Paper Format
1) Use standard-sized paper of 8.5″ x 11″.
2) Margins should be 1″ all around (top, bottom, left, right).
3) Use Times New Roman 12-point font.
4) For emphasis, use italics (not quotation marks, bold, etc.).
5) Double-space.
6) Align the text flush left. Organization
The basic organization of an APA-style paper includes the title page, abstract, body, and reference section, though students are encouraged to follow any specific directions given in their Overview assignment.
Title Page
The title page includes four elements that should be centered in the middle of the page: title, author byline, institutional affiliation followed by the course prefix and number (e.g., Grand Canyon University: PSY 351), and date of submission. Please note that even though APA does not require the date on a title page, it is a requirement for GCU papers.
Being the first page, the title page is where to set up your page header, which includes the running head and the page number. The running head—an abbreviated title that is a maximum of 50 characters—should appear flush left in all uppercase letters in the header on all pages. Page numbers should be in the header, flush right.
To format your running head and page numbers in Microsoft Word 2010, click InsertHeader Blank. In the header box that shows up, type Running head: ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE. After the title, tab over till the cursor is at the right margin, highlight the space, and click InsertPage Number and select Current PositionPlain Number.
Abstract
The abstract covers the ma ...
Assignment 3b Threats Defense ArgumentDue in Week 10 and wo.docxdanielfoster65629
Assignment 3b: Threats Defense Argument
Due in Week 10 and worth 100 points
The information you provided in your presentation on Threats to the Global Environment has led to productive debates at
the UN General Assembly! There are now questions about prioritizing the issues at hand. Some of the countries are
challenging your recommendations and questioning your reasons for not including the issues they believe are priority.
From the initial eight global threats, there are four remaining threats that you did not choose in the list of major global
issues. Review the list of topics and reflect on two that you did not use in last week’s assignment. Defend your reason for
considering these topics lower in priority than the ones in your presentation.
Energy sources Civil war
Globalization Poor health of entire populations
Lack of educational opportunities Cultural taboos
Inappropriate uses of technology Climate change
The completed version of this assignment will consist of the following:
1. Select two threats from the list above that you did not use in your Assignment 3a presentation.
2. Create a minimum two-page document in which you outline a counterargument for the two threats you selected:
Write an opening statement describing the perception of each threat.
Write one paragraph for each threat (two paragraphs total) in which you give three reasons to explain
why the threat is less of a priority to the global environment than the four you selected in Assignment
3a. Support your reasons with at least three credible sources.
A conclusion statement for each threat.
3. Cite at least three credible sources excluding Wikipedia, dictionaries, and encyclopedias for your assessment. A
brief list of suggested resources has been provided at the end of the course guide.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Examine the factors that account for why the growth in the world’s population can negatively affect the
global society
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing
skills, using the following rubric:
APA Formatting
This document has the summarized, high points of the APA format that all students need to be aware in writing papers academically. There are many more details and requirements in the APA than in this condensed version. If the item needed is not included here, please refer to the APA manual or visit the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) website for more specific information in APA formatting.
Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides. Indent 5 spaces or ½ inch on the first line of every paragraph. You should use a clear font that is highly readable. APA recommends using 12 pt. Times New Roman font. There are two aspects of essay formats that you should keep in mind:
· Every other line in the entire paper will have text.
· Consistency and unifor.
Grand Canyon UniversityAmerican Psychological Association [APA] St.docxshericehewat
Grand Canyon University
American Psychological Association [APA] Style Guide for WritingIntroduction
Students of Grand Canyon University (GCU) are required to use the guidelines provided by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) for preparing written assignments, except where otherwise noted. GCU has made APA templates and other resources available within the Student Success Center; therefore, students are not required to purchase the APA manual.
PLEASE NOTE:
The curriculum materials (Syllabus, Lectures/Readings, Resources, etc.) created and provided by GCU in the online or Web-enhanced modalities are prepared using an editorial format that relies on APA as a framework but that modifies some formatting criteria to better suit the nature and purpose of instructional materials. Students and faculty are advised that GCU course materials do not adhere strictly to APA format and should not be used as examples of correct APA format when preparing written work for class.
APA Format and Style
General
Academic writing, which is independent thought supported by reliable and relevant research, depends on the ability to integrate and cite the sources that have been consulted. Use APA style for all references, in-text citations, formatting, etc.
Write in first- and second-person sparingly, if ever. This means, avoid using I, we, and you; instead, use he, she, and they. Do not use contractions.Paper Format
1) Use standard-sized paper of 8.5″ x 11″.
2) Margins should be 1″ all around (top, bottom, left, right).
3) Use Times New Roman 12-point font.
4) For emphasis, use italics (not quotation marks, bold, etc.).
5) Double-space.
6) Align the text flush left. Organization
The basic organization of an APA-style paper includes the title page, abstract, body, and reference section, though students are encouraged to follow any specific directions given in their Overview assignment.
Title Page
The title page includes four elements that should be centered in the middle of the page: title, author byline, institutional affiliation followed by the course prefix and number (e.g., Grand Canyon University: PSY 351), and date of submission. Please note that even though APA does not require the date on a title page, it is a requirement for GCU papers.
Being the first page, the title page is where to set up your page header, which includes the running head and the page number. The running head—an abbreviated title that is a maximum of 50 characters—should appear flush left in all uppercase letters in the header on all pages. Page numbers should be in the header, flush right.
To format your running head and page numbers in Microsoft Word 2010, click InsertHeader Blank. In the header box that shows up, type Running head: ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE. After the title, tab over till the cursor is at the right margin, highlight the space, and click InsertPage Number and select Current PositionPlain Number.
Abstract
The abstract covers the ma ...
Assignment 3b Threats Defense ArgumentDue in Week 10 and wo.docxdanielfoster65629
Assignment 3b: Threats Defense Argument
Due in Week 10 and worth 100 points
The information you provided in your presentation on Threats to the Global Environment has led to productive debates at
the UN General Assembly! There are now questions about prioritizing the issues at hand. Some of the countries are
challenging your recommendations and questioning your reasons for not including the issues they believe are priority.
From the initial eight global threats, there are four remaining threats that you did not choose in the list of major global
issues. Review the list of topics and reflect on two that you did not use in last week’s assignment. Defend your reason for
considering these topics lower in priority than the ones in your presentation.
Energy sources Civil war
Globalization Poor health of entire populations
Lack of educational opportunities Cultural taboos
Inappropriate uses of technology Climate change
The completed version of this assignment will consist of the following:
1. Select two threats from the list above that you did not use in your Assignment 3a presentation.
2. Create a minimum two-page document in which you outline a counterargument for the two threats you selected:
Write an opening statement describing the perception of each threat.
Write one paragraph for each threat (two paragraphs total) in which you give three reasons to explain
why the threat is less of a priority to the global environment than the four you selected in Assignment
3a. Support your reasons with at least three credible sources.
A conclusion statement for each threat.
3. Cite at least three credible sources excluding Wikipedia, dictionaries, and encyclopedias for your assessment. A
brief list of suggested resources has been provided at the end of the course guide.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Examine the factors that account for why the growth in the world’s population can negatively affect the
global society
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing
skills, using the following rubric:
APA Formatting
This document has the summarized, high points of the APA format that all students need to be aware in writing papers academically. There are many more details and requirements in the APA than in this condensed version. If the item needed is not included here, please refer to the APA manual or visit the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) website for more specific information in APA formatting.
Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides. Indent 5 spaces or ½ inch on the first line of every paragraph. You should use a clear font that is highly readable. APA recommends using 12 pt. Times New Roman font. There are two aspects of essay formats that you should keep in mind:
· Every other line in the entire paper will have text.
· Consistency and unifor.
This presentation will provide you the basic information on the APA Formatting and Style Guide. The following are the basic information that includes in this presentation:
1) Point of View, Voice, & Language
2) Type of APA Papers
3) General APA Format
4) References & Citations
5) Headings, Tables & Figures
Running head SHORT TITLE1SHORT TITLE 7Please delete .docxSUBHI7
Running head: SHORT TITLE 1
SHORT TITLE 7
Please delete this link after you have watched the video. The video provides you with guidance on how to design your own APA Assignment Template. Please look at the video below. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pbUoNa5tyY
Do not copy and paste from this template, rather change the content to your own assignment and keep use the same template or use the YouTube tutorial to design your own blank assignment template. Please do not loose points unnecessarily for not complying with APA format.
Position paper title
Student Name
Educational Institution
Abstract
Abstracts are research tools that can help you readers determine if the scope of your article/essay will help them in their own research. In APA, abstracts are typically 150-250 words in length and provide an evaluative summary of the essay to follow. The personal opinion of the author is strictly prohibited in abstracts. Unlike a body paragraph, the first line of an abstract is not tabbed-in. For many student essays, especially in lower-numbers courses, an abstract will not be required; still, it is good to practice this skill.
Title of Assignment
In APA style, the introduction of the essay should begin here, followed by the body paragraphs. APA is typically a more formal style than most students are accustomed to using in a writing course. For the purposes of this course, the level of formality should be based on the assignment. For example: APA asks that students always write in third person (avoiding words such as I, me, we, our(s), you, your(s), etc). Certain rhetorical modes, however, don’t cater well to third person (narrative and reflection writing are two such examples). In these situations, first person (I, me, we, our(s)) may be, and should be employed; second person (you, your(s)) should be avoided in all academic writing unless an essay is specifically designed to relay instructions (there are few assignments that will employ second person).
Like any essay, students should make sure their essays are formatted with one-inch margins, with their text exclusively in Times New Roman 12-point font, and students should double space their lines. This document can be downloaded and used as a template wherein students may simply replace names, titles, dates, and so on with their own information.
The final page of this document will demonstrate a References page. If a student uses information from any source, that source must be identified within the text and listed on a References page. These citations should be listed in alphabetical order and, opposite to the way a normal paragraph works, the first line should be flush left and each following line should be tabbed in. Though there is really no substitute for a good APA Style Manual, students can refer to a citation generator such as http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-book to ensure proper formatting. Any further questions should be direc ...
I also have another version of APA citation guide here: http://www.slideshare.net/littlenotestoshare/apa-style-citation-guide-samples go take a look and see which one suits you the most :)
Write a 3-5 page paper in which you1. Candidly assess yourself .docxericbrooks84875
Write a 3-5 page paper in which you:
1. Candidly assess yourself on each of Jack Welch's 4 Es and 1P, including your strengths,
weaknesses, and what you can do to improve.
2. Provide examples of occasions during your career when you demonstrated your strengths and
when your weaknesses came into play.
Your assignment should adhere to these guidelines:
Write in a logical, well-organized, conventional business style. Use Times New Roman font size
12 or similar, double space, and leave ample white space per page.
All references must follow JWMI style guide and works must be cited appropriately. Check with
your professor for any additional instructions on citations.
On the first page or in a header, include the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the
professor’s name, the course title, and the date. Reference pages are not included in the
assignment page length.
Faculty have discretion to penalize for assignments over or under the assignment guidelines.
Check with your individual professor if you feel the assignment requires a much longer or shorter
treatment than recommended.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and
language and writing skills, using the following rubric.
1
Note to students: This is an example of a paper formatted to generally align with APA manuscript standards. It is offered as one example approach to formatting professional papers. Other formatting conventions are also acceptable. The point is for you to follow a manuscript format that is consistent and professional. The JWMI intends for you to focus on learning course topics rather than being preoccupied with manuscript formatting details. Having a template to follow should make formatting your papers easier.
Title of Paper
Author’s Name
Jack Welch Management Institute
Professor’s Name
Course Number
Date
Abstract
Following generally accepted rules for preparing manuscripts will help students confidently structure professional papers. This manuscript provides a basic layout for students to apply in this program and in their professional writing. The approach is based upon the sixth edition of the APA guidelines (2009). The topics of general formatting, the introduction, section headings, quotations, citations, conclusion, and references are discussed. The APA guidelines define an abstract as a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief summary of the paper, such as this abstract. The total length should not exceed 120 words, with each sentence written concisely.
Introduction
Learning to write in a recognized
professional format, such as APA, will help students achieve effective academic and professional writing. Using an established manuscript format is more efficient for the author and the reader, leading to more effective communication. According to a College Board (2004) su.
1
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
APA
GUIDE TO WRITING RESEARCH
PAPERS
How to Write a Research Paper
MONROE COLLEGE LIBRARY
Revised Sixth Edition
2
Glossary
Citation is the proper format of your sources information that belong on your Reference
page.
et al: In Latin means “and others” it’s used especially in referring to academic books or
articles that have more than one author.
Hanging Indent: All lines after the first line of each citation on your reference page should
be indented one-half inch from the left margin.
An in-text citation provides the information (quote/paraphrase) from a source in the body
of your paper.
Paraphrase: Where you rewrite part or all of someone else’s idea/information in your own
words.
Quote: If you copy word for word (verbatim) information from a source you must put the
information in “ ” (quotation marks).
A Reference(s) page is the last page of your paper where all the sources you have cited in
your paper are listed.
A source is the book/article/etc. you have used to help create your paper.
URL: Uniform (or Universal) Resource Locator is the address of the web page.
A Webpage is a single page that contains information on a topic.
A Website has a number of webpages that are connected by links.
A research paper requires time spent investigating and evaluating sources with the intent to offer
interpretations of the texts and a unique perspective on the topic at hand. It is the final product of the
following:
Research
Source evaluation
Critical thinking
Organization
Composition
Avoiding plagiarism
RESEARCH
Primary Sources are:
Diaries and autobiographies
Letters, historical documents, speeches and oral histories
Eye-witness accounts from newspapers
Raw data from questionnaires or interviews
Observations or experiments
Secondary Sources are:
Criticism
Biographies
Historical Analysis
Articles and case studies
3
SOURCE EVALUATION
Is the source useful?
Is it current?
Is it from a well-respected source?
Is the research up to date?
Take notes:
Summarize briefly restate in your own words the main ideas of the passage or article.
Paraphrase restate in your own word, in detail, the key ideas of the source.
Quoting use the source’s unique words surrounded by quote marks, “ ”, and record the source
and page.
Note down the information you will need for the MLA/APA citation.
Assemble a working bibliography: start a list of your sources that includes the title, author,
publication information and date for each source.
CRITICAL THINKING
Evaluate and interpret the ideas explored in sources and convey ideas of your own.
Synthesize sources: make sense of your sources by integrating information from two or more
sources to show how the ideas are similar or different.
Fine-tune your thesis or topic.
ORGANIZATIO.
Running head 2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS FUNDING THE RAILROADS 1 .docxtoddr4
Running head: 2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS: FUNDING THE RAILROADS 1
2.3 - Case Analysis: Funding the Railroads
Susan A. Student
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS: FUNDING THE RAILROADS
2
Abstract
Funding the Transcontinental Railroad in the 19th century was a major issue for the United States
Government. There were several possible courses of action. Two of these are included here as
well as the problems and advantages of each. In conclusion, the rationale for government funding
is presented.
Keywords: railroads, intercontinental, funding, entrepreneur
2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS: FUNDING THE RAILROADS
3
2.3 - Case Analysis: Funding the Railroads
I. Summary
The speculative benefits of a transcontinental railroad were easy enough to articulate:
there was fertile land out west for migrants to farm, gold and silver to be mined in California,
and of course it was a matter of national pride (Ambrose, 2000). According to Ambrose (2000),
the whole country was clamoring for it to be done, yet few were crazy enough to invest as “the
risks of financial failure and ruin were huge” (Union Pacific, n.d. para. 3). Ultimately, funding
was provided by the United States government via the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862, “mostly in
the form of land grants to the railroads; the railroads would sell the unused land to fund the
construction” (Ambrose, 2000, p. 47). Much of the land was all but worthless at the time, but it
was assumed that as transportation cost were reduced, the land would become more valuable
(Garrison & Levinson, 2014; Ambrose, 2000).
II. Problem
The problem is multifaceted. Unfortunately for the railroad companies, they could not
sell most of the land until after the railroad was built, and they could not build the railroad
without the proceeds of the land sales (Ambrose, 2000). Some relief came with the Pacific
Railroad Act of 1864 which doubled land grants and (more importantly) provided the ability to
borrow against the land grants by issuing bonds (Union Pacific, n.d.). However, even with
doubled bonds and the ability to borrow against them, the transcontinental railroad had major
financing difficulties (Ambrose, 2000; Union Pacific, n.d.).
On the other hand, Illinois representative E.B. Washburn (as quoted in Ambrose, 2000)
called the 1864 bill “the most monstrous and flagrant attempt to overreach the government and
2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS: FUNDING THE RAILROADS
4
the people…” (p. 94), charging that the Wall Street elites pushing for funding were only out to
profit off the public (Ambrose, 2000). Eglin Air Force Base Archaeologist Benjamin Aubuchon
(personal communication, August 17, 2016) affirms that while the Pacific Railroad Acts were
instrumental in building the transcontinental railroad, many railroad corporations in the
Southeastern U.S. were formed with no intention of following through.
Running head 50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 1 .docxtoddr4
Running head: 50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 1
Title of Paper (up to 12 words)
Your Name, Including Middle Initial
School
50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 2
Abstract
A concise summary of each section of your paper, using up to 250 words. Note that you do not
indent the first line.
50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 3
Title of Paper
Your first paragraph (or two) should be an introduction to the broad topic of your paper.
Many people write the introduction after writing the rest of the paper! Information in your
introduction should provide a foundation for the hypotheses of your experiment. In your
introduction, your goal is to convince readers that your research topic is (a) interesting and (b)
important. You may choose to begin your paper with a story, quotation, or relevant statistics
about your topic. You can think of your paper as a story about your dependent variable.
You generally will present broad background information about the topic in the first
paragraph of so. You will include at least two sections in the body of your paper. You will
summarize relevant information from prior research studies in the first section, which we refer to
as the “literature review” portion of a paper. You will present your detailed research proposal in
the second section (details are provided below). Some overall formatting rules to keep in mind
are: (a) use Times New Roman font, size 12; and (b) double-space the entire paper.
Information about the Literature-review Section
Content. In the first section of your paper, you should provide a literature review of prior
research and theory that relates to your experiment. The information you present should be from
diverse sources (e.g., journal articles, book chapters, web sites). Make sure it is clear to the
reader how information is related to your experimental hypotheses or procedure. So, if you are
using their method, then talk about their method; if they found similar results, talk about their
results; if they operationally defined their DV like you want to, then talk about that, etc. To make
this section of your paper effective, you should explicitly relate information from various sources
to each other and to your proposed research. After you discuss past research, you should make it
50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 4
clear how your study is the next logical one, that your study improves upon past studies, that
your study fills obvious holes left by the others.
Citation of sources. You should cite references throughout the body of your paper.
There are two ways to cite a source. The authors can be listed in the sentence, with the year in
parentheses: “The Davis (2001) web site presents information about American Psychological
Association (APA) style rules.” Alternatively, the citation can be entirely in parentheses: “The
web site presents information about American Psychological Association (A.
More Related Content
Similar to Running head TITLE OF ESSAY1TITLE OF ESSAY 2Title .docx
This presentation will provide you the basic information on the APA Formatting and Style Guide. The following are the basic information that includes in this presentation:
1) Point of View, Voice, & Language
2) Type of APA Papers
3) General APA Format
4) References & Citations
5) Headings, Tables & Figures
Running head SHORT TITLE1SHORT TITLE 7Please delete .docxSUBHI7
Running head: SHORT TITLE 1
SHORT TITLE 7
Please delete this link after you have watched the video. The video provides you with guidance on how to design your own APA Assignment Template. Please look at the video below. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pbUoNa5tyY
Do not copy and paste from this template, rather change the content to your own assignment and keep use the same template or use the YouTube tutorial to design your own blank assignment template. Please do not loose points unnecessarily for not complying with APA format.
Position paper title
Student Name
Educational Institution
Abstract
Abstracts are research tools that can help you readers determine if the scope of your article/essay will help them in their own research. In APA, abstracts are typically 150-250 words in length and provide an evaluative summary of the essay to follow. The personal opinion of the author is strictly prohibited in abstracts. Unlike a body paragraph, the first line of an abstract is not tabbed-in. For many student essays, especially in lower-numbers courses, an abstract will not be required; still, it is good to practice this skill.
Title of Assignment
In APA style, the introduction of the essay should begin here, followed by the body paragraphs. APA is typically a more formal style than most students are accustomed to using in a writing course. For the purposes of this course, the level of formality should be based on the assignment. For example: APA asks that students always write in third person (avoiding words such as I, me, we, our(s), you, your(s), etc). Certain rhetorical modes, however, don’t cater well to third person (narrative and reflection writing are two such examples). In these situations, first person (I, me, we, our(s)) may be, and should be employed; second person (you, your(s)) should be avoided in all academic writing unless an essay is specifically designed to relay instructions (there are few assignments that will employ second person).
Like any essay, students should make sure their essays are formatted with one-inch margins, with their text exclusively in Times New Roman 12-point font, and students should double space their lines. This document can be downloaded and used as a template wherein students may simply replace names, titles, dates, and so on with their own information.
The final page of this document will demonstrate a References page. If a student uses information from any source, that source must be identified within the text and listed on a References page. These citations should be listed in alphabetical order and, opposite to the way a normal paragraph works, the first line should be flush left and each following line should be tabbed in. Though there is really no substitute for a good APA Style Manual, students can refer to a citation generator such as http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-book to ensure proper formatting. Any further questions should be direc ...
I also have another version of APA citation guide here: http://www.slideshare.net/littlenotestoshare/apa-style-citation-guide-samples go take a look and see which one suits you the most :)
Write a 3-5 page paper in which you1. Candidly assess yourself .docxericbrooks84875
Write a 3-5 page paper in which you:
1. Candidly assess yourself on each of Jack Welch's 4 Es and 1P, including your strengths,
weaknesses, and what you can do to improve.
2. Provide examples of occasions during your career when you demonstrated your strengths and
when your weaknesses came into play.
Your assignment should adhere to these guidelines:
Write in a logical, well-organized, conventional business style. Use Times New Roman font size
12 or similar, double space, and leave ample white space per page.
All references must follow JWMI style guide and works must be cited appropriately. Check with
your professor for any additional instructions on citations.
On the first page or in a header, include the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the
professor’s name, the course title, and the date. Reference pages are not included in the
assignment page length.
Faculty have discretion to penalize for assignments over or under the assignment guidelines.
Check with your individual professor if you feel the assignment requires a much longer or shorter
treatment than recommended.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and
language and writing skills, using the following rubric.
1
Note to students: This is an example of a paper formatted to generally align with APA manuscript standards. It is offered as one example approach to formatting professional papers. Other formatting conventions are also acceptable. The point is for you to follow a manuscript format that is consistent and professional. The JWMI intends for you to focus on learning course topics rather than being preoccupied with manuscript formatting details. Having a template to follow should make formatting your papers easier.
Title of Paper
Author’s Name
Jack Welch Management Institute
Professor’s Name
Course Number
Date
Abstract
Following generally accepted rules for preparing manuscripts will help students confidently structure professional papers. This manuscript provides a basic layout for students to apply in this program and in their professional writing. The approach is based upon the sixth edition of the APA guidelines (2009). The topics of general formatting, the introduction, section headings, quotations, citations, conclusion, and references are discussed. The APA guidelines define an abstract as a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief summary of the paper, such as this abstract. The total length should not exceed 120 words, with each sentence written concisely.
Introduction
Learning to write in a recognized
professional format, such as APA, will help students achieve effective academic and professional writing. Using an established manuscript format is more efficient for the author and the reader, leading to more effective communication. According to a College Board (2004) su.
1
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
APA
GUIDE TO WRITING RESEARCH
PAPERS
How to Write a Research Paper
MONROE COLLEGE LIBRARY
Revised Sixth Edition
2
Glossary
Citation is the proper format of your sources information that belong on your Reference
page.
et al: In Latin means “and others” it’s used especially in referring to academic books or
articles that have more than one author.
Hanging Indent: All lines after the first line of each citation on your reference page should
be indented one-half inch from the left margin.
An in-text citation provides the information (quote/paraphrase) from a source in the body
of your paper.
Paraphrase: Where you rewrite part or all of someone else’s idea/information in your own
words.
Quote: If you copy word for word (verbatim) information from a source you must put the
information in “ ” (quotation marks).
A Reference(s) page is the last page of your paper where all the sources you have cited in
your paper are listed.
A source is the book/article/etc. you have used to help create your paper.
URL: Uniform (or Universal) Resource Locator is the address of the web page.
A Webpage is a single page that contains information on a topic.
A Website has a number of webpages that are connected by links.
A research paper requires time spent investigating and evaluating sources with the intent to offer
interpretations of the texts and a unique perspective on the topic at hand. It is the final product of the
following:
Research
Source evaluation
Critical thinking
Organization
Composition
Avoiding plagiarism
RESEARCH
Primary Sources are:
Diaries and autobiographies
Letters, historical documents, speeches and oral histories
Eye-witness accounts from newspapers
Raw data from questionnaires or interviews
Observations or experiments
Secondary Sources are:
Criticism
Biographies
Historical Analysis
Articles and case studies
3
SOURCE EVALUATION
Is the source useful?
Is it current?
Is it from a well-respected source?
Is the research up to date?
Take notes:
Summarize briefly restate in your own words the main ideas of the passage or article.
Paraphrase restate in your own word, in detail, the key ideas of the source.
Quoting use the source’s unique words surrounded by quote marks, “ ”, and record the source
and page.
Note down the information you will need for the MLA/APA citation.
Assemble a working bibliography: start a list of your sources that includes the title, author,
publication information and date for each source.
CRITICAL THINKING
Evaluate and interpret the ideas explored in sources and convey ideas of your own.
Synthesize sources: make sense of your sources by integrating information from two or more
sources to show how the ideas are similar or different.
Fine-tune your thesis or topic.
ORGANIZATIO.
Running head 2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS FUNDING THE RAILROADS 1 .docxtoddr4
Running head: 2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS: FUNDING THE RAILROADS 1
2.3 - Case Analysis: Funding the Railroads
Susan A. Student
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS: FUNDING THE RAILROADS
2
Abstract
Funding the Transcontinental Railroad in the 19th century was a major issue for the United States
Government. There were several possible courses of action. Two of these are included here as
well as the problems and advantages of each. In conclusion, the rationale for government funding
is presented.
Keywords: railroads, intercontinental, funding, entrepreneur
2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS: FUNDING THE RAILROADS
3
2.3 - Case Analysis: Funding the Railroads
I. Summary
The speculative benefits of a transcontinental railroad were easy enough to articulate:
there was fertile land out west for migrants to farm, gold and silver to be mined in California,
and of course it was a matter of national pride (Ambrose, 2000). According to Ambrose (2000),
the whole country was clamoring for it to be done, yet few were crazy enough to invest as “the
risks of financial failure and ruin were huge” (Union Pacific, n.d. para. 3). Ultimately, funding
was provided by the United States government via the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862, “mostly in
the form of land grants to the railroads; the railroads would sell the unused land to fund the
construction” (Ambrose, 2000, p. 47). Much of the land was all but worthless at the time, but it
was assumed that as transportation cost were reduced, the land would become more valuable
(Garrison & Levinson, 2014; Ambrose, 2000).
II. Problem
The problem is multifaceted. Unfortunately for the railroad companies, they could not
sell most of the land until after the railroad was built, and they could not build the railroad
without the proceeds of the land sales (Ambrose, 2000). Some relief came with the Pacific
Railroad Act of 1864 which doubled land grants and (more importantly) provided the ability to
borrow against the land grants by issuing bonds (Union Pacific, n.d.). However, even with
doubled bonds and the ability to borrow against them, the transcontinental railroad had major
financing difficulties (Ambrose, 2000; Union Pacific, n.d.).
On the other hand, Illinois representative E.B. Washburn (as quoted in Ambrose, 2000)
called the 1864 bill “the most monstrous and flagrant attempt to overreach the government and
2.3 - CASE ANALYSIS: FUNDING THE RAILROADS
4
the people…” (p. 94), charging that the Wall Street elites pushing for funding were only out to
profit off the public (Ambrose, 2000). Eglin Air Force Base Archaeologist Benjamin Aubuchon
(personal communication, August 17, 2016) affirms that while the Pacific Railroad Acts were
instrumental in building the transcontinental railroad, many railroad corporations in the
Southeastern U.S. were formed with no intention of following through.
Running head 50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 1 .docxtoddr4
Running head: 50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 1
Title of Paper (up to 12 words)
Your Name, Including Middle Initial
School
50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 2
Abstract
A concise summary of each section of your paper, using up to 250 words. Note that you do not
indent the first line.
50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 3
Title of Paper
Your first paragraph (or two) should be an introduction to the broad topic of your paper.
Many people write the introduction after writing the rest of the paper! Information in your
introduction should provide a foundation for the hypotheses of your experiment. In your
introduction, your goal is to convince readers that your research topic is (a) interesting and (b)
important. You may choose to begin your paper with a story, quotation, or relevant statistics
about your topic. You can think of your paper as a story about your dependent variable.
You generally will present broad background information about the topic in the first
paragraph of so. You will include at least two sections in the body of your paper. You will
summarize relevant information from prior research studies in the first section, which we refer to
as the “literature review” portion of a paper. You will present your detailed research proposal in
the second section (details are provided below). Some overall formatting rules to keep in mind
are: (a) use Times New Roman font, size 12; and (b) double-space the entire paper.
Information about the Literature-review Section
Content. In the first section of your paper, you should provide a literature review of prior
research and theory that relates to your experiment. The information you present should be from
diverse sources (e.g., journal articles, book chapters, web sites). Make sure it is clear to the
reader how information is related to your experimental hypotheses or procedure. So, if you are
using their method, then talk about their method; if they found similar results, talk about their
results; if they operationally defined their DV like you want to, then talk about that, etc. To make
this section of your paper effective, you should explicitly relate information from various sources
to each other and to your proposed research. After you discuss past research, you should make it
50 CHARACTER VERSION OF TITLE IN CAPS 4
clear how your study is the next logical one, that your study improves upon past studies, that
your study fills obvious holes left by the others.
Citation of sources. You should cite references throughout the body of your paper.
There are two ways to cite a source. The authors can be listed in the sentence, with the year in
parentheses: “The Davis (2001) web site presents information about American Psychological
Association (APA) style rules.” Alternatively, the citation can be entirely in parentheses: “The
web site presents information about American Psychological Association (A.
Running Head YOUTH IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMYOUTH IN TH.docxtoddr4
Running Head: YOUTH IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
YOUTH IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 2
Introduction
Biblical point of view relies on the scriptures of God. The bible is a Christian holy book that gives the moral compass for what Christians engage in, whether in action or utterances. Through modern technologies and other methods, the secularized view of the criminal justice system in America has been influenced by the biblical concept.
Gaps and Omissions
Comprehending juvenile criminal justice, according to the biblical worldview, is to understand the leading cause of crime and human iniquities. Sin is a component of a biblical worldview. All crimes are treated as a sin, but not all sins are viewed as crimes. The juvenile criminal justice system would not exist if there were no crimes (Laurence, 2012). According to sinful human nature, crime always exists; hence the juvenile criminal justice system should be established to help in curbing crime.
The literature is mainly focused on the need to have a separate criminal justice system for juveniles but does not justify the punishment that juveniles ought to receive for crimes they commit. The literature gives detailed views on the topic, but it fails to conclusively articulate what should be done to reprimand crimes committed by youth. The bible is the book of Deuteronomy chapter 16:19 “do not pervert justice or show partiality ...” God is expecting impartiality those who serve distributive justice regardless of age, social status, or gender.
The biblical aim of justice is restoration, as illustrated in the stories such as Jacob and Esau. Human beings are equal in the eyes of the lord, meaning that justice has to be severed equally, although the literature focuses on separate justice for juveniles and adults. God created all human beings with equal value, but the literature seems to favor and try to treat juveniles who have committed similar crimes with adults differently. The literature does not mention that committing crimes against other people is committing a crime against God’s greatest creation.
Biblical Integration
Today youth are facing various risks of being involved in many forms of crimes that end up exposing them to the criminal justice system. Therefore, Christian adults are called upon to guide and bring significant transformation in the lives of the youth. Christians are called upon by God to exhibit unconditional love for juveniles. The church should advocate for fairness and justice for the young. Although some youth have a criminal record, the juvenile justice system's main goal should be to rehabilitate them. These youth can learn and grow from their mistakes. For Christians to create a just society, they should always restore a convicted offender back to society so that they can be integrat.
Running head TITLE1TITLE2Research QuestionHow doe.docxtoddr4
Running head: TITLE 1
TITLE 2
Research Question:
How does critical thinking help in the development of information literacy among youths?
.
Scholarly Article 1
Reference:
Abunadi, I. (2018). A Technology-Dependent Information Literacy Model within the Confines of a Limited Resources Environment. Information Technology & Libraries, 37(4), 119. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=133718516&site=eds-live&scope=site
Annotation: Write annotation in two paragraphs using your own words about the scholarly article above. I have provided the questions you should be answering.
Paragraph 1: Summarize
· What kind of source is this?
· What is the thesis or main claim of the source?
· What evidence or claims does the source present in support of the thesis? Present at least two examples of support the source uses.
· What other important claims does the source make?
Paragraph 2: Evaluate
· How adequately does the source support its thesis?
· How current is the information in the source relative to your research question?
· How credible and authoritative is the source for your research question?
· What limitations, if any, did you note in the source?
· How does the source help answer your research question?
Scholarly Article 2
Reference:
Rivano Eckerdal, J. (2017). Libraries, democracy, information literacy, and citizenship. Journal of Documentation, 73(5), 1010. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=125679440&site=eds-live&scope=site
Annotation:
Write annotation in two paragraphs using your own words about the scholarly article 2 above. I have provided the questions you should be answering.
Paragraph 1: Summarize
· What kind of source is this?
· What is the thesis or main claim of the source?
· What evidence or claims does the source present in support of the thesis? Present at least two examples of support the source uses.
· What other important claims does the source make?
Paragraph 2: Evaluate
· How adequately does the source support its thesis?
· How current is the information in the source relative to your research question?
· How credible and authoritative is the source for your research question?
· What limitations, if any, did you note in the source?
· How does the source help answer your research question?
EBook
Reference:
Crawford, J., & Irving, C. (2013). Information literacy and lifelong learning : Policy issues, the workplace, health and public libraries. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.proxy-library.ashford.edu
Annotation:
Write annotation in two paragraphs using your own words about the ebook above. I have provided the questions you should be answering.
Paragraph 1: Summarize
· What kind of source is this?
· What is the thesis or main claim of the source?
· What evidence or claims does the source present in support of the thesis? Present at least two examples of support the sourc.
Running Head VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT1VULNERABILITY ASSESSMEN.docxtoddr4
Running Head: VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT 1
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT 2
Jane Q. Student
(Submission Date)
CJMS 630 90XX
Seminar in Security Management (2XXX)
Vulnerability Assessment: Era Church, City, State
Site Selection and Rationale
This vulnerability assessment was conducted at Era Church (“Era”), 429 State Street, City, State 90909, on the dates of September 25 - 28, 2017, and was followed up with subsequent interviews of relevant church personnel. The site was chosen for multiple reasons including the potential for a violent incident such as a mass shooting, and the potential for fraud or other financial crime. A vulnerability is defined as “weakness[ ] or gap[ ] in a security program that can be exploited by threats to gain unauthorized access to an asset” (Threat Analysis Group, 2017). Threats are events or persons, such as a natural disaster, fire, criminal act, or terrorist incident, that can exploit a vulnerability (Threat Analysis Group, 2017). A vulnerability assessment “evaluates all opportunities that may be exploited by a threat” and through a detailed process identifies areas where vulnerabilities can be mitigated to lower the risk (DiMarino, 2017). Risk is defined as “the potential for loss, damage or destruction of an asset as a result of a threat exploiting a vulnerability” (Threat Analysis Group, 2017). The vulnerability assessment at Era Church covers multiple areas to include physical, operational, technological, and financial vulnerabilities. While Era has taken measures to mitigate vulnerabilities, there are some recommendations in each area that could further mitigate risk.
Religion is a contentious and polarizing topic in the United States, which makes churches prime targets for groups or individuals who want to make a statement. Perhaps the most infamous church shooting in recent memory is when white supremacist Dylann Roof shot and killed nine African-American church members of Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, SC, on June 17, 2015 (Blinder & Sack, 2017). Roof brought a .45-caliber semiautomatic handgun into the church in a waist pouch, and attended the Bible study for approximately 40 minutes before he shot and killed the members using seven magazines and over 70 rounds (Blinder & Sack, 2017). This incident is just one of many violent incidents at places of worship. There is no sure-fire way to completely avoid incidents such as this shooting, but there are steps that can be taken to help minimize or avoid a large-scale incident.
In addition to the threat of violence, churches are also prime targets for fraud, both from internal and external threats. For instance, the Center for the Study of Global Christianity reports that in 2014 churches lost an estimated $39 billion to internal financial fraud (Thomason, 2016). Theft and embezzlement of church funds are two significant risks faced by faith-based institutions. (Thomason, 2016). In addition to an ins.
Running head STARBUCKS’ STRATEGY 1 Starbuc.docxtoddr4
Running head: STARBUCKS’ STRATEGY 1
Starbucks’ Strategy
Your Name
Course Name; Number
Dr. Laura Jones
University Name
Date Submitted
STARBUCKS’ STRATEGY 2
Starbucks’ Strategy
Place the title of the paper on the first line. Tab to the .5-inch mark to begin your
introductory paragraph. To develop an introduction, begin with some interesting facts about the
topic and then narrow the focus to the specific topics for discussion. This could include an
overview of the company. An overview could include, but not limited to the products or services
the company offers, the company size, customers, and the countries in which the company
operates. Include relevant information about the CEO. Include in-text citations to support the
information you present in the paper. An example of an in-text citation that you place at the end
of the information you paraphrased is (Boone, 2012). The introduction should include a thesis
statement and succinctly describe the order in which you organize the body of the paper. Please
provide in-text citations for the information you provide.
Elements of Starbucks’ Organizational Culture
Chapter 3 provides a discussion on different types of organizational cultures. Clearly
discuss the organizational culture for this company. Be sure to identify the specific type of
organizational culture. Provide in-text citations for the information presented in the paper.
Another approach to using in-text citation is to include the citation at the beginning of the
sentence as follows: According to Boone (2012), then present the information. Please note the
above heading is bold and the major words begin with capital letters.
Suggest some key elements of the company’s organizational culture that contribute to its
success in a global economy. Review the elements discussed at the two levels of a corporate
culture shown in Exhibit 3.6. Clearly link those key elements to the global success of the
company.
STARBUCKS’ STRATEGY 3
Consider Exhibit 4.4: Key factors in the International Environment, in making the link.
Provide in-text citations for the information presented in the paper. If there are two authors for
the source you are using, an example of the in-text citation that comes at the end of the
information you paraphrased is as follows: (Boone & Kurtz 2012).
Suggest as many key elements of the company’s organizational culture you believe
contribute to its success in a global economy. Clearly discuss the ways in which each element
contributes to the success.
Management’s Role in the Organizational Culture
Indicate the management role with creating and sustaining the organizational culture.
Exhibit 1.7 lists ten managerial roles and activities involve in management. Clearly link activities
within the management’s role to relevant aspects of creating and sustaining the organizational
culture. Provide in-text .
Running head SHORTENED VERSION OF TITLE1Title of Your Rese.docxtoddr4
Running head: SHORTENED VERSION OF TITLE
1
Title of Your Research Study
Author(s) First, Middle Initial (if applicable) and Last Name(s) in Starting with the
Individual who Made the Biggest Contribution (not alphabetical)
Institutional Affiliation(s)
Author Note
The author note is typically used in manuscripts that will be submitted for publication. The author note may provide additional information regarding the affiliations of the authors. It is also used to acknowledge those who contributed to the study, but not at the level of authorship. Lastly, the author note typically includes contact information for at least one author (see APA guide p. 24, section 2.03 & sample paper on p. 41.)
Remember to format the author note using block format (no indents, left or right justification).
Abstract
The abstract is a brief (usually 100-150 words) summary of your experiment. What was your question? What did you do? What did you find? What is your conclusion/interpretation? Try taking the lead sentence or two (but not word-for-word) from your introduction, results and discussion and integrate them into your abstract. Additionally, add a sentence or two describing your procedure, especially if it differs from those typically used to study the phenomenon.
The abstract is page two. Nothing goes on this page except the abstract. Center the word "Abstract" on the page and format in bold-face type. Do not put the title of your paper on this page. Begin typing the abstract on the line directly below the heading.
Notice that the abstract is not indented, and is written in block format. It is also double-spaced. Typically, the abstract is one paragraph in length.
Keywords: type a few words (or phrases) that would be useful if someone was searching for a study similar to this one. For example, if you studied reaction time in a card sorting task your key words might be “card sorting,” “response time” and decision making. (Note: the word “keyword” is italicized and indented.)
Title
On the third page, you typically begin your introduction. Notice that the word "INTRODUCTION" does not appear at the top of the page as many of the other headings do. The title used is the same one that appears on the cover page.
The first paragraph should contain a description of the phenomena that you are studying. Make a general statement about the phenomenon and how it is typically measured. Also, talk about how one might manipulate or influence the outcome (i.e, what variables could potentially influence the results).
Subsequent research should describe previous research that examined the phenomena. These studies serve to provide the rationale for your study. What did the researchers do? What did they find? What did they conclude?
Do this for each study cited. Typically, one or more paragraphs are necessary to explain each study. Try to make the transition smooth from one paragraph to the next. Use transition words (see SIGNAL WORDS hand.
Running Head: THEMATIC OUTLINE 1
Thematic Outline
Your Name
Institution
Exploring Research
Professor
Date
THEMATIC OUTLINE 2
Abstract
This thematic outline is designed to…………….
*Don’t forget to put your Keywords: List just a few keywords.
THEMATIC OUTLINE 3
Article
Theme
1.
A
2.
A, B
3.
D
4.
B
5.
A, D
6.
A, C
7.
B, C
8.
A, B, C
9.
A, B, C, D
10
B, C
THEMATIC OUTLINE 4
Theme
Articles Cited
A-
B-
C-
D-
E-
THEMATIC OUTLINE 5
References
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER 1
Research Paper
Your Name
Institution
Exploring Research
Professor
Date
RESEARCH PAPER 2
Abstract
Do not indent the first line of the Abstract Paragraph. Follow the guidelines in the Sample APA Formatted Abstract t.
· Keywords: Don’t forget to include the Keywords at the bottom of the Abstract.
RESEARCH PAPER 3
RESEARCH PAPER 4
.
Running head: TOPIC RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1
TOPIC RESEARCH PROPOSAL 3
Topic Research Proposal
Insert the Student’s Name
Instructor’s Name
Course
Date
Section 1: Topic/Central Idea
The key emphasis or the central idea lies on persuasion of people to participate in tree planting exercise in the United States. Tree planting has been emphasized by many governmental and non-governmental organizations in the United States and even outside the country. Planting of tress has many benefits both to the human beings and the environment. The general purpose is to persuade and motivate people to take part during the tree planting day in the United States. The specific purpose is to ensure that people are aware about the importance of tree planting. The central idea is to ensure that people are aware with the benefits which come with tree planting.
Section 2: Annotated Bibliography
· Nguyen, Nowak, D. J., Hirabayashi, S., Bodine, A., & Greenfield, E. (2014). Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States. Environmental pollution, 193, 119-129.
This particular presents unbiased information regarding tree planting. The authors found out that tress had some positive effect on quality of air. The data from the targeted individuals was taken. In this particular manner, biases were removed. The article was published in 2010 therefore it is up to date. The data was collected using various instruments of data collection. The researchers conducted various scientific studies and the data was obtained from the field. The data was therefore collected from primary sources. This particular article highlights the importance of tress. It will therefore be useful in my speech since it contains valuable information.
· Pincetl, S. (2010). Implementing municipal tree planting: Los Angeles million-tree initiative. Environmental management, 45(2), 227-238.
The key message in this particular revolves around implementation of Municipal tree planting policy in Los Angeles. (Pincetl, 2010) examined the initiative which was aimed at planting about a million tress in Los Angeles. The article is not biased because it involved conducting empirical study. The author is well conversant with the tree planting initiatives. The data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The article is up to date on the issues of tree planting. The purpose of this article is to keep the reader well informed on the tree planting initiatives. This information will be useful in my speech because it outlines an example of an initiative of tree planting.
Section 3: Talking with the audience
There are various considerations I will need to make with regard to my topic and evidence to connect with my audience. I will demonstrate to them and table evidence of benefits of tree planting. I will also.
Running Head: VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION 1
VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION 3
Virtual Organization
Institution
Professor
Course
Date
Virtual organizations refer to organizations whose employees are geographically spread and connect through phone, internet or email (Hebert, 2017). The concept of a virtual organization utilizes technology from a management perspective in which employees engage in different tasks to achieve the organization’s objectives. There are various benefits associated with virtual organizations. First, the owner of the business incurs lower overhead costs because a virtual organization needs no office space, furniture or paying for utilities (Shamsuzzoha & Helo, 2017). For example, an online education business only needs tutors and students. Secondly, employees are more satisfied due to the comfort of working from their own houses, for instance, tutors in a virtual institution can lecture students at the comfort of their homes. Lastly, the owner of the business can expand the business without having to worry about moving the many employees to a larger office.
However, a virtual organization is prone to many risks that hinder its effectiveness in terms of achieving its objectives. One of the risks is lack of cohesiveness in the organization. This is brought by the fact that the employees are spread and thus difficult to call for an emergency meeting in case an urgent need arises (Wohlers & Hertel, 2017). Secondly, there is a risk to reputation for customers may not perceive a virtual organization as a real company. Lastly, lack of social interaction discourages teamwork. Despite all these, there are various opportunities associated with virtual organizations such as the opportunity to reach the vast majority of the customers as well as an opportunity to change the strategy used by the business easily and for less cost.
References
Hebert, J. L. (2017). The Identification of Leadership Competencies within a Global Virtual Organization (Doctoral dissertation, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology).
Shamsuzzoha, A., & Helo, P. (2017). Virtual supply chain–event handling and risks management in collaborative networks. International Journal of Advanced Logistics, 6(1), 1-13.
Wohlers, C., & Hertel, G. (2017). Choosing where to work at work–towards a theoretical model of benefits and risks of activity-based flexible offices. Ergonomics, 60(4), 467-486.
Friend discussion 1 ( noura)
When independent firms join together and create a network, it is called a virtual organization. Firms with different characters joined temporarily to construct services or products. Virtual organization represent a different organizational form but cannot be considered as a firm's attribute (Cunha & Putnik, 2006). Firms in this type of organization.
Running Head: THE MARKETING PLAN 1
5
Natasha McClarin
October 6, 2018:
INTRODUCTION
Women on the Go is a start-up company that has over many years targeted women who cannot do clothing purchasing. The target is because there are women out there who do not know how to purchase their clothing and accessories. Therefore, assistance will be given by women on the go since that is the main aim of the company. This specific service will be aimed at rich customer who simply do not have much knowledge of the clothing industry and time to visit clothing stores in town. Despite all of these, such kind of people they have social obligation that they are supposed to meet, therefore Women on the go is there for me.
The business model for women on the go is the franchise business model, here the company has reach agreement with other clothing manufacturing companies that we will sell products to women on their behalf. It will be done in a percentage of the invoicing or sometimes a fixed fee depending on the particular agreement. The product line of the company will be women right casual, semi-formal look and gym wear and accessories.
Mission: Traditional, ethnic products creating sustainable employment for craftsmen and
artisans in rural India.
Target Segment: Focusing on women who are in need of dressing assistance for social occasions and are willing to have an organization which can style up their quotient.
Life Style: Affluent women who are rich of upper middle class or who are on business and corporate class.
Age group: 23 years and above
Geography: Anyone with any color, culture or Origin.
Geographical Places: Metros, tier 2 & tier 3 cities.
Product line: Dedication to dress women in formal and semi-formal look, right casual look, teamed with right accessories.
Tag line: Women on the go dresses you up.
Below is a market Research
1. Our company has decided to follow a mixed strategy here by combining both deductive and an inductive approach, using ethnographic research and a case study method.
We have decided that we will study the target section that the company has indicated above by initiating online programs where we will be able to know how many women want to up their dressing style quotient, idea to convert women to be buying our services, this will definitely create an idea in their mind that image and personal branding will make them in profession and person life.
2. We will also conduct online surveys of the targeted group in association with the lead up market brands like Dolce & Gabbana, Gucci and Louis Vuitton. With no doubt is that they will support us since they will be sure to be our future suppliers.
3. We conduct ground discussions with our own sales teams which is down on the market floor of leading garment accessories and shoe brands.
4. We will also have a promotion strategy, where we will be able to sit in promotions with a woman working in.
Running head Project Type Unit 5 Individual Project3Ty.docxtoddr4
Running head: Project Type: Unit 5 Individual Project 3
Type your Name Here
MGMT412 – Project Management
Date of Submission
Unit 5 Individual Project
Introduction
Provide a brief introduction (2-3 sentences) for the purposes of previewing what will be covered. Remember to always indent the first line of a paragraph (use the tab key). The margins, font size, spacing, and font type (italics or plain) are set in APA format. Please do not change the names of the headings and subheadings, and do not change the font or style of font.
(Delete the information provided in the instructions.)
Time Required to Complete Jobs
Mike was hired as a project manager to install hardwood floors for the company Awesome Floor and Tile. They will be installing new flooring into a local office building. Mike comes up with the list of work and estimates the time. A list of activities and their optimistic completion time, the most likely completion time, and the pessimistic completion time (all in days) are estimated in the table.
Activities
OT
MT
PT
Activity 1
2
3
4
Activity 2
3
6
9
Activity 3
4
8
12
Activity 4
6
8
10
Activity 5
8
10
12
Activity 6
10
14
18
Activity 7
4
6
8
Activity 2 starts immediately after Activity 1.
Activity 3, Activity 4, and Activity 5 start concurrently after Activity 2.
Activity 6 does not start until after Activity 3, Activity 4, and Activity 5 are completed.
The carpet installation project is complete after Activity 7 is completed.
Determine and Explain Key Calculations
Determine and explain the expected completion time and the variance for each activity. Determine and explain the total project completion time and the critical path for the project. Determine and explain Early Start (ES), Early Finish (EF), Late Start (LS), and slack for each activity. What is the probability that this project will be finished in 40 days or less?
This should be 1-2 paragraphs in length. (Delete the information provided in the instructions.)
Benefits of Using Project Management Techniques
Define how to gather the project requirements. Analyze whether there are any potential changes that could impact overall project schedule and project finishing times. Explain the best methods for managing the change requests and what kind of process this project should involve. Analyze implications of changes in project scheduling. How do changes impact the calculations and the critical path? Evaluate applications of project management techniques in terms of the firm's business operational goals and requirements.
This should be 2-3 paragraphs in length. (Delete the information provided in the instructions.)
Conclusion
Add some concluding remarks in a sentence or two.
This should be 1-2 sentences. (Delete the information provided in the instructions.)
References
NOTE: The reference list starts on a new page after your conclusion.
(Edit these references, add additional ones you used and delete the references you did not use.)
eBook - AIU Course.
Rubric: Writing Assignment Rubric
Criteria Level 3 Level 2 Level 1
Criterion 1 -
Topic
selection &
approval
(20 pts)
Proposed topic submitted on time and
covered one of the assigned issues:
description of a current issue, its solution, its
economic implications, or impact on
ecosystems.
(20-18 pts)
Proposed topic submitted on time but weak coverage of
the assigned issues: description of a current issue, its
solution, its economic implications, or impact on
ecosystems.
(17-14 pts)
Proposed topic submitted late and/or and weak
coverage of the assigned issues: description of a
current issue, its solution, its economic
implications, or impact on ecosystems.
(13-0 pts)
Criterion 2 -
Scientific
Content and
Synthesis
(100 pts)
Facts, organization, and conclusions follow
a clear, logical sequence that supports the
thesis statement. Citations of scholarly
references support scientific content.
Accurate scientific information. No text has
been copied verbatim without proper source
recognition. Outstanding treatment of
applicable course outcome.
(100-90 pts)
Nearly all directions followed. Although the writing is
essentially well organized, the audience analysis, the
statement of purpose, or the handling of the content is
flawed. Occasional vague wording hinders precise
communication. Contains one to two science content
errors. One to two statements (or significant phrases)
have been copied verbatim without proper source
recognition. Superior treatment of applicable course
outcome.
(89-70 pts)
Unsatisfactory or incorrect content. Many content
errors; content is largely unsupported generalities.
Points are inadequately developed; few specifics.
Poorly organized; difficult to follow. Substantial
text (e.g., more than six statements or significant
phrases) has been copied verbatim without proper
source recognition. Significant overdependence on
one to two references. Did not satisfy applicable
course outcome.
(69-0 pts)
Criterion 3 -
Scholarly
APA
References (40
pts)
All references were in APA-style and were
properly cited using in-text and reference
listings. Used 6 or more references. Many
different, reputable types of references are
used (e.g., textbook, scientific articles,
encyclopedia, reputable Internet sources).
(40-36 pts)
Most references were in APA-style and were properly
cited using in-text and reference listings. Used 3-5
references. Many different, reputable types of
references are used (e.g., textbook, scientific articles,
encyclopedia, reputable Internet sources).
(35-25 pts)
Improper use of APA-style and/or in-text citations.
Used 3 or fewer references and/or consulted
unreliable resources (blogs, Wikipedia, etc.).
(24-0 pts)
Criterion 4 -
Effective
Writing
(30 pts)
No writing or grammatical errors. Words are
chosen and sentences are constructed to
make the information u.
Running Head: ON-BOARDING 1
Running Head: ON-BOARDING 4
On-Boarding
Felicia Griffin
Professor Keith Lipscomb
BUS 325: Global Human Resource Management
February 13, 2019
Onboarding process is a usual process in the recent past in many business organizations. Onboarding seeks to ensure that new employees are easily embedded into the systems as fast as possible. New employees can adjust much more comfortable when they have better employees to ease them in. It helps new employee recruits to adjust to the social and performances. It is mainly aimed at maximizing success. Various vital steps need to be followed in ensuring that new recruits are effectively realigned into the organizational structure.
This is an essential procedure in organizational performances it ensures that new recruits take the shortest time possible to settle and establish better relations with other employees. It is the best way that a business organization can ensure that new recruits concentrate on the primary purpose of the organization rather than focus on how they can settle in their new working environment and social environment.
The onboarding process is an exceptionally chronological process where a beginner follows a given order of events in the organization. The first step is to study the new employee characteristics. It involves understanding their character and their ability to be integrated into the company operations smoothly. This process is very significant because the company can know quite earlier the behavioral adjustment that a given new employee can make to become successful.
The next step in the process is the deployment of newcomer tactics. Within this stage, the new employee develops a relationship with the existing employees within the organization to have a conducive business environment. The next step in the onboarding process is the readjustment of new employee tactics and behavior to conform to organizational culture and be in a position to work effectively towards the achievement of the set organizational goals.
One of the most critical elements of onboarding in a global environment is studying and understanding the characteristics of the new hire to be in a position to know how easy the new recruit will be able to adjust to the organizational culture and its operations. Another vital element in onboarding is the creation of an understanding between new recruits and the already existing employees within the organization to formulate a formidable team that can propel the organization to new heights.
References
Carter, T. (2015). Hire right: the first time: how to improve your recruitment & onboarding process. Journal of Property Management, 80(3), 26-30.
Stephenson, J. (2015). Improve Your Employee Onboarding Process With Seven Storytelling T.
Running head PERSPECTIVE ON INTEGRATION BETWEEN CHRISTIAN FAITH .docxtoddr4
Running head: PERSPECTIVE ON INTEGRATION BETWEEN CHRISTIAN FAITH AND PSYCHOLOGY 1
Integration Between Christian Faith and Psychology 7
Integration Between Christian Faith and Psychology
Liberty University
PSYC-420
Abstract
This paper will discuss psychology and Christianity: Two disciplines that seem to be difficult subjects when discussing an integrated approach. There are some people who believe that, psychology has become one completely different subject than Christianity and both at times have lost all connection with the other. In addition, there are integrative models of disciplinary that think psychology is strictly a science and Christianity is solely based on faith and religion and the two cannot be integrated together. After further review of evidence, it seems that the integration approach for both disciplines are given by God and that they both should be integrated to create a more understanding of humanity. The focus of this paper is to describe the Allies” model and how it relates to integrating two disciplines; psychology and Christian faith. In addition, the strengths and limitations of the Allies model will be discussed. Also included are definitions of both subjects and views on different approaches towards this matter. Scriptures will be added that correspond with this approach, as well as, several factors that lead to the integration process of both disciplines. After further studies of the evidence of various disciplines, it seems like the “Allies” model best fits the relationship between psychology method and Christianity.
Integration between Christian faith and Psychology
Webster dictionary states that psychology is, “The science of mind and behavior and the study of mind and behavior in relation to a particular field of knowledge or activity” (Merriam-Webster, 2017). Whereas, Christianity is defined, “A religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices” (Merriam-Webster, 2017). After the evidence from various disciplines of study, it seems that a person’s foundation is based on what we see and how we know. This leads a person to believe that it is crucial for Christian counseling to use both psychology and Christianity. There are several different methods that psychological theory and science use to gain knowledge. These are: “Logic,” “Empiricism,” “Revelation,” and “Hermeneutic” (Entwistle, 2015. P. 97). Whereas, experiments in psychology use deductive logic when testing a hypothesis. Inductive reasoning uses experiments that show a correlation by manipulating the variables. For instance, we use science to find out if a statement is true or false. An idea is a suggestion upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn. For.
RubricThe final for this course is a paper titled Improvement Proj.docxtoddr4
RubricThe final for this course is a paper titled Improvement Project Report. Below is the rubric for this that details the expectations.Well developedEssentially DevelopedPartially DevelopedMarginally developedUnaccep-tableThis is how your final paper will be graded15-1312-109-76-43-0“Plan” Stage: Paper clearly addresses the goal or overall aim of what the Improvement Project is trying to accomplish; details objectives; identifies evidence-based research. Includes introduction, review of literature, “Do” Stage: Paper describes what the intervention was and what was done; details changes made; describes how actions were based on research; details how the data was collected and by whom. Includes aim statement, changes implemented, how will you know if improvement has been made“Study” Stage: Paper describes how the change is an improvement; details what data was collected; displays data in an appropriate format; details what went right, wrong, and what changes can be made that will result in improvement. Includes Likert scale and run chart (required)“Act” Stage and Summary of Learning: Paper describes how student will use what has been learned to make more improvements; provides a detailed summary of learning from the project; provides a summary of learning regarding the PDSA Improvement model and how to apply it in the future; details how to sustain improvement and if any more changes will need to be made. Includes lessons learned from project and use of PDSA in the futureResearch and Documentation: Synthesizes in-depth information from relevant sources representing various points of view/approaches; APA format and style of citation used appropriately throughout the paper; adequate number of sources referenced. Paper length 8-10 pages NOT including title and reference page. Four references: at least 3 scholarly, 2 reliable Websites. APA formatMechanics: Word choice, sentence structure, spelling, and punctuation; evidence of proofreading for sentence errors. Includes use of Arial or Times New Roman Font of 12, margins one inch, at least 1.5 or double spaced, OVERALL SCORE: WRITING 5 Title page, reference page, use of spell check, grammar proofing, proper capitalization and punctuation, avoiding use of "second person"OVERALL SCORE: CRITICAL THINKING 5 Includes: integration of research and learning into projectBuilt-in Points50Total50ABCDF135-150120-134105-11990-104below 90
Running head: Self-Improvement 2
Self-Improvement 2
Self-Improvement Project Update
Tamara Giebler
National American University
Quality and Risk Management
Ruth Vivian Derby
December 25, 2018
Comparing my data and seeing how it relates to my expectations from the beginning of the class. We have developed a tool to record all expenditures for a week, using checking, cash receipts, credit card statements. For week one to week four was two to four, I thought that I would have had my record keeping better by now, but if I keep working at it, it will get b.
Running Head: LETTER OF ADVICE 1
Letter of Advice
Student’s Full Name
COM 200: Interpersonal Communications
Instructor:1
Use Full Date – September 24, 2015
1 Please use your instructor’s full name.
Purpose: Use this sample Final Paper for a better understanding of what is present in a high
quality Final Paper: Letter of Advice. We’ve included these elements of constructive criticism to
demonstrate that even “A” quality work still receives comments to improve the student’s thinking
and writing on the topic. Please note that this paper was written when a slightly different set of
learning objectives were being used in this class. Be sure you use the learning objectives listed in
the final paper prompt.
See the footnotes at the bottom of each page for information about what the student has done well
in this assignment and also some areas for improvement.
LETTER OF ADVICE 2
Dear Cassy and Jeremy,
Congratulations on your recent engagement. It’s such a great time in your life. My wife
and I have been married almost 8 years. I also just took a class on interpersonal communications
and would love to share with you some of what I learned in addition to some personal
experiences.2 Knowing how your partner communicates and uses verbal and non-verbal
communication is important in a relationship and will help in reducing miscommunications.
Know going in to your marriage that there will be conflict but learning how to manage or resolve
those conflicts will help in a successful marriage. I know you both love each other very much
and that will help get you through those difficult times.3
Interpersonal Relationships4
Interpersonal relationships are part of our everyday life. Getting married forms one of
the most important interpersonal relationships you will ever have. But with any relationship there
are barriers to effectively maintain those interactions. Our self-concept is developed through our
interpersonal relationships and changes over time. Emotional intelligence also has a great impact
on how effective a relationship will be. The amount an individual discloses of themselves in a
relationship can vary depending on the type of relationship and can have both negative and
positive effects. Interpersonal conflict is probably one of the most challenging aspects of a
relationship and managing these conflicts effectively is important to the relationship’s wellbeing.
2 While we usually discourage people from using the first person, this essay asks that the student write a personal
letter, so it is okay to be more casual here
3 This is a good introduction. It would be even stronger with a more definitive thesis statement. The Writing Center
has a great “Thesi.
Running head LEADERSHIP PORTFOLIO1LEADERSHIP PORTFOLIO4.docxtoddr4
Running head: LEADERSHIP PORTFOLIO 1
LEADERSHIP PORTFOLIO 4
Leadership Portfolio
Your Name
Southern States University
Abstract
You will write a 150-word overview of your leadership style and techniques here.
Keywords: Leadership Portfolio
Write a 5-10 sentence explanation of your leadership style to introduce your paper.
Leadership Potential Assessment
You should write 3-5 sentences about the assessment including your score and how you can apply that information as a leader.
Managerial Leadership Skills
You should write 3-5 sentences about the assessment including your score and how you can apply that information as a leader.
Big Five Personality Profile
You should write 3-5 sentences about the assessment including your score and how you can apply that information as a leader.
Motive Profile
You should write 3-5 sentences about the assessment including your score and how you can apply that information as a leader.
Motive Profile with Socialized Power
You should write 3-5 sentences about the assessment including your score and how you can apply that information as a leader.
Leadership Interest
You should write 3-5 sentences about the assessment including your score and how you can apply that information as a leader.
Theory X and Theory Y Attitudes
You should write 3-5 sentences about the assessment including your score and how you can apply that information as a leader.
How Ethical is Your Behavior
You should write 3-5 sentences about the assessment including your score and how you can apply that information as a leader.
Strategic Management Assessment
You should write 3-5 sentences about the assessment including your score and how you can apply that information as a leader.
Personal Vision Statement
You will include the personal vision statement from your week 7 paper here. This information will come from your week 7 paper.
Personal Mission Statement
You will include the personal mission statement from your week 7 paper here. This information will come from your week 7 paper.
Personal SWOT Analysis
You will include the SWOT Analysis from your week 7 paper here. If you did not properly quote things and use in text citations for your original paper, you should update that for this submission. This information will come from your week 7 paper.
Motivational Theory
You will include at least 1-2 pages of information from your motivational theory paper here. You should include a minimum of three references in this section. If you did not properly quote things and use in text citations for your original paper, you should update that for this submission. This information will come from your week 2 paper.
Communication, Conflict, and Power
You will include at least 1-2 pages of information from your communication, conflict, and power paper here. You should include a minimum of three references in this section. If you did not properly quote things and use in text citations for your original paper, you should up.
Running Head: LAB 5 1
LAB 5 7
Lab 5
Gretchen Greene
Nathan Stewart, PhD
May 8, 2017
Executive Summary
As with any new technology, risks can arise in e-commerce that is not common to those traditional “brick-and-mortar” stores. A huge concern for e-commerce applications is credit/debit card use. Major damage can be done to an organization if the credit/debit card transactions are not secured in terms of financial fraud, loss of consumer confidence, identity theft, or legal regulations.
Online Goodies provides custom promotional gifts to corporate customers and is an Internet-based company. Some of their products include mugs, computer accessories, t-shirts, and office décor. The majority of its income comes from online credit card purchase. They give their repeat customers a discount based on their annual purchase amount.
This report is to create a test plan for Online Goodies based on the OWASP standards. The report includes an overview and rationale of all of the tests performed including a brute force test, an authentication test, privilege escalation test, code injection test, and web application fingerprint test.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………….2
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………….3
Types of Test Being Performed…………………………………………………………………...4
Test Plan for Online Goodies Site According to OWASP Standards……………………………..4
Rationale for Testing Used………………………………………………………………………..4
References…………………………………………………………………………………………7
Types of Tests Performed
The least expensive way to reduce costs and risks and improve software quality is to catch deficiencies as early as possible. To understand the guidelines for testing the OWASP Testing Guide was used. The tests used in this plan are: Usability Testing, Unit Testing, Interface Testing, Integration Testing, Functionality Testing, Performance Testing, Security Testing, Authentication and Authorization Testing, Privilege Escalation Testing, and Web Application Fingerprint Testing.
Test Plan for Online Goodies Site
The purpose of his test plan is to ensure the Goodies site meets all of its business, functional, and technical requirements. The test plan describes the schedule of test activities, test plan strategy, activities, resources, and scope. This document will identify the features on the site to be tested, the testing tasks, the user assigned to each task, each testing environment, techniques, explanation of options, and risks.
Before actually testing the site, you have to create test cases. This is the sample data which will be used to go through the system. These can be created as soon as the requirements are received. Additional test cases should be created to test other aspects of the system due to its complexity.
Explanation of Testing
Usability testing is one of the most important aspects of building a website. Users are not going to take the time to try to use a website that is poorly designed. We are used.
RubricRubric for Assignment 5a- MetricsMaxYour PointsCommentsTop.docxtoddr4
RubricRubric for Assignment 5a- MetricsMaxYour
PointsCommentsTop 3Top 2 for each category 1 and why selected20Top 2 for each category 2 and why selected20Top 2 for each category 3 and why selected20Target Values for 6 Metrics years 1-320Clear Units5Top 6 Metrics Steps to Achieve10Grammar - Organization - Spelling5Late Total 100095Consider that you are starting a PMO in your company using the previously developed PMO Charter. Starting on Page 86 in Gerard Hill’s book, list the top 2 metrics that would apply best to your company in each of the three categories: Process Management and Improvement Metrics, Project Performance Metrics, and Business Management Metrics and why you are selecting them. You should tie the selection of metrics to the needs analysis you completed in Unit 4 for your company. (PRJ-60)Submit a Word Doc and Table with the two metrics under each of the three categories. (Total of 6 metrics should be on the table.)In the same Word Doc, list the top 6 metrics above for your company PMO that you wrote your charter on, explain why you selected the six based on your needs analysis completed in Unit 4 and denote their target values for year 1, year 2 and year 3. Display the units clearly for you metrics. For each metric of the top 6 use at least 75 words per metric that would describe any specific steps you would need take to in your company to achieve your targets for each metric.
MetricsProcess Management and Improvement MetricsProcess Management Methodology ProcessesTechnical ProcessesBusiness ProcessesResource Management ProcessesPMO Support ProcessesProject Performance MetricsBudgetScheduleResource ManagementRisk ManagementQuality AssuranceBusiness Management MetricsContract and Agreement MetricsCustomer Satisfaction MetricsProject Portfolio Management MetricsFinancial Metrics
STAT200 Introduction to Statistics
Assignment #1: Statistics Data Analysis Plan
Assignment #1: Prepare Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan
Before conducting any statistical analyses, researchers develop a plan for how they will analyze their data to answer their research questions. The purpose of this assignment is to provide experience developing and executing a descriptive statistics analysis plan using real world data to answer a practical question.
Note: This first assignment develops and executes a preliminary plan using a subset of the data to create tables and graphs to address the assigned task. The second assignment will involve carrying out the plan in greater detail, after receiving in class feedback from your instructor.
Assignment Steps:
Step #1: Understanding the task to be addressed:
You are interviewing for a new job as a Financial Advisor and have been asked to perform the following task:
Using the provided real world data determine the budgetary expenditures for groceries (food) your client should anticipate, assuming your client has the following social/economical family profile.
In Assignment 2 you will have leeway in .
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Running head TITLE OF ESSAY1TITLE OF ESSAY 2Title .docx
1. Running head: TITLE OF ESSAY
1
TITLE OF ESSAY
2
Title of Essay
Author’s Name
University of the Cumberlands
Abstract
Abstracts are research tools that can help you readers determine
if the scope of your article/essay will help them in their own
research. In APA, abstracts are typically 150-250 words in
length and provide an evaluative summary of the essay to
follow. The personal opinion of the author is strictly prohibited
in abstracts. Unlike a body paragraph, the first line of an
abstract is not tabbed-in. For many student essays, especially in
lower-numbers courses, an abstract will not be required; still, it
is good to practice this skill.
Title of Essay
In APA style, the introduction of the essay should begin here,
followed by the body paragraphs. APA is typically a more
formal style than most students are accustomed to using in a
writing course. For the purposes of this course, the level of
formality should be based on the assignment. For example:
APA asks that students always write in third person (avoiding
words such as I, me, we, our(s), you, your(s), etc). Certain
2. rhetorical modes, however, don’t cater well to third person
(narrative and reflection writing are two such examples). In
these situations, first person (I, me, we, our(s)) may be, and
should be employed; second person (you, your(s)) should be
avoided in all academic writing unless an essay is specifically
designed to relay instructions (there are few assignments that
will employ second person).
Like any essay, students should make sure their essays are
formatted with one inch margins, with their text exclusively in
Times New Roman 12-point font, and students should double
space their lines. This document can be downloaded and used
as a template wherein students may simply replace names, titles,
dates, and so on with their own information.
The final page of this document will demonstrate a References
page. If a student uses information from any source, that source
must be identified within the text and listed on a References
page. These citations should be listed in alphabetical order and,
opposite to the way a normal paragraph works, the first line
should be flush left and each following line should be tabbed in.
Though there is really no substitute for a good APA Style
Manual, students can refer to a citation generator such as
www.citationmachine.net to ensure proper formatting. Any
further questions should be directed to the instructor of the
course.
References
Badley, G. (2009). A place from where to speak: The university
and academic freedom. British
Journal of Educational Studies, 57(2), 146-163.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-
3. 8527.2009.00429.x
Baumanns, M., Biedenkopf, K., Cole, J. R., Kerrey, B., & Lee,
B. (2009). The future of
universities and the fate of free inquiry and academic freedom:
Question and answer
session. Social Research, 76(3), 867-886. Retrieved from
EBSCOhost.
Berthoff, A. E. (2009). Learning the uses of chaos. In S. Miller
(Ed.), The Norton Book of
Composition Studies (pp. 649). New York: W. W. Norton &
Company.
Carroll, L. (2000) The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition.
M. Gardner (Ed.) NY: Norton. Elbow, P. (2000). Getting along
without grades—and getting along with them too. Everyone Can
Write: Essays Toward a Hopeful Theory of Writing and
Teaching Writing. NY: Oxford University Press.
APA Formatting
This document has the summarized, high points of the APA
format that all students need to be aware in writing papers
academically. There are many more details and requirements in
the APA than in this condensed version. If the item needed is
not included here, please refer to the APA manual or visit the
Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) website for more
4. specific information in APA formatting.
Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized
paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides. Indent 5 spaces
or ½ inch on the first line of every paragraph. You should use a
clear font that is highly readable. APA recommends using 12 pt.
Times New Roman font. There are two aspects of essay formats
that you should keep in mind:
· Every other line in the entire paper will have text.
· Consistency and uniformity is essential. Every essay from
each student will appear generally the same, except for specific
letters and words are different.
APA Title Page
The title page should contain the title of the paper, the author's
full name, and the school’s name. Include in the header of the
first page, the Running Head: and title of the paper in all
capitals are placed toward the left margin, and the page number
is placed toward the right margin. On the subsequent pages, the
header contains the title and page number. Please note that your
page number must be created with the word processor’s page
number feature. If the page number is entered in manually, it
will be the same number on every page rather than a page
number.
APA Citations
Anytime a writer borrows an idea or quote from other source, a
citation must be included in the essay. Whether it is
paraphrasing or quoting, credit must be given to avoid
plagiarism. APA requires the author’s name, year of
publication, and page or paragraph number must be included as
a citation in the paper. These three requirements can be
provided in two main options:
1. The requirements are provided at the end of the material
cited, and it is included in one simple parenthetical citation.
(author’s last name, year, page no.) Be sure to place the period
5. for the end of the sentence after the parenthetical citation.
For example:
The study indicated the patients recovered 47% of the time
without any harmful side effects (Hunter, 2004, pp. 365).
2. The author’s name is included in the body of the sentence.
The year follows the name in parentheses, and the page or
paragraph number is in parentheses at the end of the material
cited. For example:
Dr. Hunter (2004) performed two major clinical trials on breast
cancer. The studies indicated the patients recovered 47% of the
time without any harmful side effects (pp. 365).
3. When a personal interview, lecture, or seminar is used as a
source in a paper, APA only requires a citation to be included in
the body of the paper. Normally, the interviewee or lecturer
name is included in the body of the sentence, followed by the
parenthetical citation (Personal communication, date of
communication). For example:
Mr. Wayne Smith (Personal communication, June 25, 2012)
stated in an interview that each sample from the experiment
were handled and processed separated to prevent any potential
compromise of the study.
4. When using a direct quote (less than 40 words), usually the
author is used in the attributive tag with date cited after the
author. For example:
Wayne Smith (2012) explains, “Each sample from the
experiment were handled and processed separated to prevent
any potential compromise of the study.”
5. If using a block quotation (40 words or more), cite the quoted
source in parentheses after the final punctuation mark. Please
keep these points of block quotation in mind:
· Indent the block quote five spaces or half an inch.
· Do not use quotation marks.
6. · Double space the quote unless your school has a rule about
single spacing block quotes.
· Do not include any additional lines or spaces before or after
the block quote.
· Notice that in block quotes, the period goes before the
parentheses, not after.
For example:
Students at Nova Southeastern University have faced challenges
in learning how to use APA formatting. When discussing the
challenges, Strunk (1922) stated:
Use quotes around an article title or book chapter, but italicize
the title of a book, journal, brochure, or report when used in
the body of the paper. Use a short title in the parenthetical
citation or complete title if the title is short. NOTE Non-
periodical titles like books and book titles have all the
important words capitalized in the text citations, but these same
book titles do not have all the important words capitalized in
the reference list. (p. 342)
Continue here with your explanation or interpretation of the
block quote. Please write how the quote supports your thesis
specifically. This portion is a continuation of the original
paragraph that started with Students at Nova Southeastern
University.
APA References
Major points of the reference page(s) to keep in mind:
· Arrange entries in alphabetical order.
· An anonymous source is alphabetized by the word
“Anonymous.”
· A source that has no author is arranged, alphabetically by the
7. first significant word of the title.
· Do not indent the first line of the reference. Indent all
subsequent lines.
· Double space the entire references page.
· If references take up more than one page, do not retype the
word “References” on subsequent pages.
Unknown Author
If your source has an unknown author, the title of the article or
webpage is put in its place. Review the samples below for
reference and citation.
A place from where to speak: The university and academic
freedom. (2009). British
Journal of Educational Studies, 57(2), 146-163.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-
8527.2009.00429.x
NOTE: When your essay includes parenthetical citations of
sources with no author named, use a shortened version of the
source's title instead of an author's name. Use quotation marks
and italics as appropriate. For example, parenthetical citations
of the source above would appear as follows: (“A place from
where”, 2009).
Sample References
1. A magazine:
8. Last Name, F. (Publication Date). Article Title. Magazine
Name, Volume Number (Issue Number) Page Numbers.
Smith, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President.
Time, 171 (5) 21-23.
2. A Book:
Last Name, F. (Year Published). Book Title. Publisher City:
Publisher Name.
Brown, D. (2004). The DaVinci code. New York: Scholastic.
3. A journal from an online database:
Last Name, F. (Year Published). Article Title. Journal name,
Volume number, (Issue number)Page Numbers. Retrieved from
Web Address
Ayyamperumal, A., Parveen, B., Ravindran, V., & Tharini, G.
(2012). Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy. Indian
Journal of Dermatology, 57(4), 260. Retrieved from
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA295455160&v
=2.1&u=pho38373&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w
4. A document or news website:
Last Name, F. (Year Published). Page title. Website title.
Retrieved from Web Address
Smith, J. (2009, January 21). Obama inaugurated as President.
CNN.com. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/
01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html
5. A journal:
Last Name, F. (Year Published). Article Title. Journal name,
Volume number, (Issue number)Page Numbers.
Smith, J. (2009). Studies in pop rocks and Coke. Weird Science,
12 (1). 78-93.
6. A video weblog:
9. Video Title. (video file) Retrieved from Web Address
Preventive benefits-better health is in your hands. (video file).
Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/user/CMSHHSgov?v=Z5bjUYgfqhw
7. A radio/TV:
EPISODE OF PROGRAM: Last Name, F. (Writer), & Last
Name, F. (Director). (Year Broadcast). Episode [Program Type
series episode]. In F. Last Name (Producer), Program. Network
City: Network.
INDIVIDUAL BROADCAST: Last Name, F. (Producer). (Date
Broadcast). Program [Program Type broadcast]. Network City:
Network.
Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The
McNeil Lehrer news hour. [Television broadcast]. New York
and Washington DC: Public Broadcasting Service.
8. An encyclopedia/dictionary:
Last Name, F. (Year Published). Article Title. In
Encyclopedia/Dictionary name (Vol. Volume Number, Page
Numbers). Publication City: Publisher Name.
Smith, J. (2009). Internet. In Encyclopaedia Britannica (Vol.
20, pp. 81-82). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Please note: these are the most common examples of sources
used by students, please use the APA manual or Purdue’s OWL
website.
The information collected in this handout is based on the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,
6th Edition (July 2009) Washington, D.C.
10. ISOL536
Security Architecture
and Design
Threat Modeling
Week 1
Agenda
• About this course
• About threat modeling
About this course
About this course
About threat modeling
Threat Modeling in Depth
• 8 weeks
• 8 weeks of deep material
• 8 Lectures
• 5 Quizzes (Drop lowest grade)
• 2 Exams (Mid-term and Final)
11. • Text: Threat Modeling: Designing for Security (Wiley, 2014)
Course Description
• This course discusses useful models used to address
potential threats in software systems and how to apply
such models in developing secure software and systems.
Areas of study focus on threat modeling strategies,
including finding threats, addressing threats, and threat
modeling technologies.
Major Instructional Areas
• Understanding threat modeling
• Strategies for finding threats
• Techniques for managing threats
• Validating threat handling activities
• Understanding environment-specific threats
Course Objectives
• Explain threat modeling and its importance to secure
architecture.
• Explore strategies for threat modeling.
• Understand how techniques, such as STRIDE, are useful in
finding
threats.
• Find threats using attack trees.
• Identify threats with attack libraries.
12. • Explore privacy tools.
• Show how to process and manage threats.
• Employ defensive tactics and technologies.
Course Objectives
• Consider key tradeoffs when addressing threats.
• Validate that threats are addressed.
• Survey common threat modeling tools.
• Develop a repository of requirements.
• Examine web and cloud threats.
• Understand user accounts and identity.
• Explore how human factors and usability affect threat
modeling.
SCANS Objectives
• SCANS is an acronym for Secretary’s Commission on
Achieving Necessary Skills. The committee, appointed by
the National Secretary of Labor in 1990, created a list of
skills and competencies that continue to be a valuable
resource for individuals developing their careers in a high-
tech job market. For more information on the SCANS
objectives, visit The U.S. Department of Labor
Employment andTraining Administration:
www.doleta.gov.
http://www.doleta.gov/
Required and Recommended
13. Resources
• Required Resources
• Shostack, Adam. Threat Modeling: Designing for Security,
Indianapolis, IN: Wiley, 2014
• Recommended Resources
• Please use the following author’s names, book/article titles,
Web
sites, and/or keywords to search for supplementary information
to
augment your learning in this subject.
• Tony UcedaVelez and Marco M. Morana. Rick CentricThreat
Modeling: Process for Attack Simulation andThreat Analysis
Information Search
• Use the following keywords to search for additional
online resources that may be used for supporting your
work on the course assignments:
• Threat modeling, Security architecture, STRIDE,
Countermeasure, Attack tree, Computer security, Information
security, Threat, Vulnerability, Software security assurance
Tentative Course Outline
14. Tentative Course Outline
Tentative Course Outline
Tentative Course Outline
Evaluation Criteria
Grade Conversion
Class Participation
• Students are expected to:
• Be fully prepared for each class session by studying the
assigned
reading material and preparation of the material assigned.
• Participate in group discussions, assignments, and panel
discussions.
• Complete specific assignments when due and in a professional
manner.
• Take exams when specified on the attached course schedule.
15. Academic Integrity
• At a Christian liberal arts University committed to the pursuit
of truth and
understanding, any act of academic dishonesty is especially
distressing and
cannot be tolerated. In general, academic dishonesty involves
the abuse and
misuse of information or people to gain an undeserved academic
advantage or
evaluation.The common forms of academic dishonesty include:
• cheating - using deception in the taking of tests or the
preparation of written work, using
unauthorized materials, copying another person’s work with or
without consent, or assisting
another in such activities
• lying—falsifying, fabricating, or forging information in either
written, spoken, or video
presentations
• plagiarism—using the published writings, data,
interpretations, or ideas of another without
proper documentation
• Episodes of academic dishonesty are reported to theVice
President for Academic
Affairs. The potential penalty for academic dishonesty includes
a failing grade on
a particular assignment, a failing grade for the entire course, or
charges against
the student with the appropriate disciplinary body.
16. Students with Disabilities
• Students who may have a disability meriting an academic
accommodation should contact Dr. Tom Fish in LIB 21 to
ensure that their needs are properly evaluated and that
documentation is on file. Any accommodations for
disabilities must be re-certified each semester by the
Academic Affairs Office before course adjustments are
made by individual instructors.
Student Responsibilities
• Students are expected to login several times per week to
participate in class discussions.
• Students are expected to find out if any changes have
been made in the class or assignment schedule.
• Students are expected to be self-motivating in an online,
asynchronous course.
Schedule & Grading
• Due date/time: Sunday 11:59 PM
• NOTTHE FINAL EXAM
• Quizzes 10%
• Mid-term exam 10%
• Final exam 10%
• Discussions 30%
17. • Homework Assignments 40%
Administrative Notes
• Read the course syllabus
• Check your email and course announcements
• Be proactive
• Check course announcements
• Read the text (don’t just fake it)
• Apply the material to what you already know
About threat modeling
About this course
About threat modeling
Wouldn’t it be better
to find security issues
before you write or
deploy a line of code?
So how can you do that?
How DoYou Find
Security Issues?
18. Ways to Find Security Issues
• Static analysis of code
• Fuzzing or other dynamic testing
• Pen test/red team
• Wait for bug reports after release
Ways to Find Security Issues (2)
• Threat modeling!
• Think about security issues early
• Understand your requirements better
• Don’t write bugs into the code
• And the subject of this lesson
So…how do you threat
model?
Definitions
• What is a threat?
• How is it different from a
• vulnerability,
• risk,
• or just a problem?
• What is a model?
19. So…how do you threat
model?
What are the problems
associated with the
“Think like an Attacker”
mentality?
Think Like an Attacker?
• Like thinking like a professional chef!
• Even if you cook well, are you the chef at a popular
restaurant?
• Thinking like an attacker – or focusing on them is risky
• What do they know? What will they do?
• If you get these wrong, your threat modeling will go astray
• So don’t start from attackers!
What are the problems
associated with starting from
assets as an approach to
threat
modeling?
20. What do you learn by making an asset list?
Focus on Assets?
• Assets: valuable things – the business cares!
• But what’s an asset?
• Something an attacker wants?
• Something you want to protect?
• A stepping stone?
Engineering Real Technology
• Need an engineering approach
• Predictable
• Reliable
• Scalable to a large product
• Can’t be dependent on one brilliant person
Focus on What You’re Building!
• Ideally, you understand it
• Concrete and testable?
“HowToThreat Model”
21. How to Threat Model
• What are you building?
• What can go wrong?
• What are you going to do about it?
• Check your work on 1-3
• The course will teach you practical skills for each of these
What Are You Building?
• Create a model of the software/system/technology
• A model abstracts away the details so you can look at the
whole
• Diagraming is a key approach
• Mathematical models of software are rare in commercial
environments
What Are You Building?
• Whiteboard diagrams are a great way to start
• Software models for threat modeling usually focus on
data flows and boundaries
• DFDs, “swim lanes”, state machines can all help (next
slides)
22. What Are Some Modeling
Methods?
• Whiteboard diagrams
• Brainstorming
• Structured (“formal”) diagrams
• Data flow diagrams
• Swim lanes
• State machines
• Mathematical representations of code
Trust Boundaries
• Sometimes left implicit in development
•
• Effective threat modeling requires making boundaries explicit
A trust boundary is everywhere two (or more) principals
interact
• Principals are UIDs (unix)/SIDs (Windows) etc.
• Apps on mobile platforms
• (Two or more)
• Need to be enforced in some way
• Best to rely on the OS
• Sometimes not possible (e.g., building a database)
23. Trust Boundaries
• All interesting boundaries are semi-permeable
• Air gaps
• Firewalls
• Require policy mechanisms (which are hard)
• Formal methods help build boundaries
• Isolation
• Type safety
• Policy languages
• Reference monitors/kernels
DFD (Data Flow Diagram)
• Developed in the early 70s, and still useful
• Simple: easy to learn, sketch
• Threats often follow data
• Abstracts programs into:
• Processes: your code
• Data stores: files, databases, shared memory
• Data flows: connect processes to other elements
• External entities: everything but your code & data Includes
people &
cloud software
• Trust boundaries (now made explicit)
Data Flow Diagram (Example)
24. Swim Lane Diagrams
• Show two or more entities communicating,
each “in a lane”
• Useful for network communication
• Lanes have implicit boundaries between
them
State Machines
• Helpful for considering what changes security state
• For example, unauthenticated to authenticated
• User to root/admin
• Rarely shows boundaries
How to Threat Model (Summary)
• What are you building?
• What can go wrong?
• What are you going to do about it?
• Check your work on 1-3
What Can Go Wrong?
• Fun to brainstorm
25. • Mnemonics, trees, or libraries of threats can all help
structure thinking
• Structure helps get you towards completeness and
predictability
What Can Go Wrong?
• STRIDE is a mnemonic
• Spoofing
• Tampering
• Repudiation
• Information Disclosure
• Denial of Service
• Elevation of Privilege
• Easy, right?
Spoofing
By Lego Envy,
http://www.eurobricks.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=64532
Spoofing
http://www.eurobricks.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=64532
http://www.eurobricks.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=64532
http://www.eurobricks.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=64532
http://www.eurobricks.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=64532
http://www.eurobricks.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=64532
http://www.eurobricks.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=64532
28. Denial of Service
Model by Nathan Sawaya
http://brickartist.com/gallery/han-solo-in-carbonite/
Denial of
Service
http://brickartist.com/gallery/han-solo-in-carbonite/
Elevation of Privilege
http://www.flickr.com/photos/prodif sion/
Elevation of Privilege
http://www.flickr.com/photos/prodif
STRIDE
Threat Property
Violated
Definition Example
Spoofing Authentication Impersonating
something or someone
else.
Pretending to be any of Bill Gates, Paypal.com or
ntdll.dll
29. Tampering Integrity Modifying data or code Modifying a DLL
on disk or DVD, or a packet as it
traverses the network
Repudiation Non-repudiation Claiming to have not
performed an action.
“I didn’t send that email,” “I didn’t modify that
file,” “I certainly didn’t visit that web site, dear!”
Information
Disclosure
Confidentiality Exposing information
to someone not
authorized to see it
Allowing someone to read the Windows source
code; publishing a list of customers to a web site.
Denial of Service Availability Deny or degrade
service to users
Crashing Windows or a web site, sending a
packet and absorbing seconds of CPU time, or
routing packets into a black hole.
Elevation of Privilege Authorization Gain capabilities
without proper
authorization
Allowing a remote Internet user to run
commands is the classic example, but going from
a limited user to admin is also EoP.
30. Using STRIDE
• Consider how each STRIDE threat could impact each part
of the model
• “How could a clever attacker spoof this part of the
system?...tamper with?… etc.”
• Easier with aids
• Elevation of Privilege game
• Attack trees (see Threat Modeling: Designing for Security,
Appendix B)
• Experience
What Can Go Wrong?
• Track issues as you find them
• “attacker could pretend to be a client & connect”
• Track assumptions
• “I think that connection is always over SSL”
• Both lists are inputs to “what are you going to do about
it?”
Recap
• What are you building?
• Diagrams of various sorts
• Trust boundaries
31. • What can go wrong?
• STRIDE
What’s next?
• For next week
• Read chapters 3, 4, and 5
Slide Number 1AgendaSlide Number 3Threat Modeling in
DepthCourse DescriptionMajor Instructional AreasCourse
ObjectivesCourse ObjectivesSCANS ObjectivesRequired and
Recommended
ResourcesInformation SearchTentative Course OutlineTentative
Course OutlineTentative Course OutlineTentative Course
OutlineEvaluation CriteriaGrade ConversionClass
ParticipationAcademic IntegrityStudents with
DisabilitiesStudent ResponsibilitiesSchedule &
GradingAdministrative NotesSlide Number 24Slide Number
25Slide Number 26Ways to Find Security IssuesWays to Find
Security Issues (2)Slide Number 29DefinitionsSlide Number
31Slide Number 32Think Like an Attacker?What are the
problems associated with starting from assets as an approach to
threatFocus on Assets?Engineering Real TechnologyFocus on
What You’re Building!Slide Number 38How to Threat
ModelWhat Are You Building?What Are You Building?What
Are Some Modeling
Methods?Trust BoundariesTrust BoundariesDFD (Data Flow
Diagram)Data Flow Diagram (Example)Swim Lane
DiagramsState MachinesHow to Threat Model (Summary)What
Can Go Wrong?What Can Go
Wrong?SpoofingTamperingRepudiationSlide Number 55Slide
Number 56Slide Number 57Slide Number 58Using
STRIDEWhat Can Go Wrong?RecapWhat’s next?
