The Jeffersonian Era saw the beginnings of industrialization in America through innovations like the cotton gin and steamboat, though the country remained largely agrarian. Jefferson sought to reduce the size and power of the federal government. However, his purchase of Louisiana expanded federal power and upset some Federalists. Political tensions rose further after Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr, a former vice president and political rival. The Federalist influence continued through Chief Justice John Marshall, who established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review. These tensions eventually led to the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain.

1. Chapter 7
The Jeffersonian Era

2. Stirrings of Industrialism
• Although overwhelmingly rural and
agrarian, America was moving slowly in the
direction of an urban industrial society.
• England
• Social Changes-rural to urban
migration, higher standard of living, (middle
class, working) psychological costs
• Prohibit expertise

3. • Samuel Slater
• One of the prerequisites for industrialization is
a good system for transporting materials to
factories and finished goods to market.
• Robert Fulton--steamboat
• Eli Whitney—interchangeable parts and
cotton gin
• Era of turnpikes

4. Jefferson the President
• Tried to reconcile Republicans and Federalist
• Successful in reversing the Federalist tredn of
a large central government by:
• --repealing the whiskey tax
• --reducing government spending
• --retiring half the national debt
• --reducing the size of army and navy (West
Point)

5. • But he at times seem like a Federalist:
• --did not repeal Protective tariff
• --did recharter the National Bank
• --and bought the Louisiana Purchase
• L. P. upset some Federalist—why? Power—
some extreme Federalist were so upset they
wanted to secede—but states like NY and NJ
must be part of scheme. Hamilton refused to
support the scheme.

6. Duel
• Federalists agreed to turn to Hamilton’s
biggest rival Aaron Burr, the VP. to make him a
candidate for governor of NY and support the
secession plan.
• Burr lost the election and blamed Hamilton
and challenged Hamilton to a duel.

7. John Marshall
• The Federalists’ last stronghold was the
judiciar, with judges appointed for like.
• Midnight appointments—John Marshall—34
years he served—Marbury v Madison—est.
judicial review

8. War of 1812
• Reasons:
• --tensions in Europe
• impressment
• Westward expansion
• Ways to conquer Canada
• Henry Clay—war hawk
• Fort McHenry—Francis Scott Key-The Star
Spangled Banner
• Battle of New Orleans—Andrew Jackson

9. • Treaty of Ghent ended the fighting and solved
little else.
• We won the war in that we weren’t blown out
of the water—a new spirit of nationalism over
comes America—a Spirit of Good Feelings