The Vietnam War lasted from 1956 to 1975 and involved North Vietnam and the Viet Cong fighting against South Vietnam and the United States. It began as an anti-colonial rebellion against French control of Vietnam and escalated into a proxy war between the U.S. and Soviet Union amid the Cold War. Despite massive U.S. military involvement and bombing campaigns, the Vietnam War ended with a Communist victory in 1975 after the fall of Saigon. The war was highly controversial in the U.S. and had lasting domestic political and cultural impacts.
Vietnam war for Cambridge IGCSE HistoryJoanie Yeung
Introduction of Vietcong, Why did USA get involved in Vietnam? Why did USA fail to defeat the Vietcong? What were the roles played by the media and public opinion in USA? How did the Vietnam War end?
Vietnam war for Cambridge IGCSE HistoryJoanie Yeung
Introduction of Vietcong, Why did USA get involved in Vietnam? Why did USA fail to defeat the Vietcong? What were the roles played by the media and public opinion in USA? How did the Vietnam War end?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
3. The Vietnam War Background
• Vietnam ( Indochina) was a colony of France for
decades
• From 1939-1945 Vietnam was controlled by Japan
• After WWII, just like in Korea, Vietnam was divided
(17th parallel) North Vietnam was controlled by the
Communist, while South Vietnam was allied to the U.S.
• The North was led by Ho Chi Minh , his goal was to
unite Vietnam into one nation
4. The French and Vietnam
But the French had no intention of
seeing Vietnam become independent
or communist. The French asked the
US to help—this put the US in a
difficult position.
5. • The US didn’t want the French to have
Vietnam but it didn’t want Vietnam to
become communist either—remember the
Cold War is still going on.
• So the US helped the French with money
and war materials.
• But after much fighting, the French gave up.
The US was left holding up South Vietnam
6.
7. • after the French left Vietnam it remained divided. The
South being governed Diem. His government was very
unstable. But the U.S. still supported the South.
• Ho Chi Minh’s goals had not changed
8. Elections
President Diem refused to have elections—said
that Ho Chi Minh would not have fair elections.
So Ho Chi Minh organized a new guerrilla army,
Vietcong, and sent them down to South Vietnam.
The US increased aid to South Vietnam but
despite all the aid and advisors, the Vietcong
continued to be powerful.
9. • One reason the Vietcong was so powerful
was because the South Vietnamese did not
like President Diem—he was corrupt and
catholic and increasingly discriminatory
against the Buddhists—the majority religion
in the area.
12. • The assassination of Diem with the
approval of the Kennedy’s admistration
only made matters worse in Vietnam. It
grew increasingly weak and unstable. The
US became even more deeply involved. The
President Kennedy was killed. Now the
problem became Johnson’s.
13. The United States Goes To Vietnam
• In the 1950’s President Eisenhower, sent some advisors and
money to aid the French in their fight
• In 1960 President Kennedy sent 2,000 advisors to South
Vietnam
• After Kennedy was assassinated President Johnson was
determined not to let Vietnam meet the same fate as China and
North Korea
• American involvement in Vietnam was based on the “Domino
Theory” that if Vietnam fell to the communist so would all of
South East Asia
14. Johnson and Vietnam
No President wanted to appear soft on
Communism. He did not want the
fate that Truman had had in regards
to China. On one hand he says “we
do not seek to widen this conflict”
and on the other hand he sought a
way to “win” this struggle.
15. 1965 The Escalation Begins
• The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, and
Resolution
• In 1965 an American warship was
attacked by North Vietnamese forces in
the Gulf Of Tonkin. LBJ used this
incident to say “ The U.S. would use
any means possible to defend South
Vietnam from Communism”.
16. The War In Vietnam 1965-1972
• Between 1965 and 1968 U.S. forces
escalated from about 150,000 to over 500,00
men
years from 1965 to 1968.
17. Vietnam The Soldiers War
• The average age of the Vietnam War soldier was 18
years old, many of whom were drafted. They faced many
hardships.The geography and climate of Vietnam was
very difficult. The enemy was also very difficult he could
be your friend by day and killing you by night.
18. The Vietnam War 1960-1965
• Starting in around 1960 the North began guerilla
attacks into the South using a citizen army called the
Viet Cong, Charlie, V.C., Ghosts
19.
20.
21. • And as the war dragged on, they faced a very
unpopular war
• They also faced all kinds of Booby Traps.
27. An Antiwar Movement Emerges
• As the casualties began to build in Vietnam,
many people began to protest the war.
28. Why?
• A Civil war in which the US had no
business in
• South Vietnam was a world away—no
relevance
• Anger at the Draft--unfair
• Many famous started to voice opposition to
the war
30. 1968 The Turning Point Year
• Up to 1968 President Johnson, General Westmoreland assured the
American people we were winning in Vietnam
• The Vietcong and the regular North Vietnamese army executed the
Tet Offensive. They attacked every major city in South Vietnam
including Saigon
32. Effects of the Tet Offensive
• Although the Tet Offensive was not a military victory,
it had dramatic effects in America, public opinion
began to turn against the war. The anti-war protest
became larger and louder. LBJ under extreme
pressure chooses not to run for re-election in 1968.
33. 1968-A year of Violence
MLK killed in April
http://youtu.be/BCrx_u3825g
34. The Election of 1968
Republican Richard M. Nixon runs for
President pledging to end the War-with a
secret plan.
Many Democrats try to get the nomination:
Robert Kennedy
Eugene McCarthy
Hubert Humphrey
36. Chicago Democratic Convention
• Stung by the loss of the one candidate who
might have been able to win the election
and end the war, demonstrators set out to
Chicago. Thousands stormed into Chicago,
where Mayor Richard Daley prepared
12,000 policeman—armed with billy clubs,
tear gas and guns-- to keep order—the result
massive confrontation
37. “The whole world is watching”
• http://youtu.be/oQkgCZylkBc
• http://youtu.be/epxmX_58tOo
• http://youtu.be/eaBwgsZhZJA
• 1968- The Conventions
• http://youtu.be/0l4n5uw_GFM
• 1968 Mexico Olympics
• http://youtu.be/uqhv1g0sIpY
• http://youtu.be/k9NsN0ybTec -trailer
38. Nixon Becomes President
• He becomes President and starts
Vietnamization—the process of gradual
withdrawal of US troops from Vietnam. And at
the same time starts to bomb Cambodia and
Laos
• Pentagon Papers-Daniel
Ellsburg -the individual most
responsible for illegally leaking
the Pentagon Papers to the
press in 1971
42. Nixon and the Vietnam War
• Nixon was elected on the promise he would get use
out of Vietnam “ Peace With Honor”
• He began a process of Vietnamization, turning the
war over to South Vietnam.
• After negotiations with China and Russia, and
continued bombing he was able to secure the peace
• Jan 1973, Nixon announced the suspension of all
military action in Vietnam
• The terms were simple The North would not invade
the South and we would leave Vietnam
43. The Fall of Saigon 1975
http://youtu.be/IdR2Iktffaw
44. The Effects of the Vietnam War
• 58,000 Americans died, thousands were wounded.
Millions of Vietnamese died
• Cost America millions of dollars
• Americans began to distrust and question the
government
• We did not win. Wars had to be short and decisive
• The War Power Act, said the President could not
send troops anywhere without congressional approval
46. • Despite the belief in the Domino Theory,
communism did not spread to the rest of
Southeast Asia. However in Cambodia a
horrible and repressive regime came into
power under the government of Pol Pot.
47. • He wanted to completely erase any western,
capitalist, or colonialist influence on his
people. Estimates are that he killed ¼ of the
population. Vietnam will overthrow that
regime.
48. Historical Perspective
• US failed to achieve its military objective
WHY?
Critics argue the US failed to understand the
nature of the war
Understood the conflict in simply Cold War
terms and not a Civil War
Lack of Asian experts
49. • Some military leaders blame the civilian
government placing restrictions on he
conduct of the war
• Some leaders blame the media
50. Lessons from Vietnam
• Should not go into an area with no vital
interest to our security
• Should not go into a War unless confident
they can rally and sustain the support of the
American people