Descriptive Statistics(DUE 10-24-16) Read the article, “Do Men with Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Social Stability Have an Addictive Personality?” and identify the research questions and/or hypotheses as they are stated in the article.  If you need assistance looking up the article with the citation, please view the Finding an Article When You Have a Citation  tutorial, which is located under “Getting Research Help” within the Ashford University Library.  As you read the article, consider the following questions: What are the variables (sample sizes, population, treatments, etc.)? What are the descriptive statistics used in this article (frequencies, means, etc.)?  Write a two- to three-page paper presenting the information listed below.  Your paper must contain a title page and a reference page formatted in APA style.  Cite any references made to the article within the body of the paper in correct APA format.  Your paper should begin with an introduction paragraph that includes a thesis statement and ends with a concluding paragraph.  The concluding paragraph should summarize the major points made in the body of the paper and reaffirm the thesis.  When writing the article critique, your paper must: Determine what question(s) the authors are trying to answer through this research. Determine the hypothesis being tested and the concepts that were applied in this process. Evaluate the article and critique the statistical analysis employed in the study. Would you have included more and/or different variables?  Explain your answer. Examine the assumptions and limitations of the statistical study.  What would you have done differently in this case? Why? Identify how the authors applied statistical testing to the problem. Interpret the findings of the author(s) using statistical concepts. Access the  Critical Thinking Community  website for tips on how to formulate your thoughts and discussion of these questions in a logical and meaningful manner. The Assignment: Must be two to three double-spaced pages in length (excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Must include a title page with the following: Title of paper Student’s name Course name and number Instructor’s name Date submitted Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Carefully review the  Grading Rubric  for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment. Inferential Statistics Article Critique(DUE 10/31/16 Read the article “Differential Effects of a Body Image Exposure Session on Smoking Urge Between Physically Active and Sedentary Female Smokers,”and identify the research questions and/or hypotheses as they are stated. Consider the following questions: What are the variables (sample sizes, population, treatments, etc.)?  What are the inferen.

1. Descriptive Statistics(DUE 10-24-16)
Read the article, “Do Men with Excessive Alcohol Consumption
and Social Stability Have an Addictive Personality?” and
identify the research questions and/or hypotheses as they are
stated in the article. If you need assistance looking up the
article with the citation, please view the
Finding an Article When You Have a Citation
tutorial, which is located under “Getting Research Help” within
the Ashford University Library. As you read the article,
consider the following questions: What are the variables
(sample sizes, population, treatments, etc.)? What are the
descriptive statistics used in this article (frequencies, means,
etc.)?
Write a two- to three-page paper presenting the information
listed below. Your paper must contain a title page and a
reference page formatted in APA style. Cite any references
made to the article within the body of the paper in correct APA
format. Your paper should begin with an introduction
paragraph that includes a thesis statement and ends with a
concluding paragraph. The concluding paragraph should
summarize the major points made in the body of the paper and
reaffirm the thesis. When writing the article critique, your
paper must:
Determine what question(s) the authors are trying to answer
through this research.
Determine the hypothesis being tested and the concepts that
were applied in this process.
Evaluate the article and critique the statistical analysis
employed in the study.
Would you have included more and/or different variables?
Explain your answer.
Examine the assumptions and limitations of the statistical
study.

2. What would you have done differently in this case? Why?
Identify how the authors applied statistical testing to the
problem.
Interpret the findings of the author(s) using statistical concepts.
Access the
Critical Thinking Community
website for tips on how to formulate your thoughts and
discussion of these questions in a logical and meaningful
manner.
The Assignment:
Must be two to three double-spaced pages in length (excluding
title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style
as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to
APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Carefully review the
Grading Rubric
for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.
Inferential Statistics Article Critique(DUE 10/31/16
Read the article “Differential Effects of a Body Image Exposure
Session on Smoking Urge Between Physically Active and
Sedentary Female Smokers,”and identify the research questions
and/or hypotheses as they are stated. Consider the following
questions: What are the variables (sample sizes, population,
treatments, etc.)? What are the inferential statistics used in this

3. article? Were the proper steps of hypothesis testing followed?
Write a two- to three-page paper presenting the information
listed below. Include a title page and reference page in APA
style. Cite any references made to the article within the body of
the paper in APA style. Your paper should begin with an
introductory paragraph (including a thesis statement) and end
with a concluding paragraph summarizing the major points
made in the body of the paper and reaffirming the thesis. When
writing the article critique, your paper must:
Determine what question(s) the authors are trying to answer by
doing this research
Determine the hypothesis being tested and the concepts that
were applied in this process.
Evaluate the article and critique the statistical analysis
employed in the study.
Would you have included more and/or different variables?
Explain your answer.
Examine the assumptions and limitations of the statistical study.
What would you have done differently in this case? Why?
Identify how the authors applied statistical testing to the
problem.
Interpret the findings of the author(s) using statistical concepts.
You may access the
Critical Thinking Community
website for tips on how to formulate your thoughts and
discussion of these questions in a logical and meaningful
manner.
Writing the Article Critique
The Assignment:
Must be two to three double-spaced pages in length (excluding
title and reference pages), and formatted according to APA style
as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number

4. Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to
APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Carefully review the
Grading Rubric
for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.
ANOVA Article Critique(DUE 11/7/16)
Read the article
"Cognitive Effects of Risperidone in Children with Autism and
Irritable Behavior"
, and identify the research questions and/or hypotheses as they
are stated. Consider the following questions: What are the
variables (sample sizes, population, treatments, etc.)? How was
the analysis of variance used in this article (and what type of
ANOVA was used)?
Write a two- to three-page paper presenting the information
listed below. In addition, provide a title page and reference
page in APA style. Cite any references made to the article
within the body of the paper in APA style. Your paper should
begin with an introductory paragraph (including a thesis
statement) and end with a concluding paragraph summarizing
the major points made in the body of the paper and reaffirming
the thesis.
The body of your paper must:
Determine what question(s) the authors are trying to answer by
doing this research.
Determine the hypothesis being tested and the concepts that
were applied in this process.
Evaluate the article and critique the statistical analysis
employed in the study. Would you have included more and/or
different variables? Explain your answer.

5. Examine the assumptions and limitations of the statistical
study. What would you have done differently in this case?
Explain your answer.
Identify how the authors applied statistical testing to the
problem.
Interpret the findings of the author(s) using statistical concepts.
Access the
Critical Thinking Community
website for tips on how to formulate your thoughts and
discussion of these questions in a logical and meaningful
manner.
Writing the Article Critique
The Assignment:
Must be two to three double-spaced pages in length (excluding
title and reference pages), and formatted according to APA style
as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference page formatted according to
APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Carefully review the
Grading Rubric
for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.
Research Report(DUE 11/14/16
Write a research report based on a hypothetical research study.
Conducting research and writing a report is common practice
for many students and practitioners in any of the behavioral
sciences fields.

6. A research report, which is based on scientific method, is
typically composed of the different sections listed below:
Introduction:
The introduction states a specific hypothesis and how that
hypothesis was derived by connecting it to previous research.
Methods:
The methods section describes the details of how the
hypothesis was tested and clarifies why the study was conducted
in that particular way.
Results:
The results section is where the raw uninterpreted data is
presented.
Discussion:
The discussion section is where an argument is presented on
whether or not the data supports the hypothesis, the possible
implications and limitations of the study, as well as possible
future directions for this type of research.
Together, these sections should tell the reader what was done,
how it was done, and what was learned through the research.
You will create a research report based on a
hypothetical
problem, sample, results, and literature review. Organize your
data by creating meaningful sections within your report. Make
sure that you:
Apply key concepts of inferential hypothesis tests.
Interpret the research findings of the study.
Examine the assumptions and limitations of inferential tests.
Develop a practical application of the research principles
covered in this course.
Focus of the Research Report
To begin, create a hypothetical research study (you do not have
to carry out the study; you will just have to describe it) that is
based on the three pieces of information listed below. Once you
have your hypothetical study created, write a three- to four-page
research report (excluding title and reference pages) that
outlines the study. You are encouraged to be creative with your

7. research study, but be sure to follow the format outlined below
and adhere to APA formatting as outlined in the Ashford
Writing Center.
Your hypothetical research study should be based on the
following information:
Recent research has indicated that eating chocolate can improve
memory. Jones and Wilson (2011) found that eating chocolate
two hours before taking math tests improved scores
significantly. Wong, Hideki, Anderson, and Skaarsgard (2009)
found that women are better than men on memory tests after
eating chocolate.
There were 50 men and 50 women who were randomly selected
from a larger population.
A
t
-test was conducted to compare men and women’s performance
on an assessment after eating chocolate. The results showed an
independent
t
-test value of
t
.05(99) = 3.43;
p
< .05
Your research study must contain the following:
Title Page
Title of your report
Your name
The course
Instructor
Date
Introduction
Introduce the research topic, explain why it is important, and
present the purpose of the paper and the research question and
hypothesis.
Discuss how this study is related to other research on the topic.

8. Elaborate on the information from the references you were
given. State how they relate to your hypothesis.
Your introduction must:
Consist of a paragraph explaining what you are studying and
why. Use previously cited research to explain your expectations
and discuss how those expectations led to your hypothesis.
State a clear and testable hypothesis and whether it is one-tailed
or two-tailed. Make sure it is understandable to someone who
has not read the rest of your paper yet. State the null
hypothesis.
Include a justification of the direction of your hypothesis. In
other words, explain why you chose the direction of your
hypothesis if it is one-tailed (e.g., previous research suggests
that people with big feet are more likely to score higher on math
tests; therefore the hypothesis is one-tailed) or if it is two-tailed
(e.g., previous research is not clear on which group will perform
better; therefore, the hypothesis is two-tailed).
Describe why this study is important.
Method
Design: State the experimental design of your study, the
independent and dependent
variables, and what the task was (e.g., what you had the
participants do).
Participants: Identify and describe your sample, how the
participants were selected
to be in the study, and why you chose them. Provide details for
how each individual was
assigned to each group.
Procedure: Describe the precise procedure you used to conduct
this research (i.e., exactly
what you did). It should be clear enough that anyone could
replicate your study. This is the
subsection where you tell the reader how you collected the data.
Data Analysis: Describe the statistical procedure used in the
study to analyze the data.
Results

9. : In this section, you will describe the statistical results:
State the statistical tests that were used.
Justify the choice of test.
State the observed value and significance level and whether the
test was one or two-tailed.
State your conclusion in terms of the hypothesis.
Did you accept or reject the null hypothesis?
Discussion
: Discuss your results as they relate to your hypothesis.
Did you accept the hypothesis or reject it?
Compare your results to the previous studies mentioned in the
introduction. Are your results similar or different? Discuss
why.
Tell the readers what your findings mean. Why did you get the
results you did?
Identify limitations to your study.
Suggest ways your study could be improved.
Suggest ideas for future research, not just a continuation of
your study, but research that is similar to this study. Perhaps
one of the variables could be changed or a different sample
could be investigated.
Finish with a concluding paragraph that is a statement of your
findings and the key points of the discussion.
Conclusion
: Write a paragraph detailing your experience with writing a
research report. Discuss how easy/difficult it was to write a
false report that reads like real results, and how this experience
might affect you review research in the future. Do you think
this experience will provide you with a useful skill in your
potential career?
References
: You will create a minimum of three fictitious references in the
following format based on the information you have created in
the preceding sections of the report:
Author, A., & Author, B. (Publication year). Title of the
article.

10. Journal Name, volume number
(issue number), page numbers.
Example: Jones, A., & Williams, B. (2013). Why monkeys are
good pets.
Journal of Silly Science, 23
(4)
,
pp. 221-222.
You may access the
Critical Thinking Community
website for tips on how to formulate your report in a logical
and meaningful manner.
Writing the Research Report
The Assignment:
Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (excluding
title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style
as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center.
Must include the sections with the appropriate headings and
content listed above.
Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to
APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Carefully review the
Grading Rubric
for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.
Final Exam 11/20/19
Focus of the Final Exam
The purpose of the Final Exam is to assess your understanding

11. of the main statistical concepts covered in this course and to
evaluate your ability to critically review a quantitative research
article. The exam will consist of two parts: Part I includes
three essay questions and Part II includes a research critique.
All of your responses should be included in a single Word
document for submission.
Please include the following general headings for each section
of the written exam within your Word document:
Part I: Essay Questions
Essay 1
Essay 2
Essay 3
Part II: Research Study Critique
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Your complete Word document must include a title page with
the following:
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Part I: Essay Questions
There are three essay questions in this section. You must
answer all three questions. The length of each essay should be
one to two double-spaced pages (excluding title and reference
pages). Use 12-point font and format your paper with regular 1-
inch margins. Do not include the essay prompt in your
document. It will not count toward the length requirement for
your essays.
Essay 1
A group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine
which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu.
They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal
spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were

12. randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the
nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80
developed the flu and 420 did not. Of the people who were
treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and
380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The
proportion of people who were treated with the shot who
developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who
were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated
p
value = .0008.
For this essay, describe the statistical approaches (e.g., identify
the hypotheses and research methods) used in this excerpt from
a research study. Interpret the statistical results and examine
the limitations of the statistical methods. Finally, evaluate the
research study as a whole and apply what you have learned
about hypothesis testing and inferential statistics by discussing
how you might conduct a follow-up study.
Your essay must address the following points:
Describe the research question for this experiment.
What were the null and alternative hypotheses?
Were the results of this test statistically significant?
If so, why were they significant?
Would the researchers reject or fail to reject the null
hypothesis?
Do the results provide sufficient evidence to support the
alternative hypothesis?
Was the sample appropriate for this study? Explain your
answer.
What are some possible limitations to this study?
Discuss how you would conduct a follow up study to this one.
Explain your answer.
Describe the difference between practical and statistical
significance.
Essay 2
A researcher has investigated the relationship between IQ and
grade point average (GPA) and found the correlation to be .75.

13. For this essay, critique the results and interpretation of a
correlational study.
Evaluate the correlational result and identify the strength of the
correlation.
Examine the assumptions and limitations of the possible
connection between the researcher’s chosen variables.
Identify and describe other statistical tests that could be used to
study this relationship.
Your essay response must address the following questions:
How strong is this correlation?
Is this a positive or negative correlation?
What does this correlation mean?
Does this correlation imply that individuals with high
Intelligence Quotients (IQ) have high Grade Point Averages
(GPA)?
Does this correlation provide evidence that high IQ causes GPA
to go higher?
What other variables might be influencing this relationship?
What is the connection between correlation and causation?
What are some of the factors that affect the size of this
correlation?
Is correlation a good test for predicting GPA?
If not, what statistical tests should a researcher use, and why?
Essay 3
A researcher has recorded the reaction times of 20 individuals
on a memory assessment. The following table indicates the
individual times:
2.2
4.7
7.3
4.1
9.5
15.2
4.3
9.5
2.7

14. 3.1
9.2
2.9
8.2
7.6
3.5
2.5
9.3
4.8
8.5
8.1
In this essay, demonstrate your ability to organize data into
meaningful sets, calculate basic descriptive statistics, interpret
the results, and evaluate the effects of outliers and changes in
the variables. You may use Excel, one of the many free online
descriptive statistics calculators, or calculate the values by hand
and/or with a calculator.
Next, separate the data into two groups of 10; one group will be
the lower reaction times, and the second group will be the
higher reaction times. Then, address the following points in
your essay response:
Calculate the sum, mean, mode, median, standard deviation,
range, skew, and kurtosis for each group.
How do the two groups differ?
Are there any outliers in either data group?
What effect does an outlier have on a sample?
Lastly, double each sample by repeating the same 10 data points
in each group. You will have a total of 20 data points for each
group. After completing this, address the following in your
essay response:
Calculate the following for the new data groups: sum, mean,
mode, median, standard deviation, range, skew, and kurtosis.
Did any of the values change?
How does sample size affect those values?
Part B: Research Study Critique

15. In this second portion of the Final Exam, you will identify and
critically evaluate a quantitative research article based on a
social science topic. Your selected article must include a
research question(s) and/or hypothesis(es) and utilize statistical
analyses covered in the course. The article must be peer-
reviewed and published within the last 10 years.
In the body of your critique, describe the statistical approaches
used, the variables included, the hypothesis(es) proposed, and
the interpretation of the results. In your conclusion, suggest
other statistical approaches that could have been used and, if
appropriate, suggest alternative interpretations of the results.
This process will allow you to apply the concepts learned
throughout the course in the interpretation of actual scientific
research. Your critique must include the following sections:
Introduction
: This section will include a general introduction of the
quantitative study from a peer-reviewed source published within
the last 10 years. The research questions and/or hypothesis(es)
as well as the purpose of the study should be clearly defined.
Methods
: Describe and evaluate the procedures and methods of data
collection, measures/instruments used, the participants and how
they were selected, and the statistical techniques used.
Results
: In this section describe and critique the results presented in
the study.
Discussion
: Discuss and evaluate the efficacy of the results presented in
the study. Address, the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations
of the study, and suggest future research directions. Include
additional forms of statistical analyses as part of the
suggestions for future research.
The Research Study Critique:
Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (excluding
title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style
as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Use 12-point font,

16. with 1-inch margins.
Must use the sections and headings described above.
Must address the article with critical thought by examining,
reflecting, and evaluating the article from an objective
viewpoint and by using facts to support your argument. Refer to
the
Critical Thinking Community
website for further assistance.
Must end with a conclusion that summarizes your critical
evaluation.
Must use one quantitative research study from a peer-reviewed
source that was published within the last 10 years.
Must properly cite the source article in APA style as outlined in
the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to
APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Carefully review the
Grading Rubric
for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.