The document provides instructions for students to complete notes on reproduction using computers, turn in exit tickets and concept maps independently, and lists the longest gestation period as elephants at nearly two years. It also defines different types of asexual reproduction, compares advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction, and outlines the female and male reproductive systems and processes of gamete formation, fertilization, and fetal development.
This document contains information about different types of reproduction including asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, types of asexual reproduction like budding, regeneration, and binary fission. It provides objectives and activities for students to differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction and identify the type of reproduction in different organisms.
The document discusses various topics related to human reproduction including:
1) It defines key terms like embryo, sperm, fetus, ovum, and zygote and explains which are alive and can grow into a new individual.
2) It compares male and female gametes in terms of their size, structure, and relative numbers.
3) It defines ovulation as the release of an ovum from the ovaries, which occurs about every 28 days in humans.
4) It explains why the chance of fertilization is restricted to only a few days each month in humans.
Asexual reproduction involves mitosis to produce genetically identical offspring while sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization to produce genetically diverse offspring. Asexual reproduction is found in unicellular organisms and some multicellular organisms and has the advantages of not requiring a mate and faster reproduction. However, it provides no genetic variation. Sexual reproduction is more common and provides genetic variation which allows species to adapt to environmental changes.
Integrated Science M3 Sexual Reproduction in HumanseLearningJa
This document provides an overview of sexual reproduction in humans. It discusses the changes that occur during puberty when the body becomes capable of reproduction. Hormones like testosterone and estrogen influence the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males and females. This allows for the production of gametes through meiosis in the ovaries and testes. The role of meiosis in forming egg and sperm cells from diploid body cells is described. The document also outlines the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems and their role in fertilization and pregnancy.
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce offspring that contain a mix of characteristics from both parents. This allows for more variations in offspring, which is advantageous for species survival when environmental conditions change. Variations in offspring increase the chance that some will possess traits making them resistant to new threats. Sexual reproduction requires contributions from both sexes through their different gametes - sperm from males and eggs from females.
The document provides information about human reproduction:
- It describes the male and female reproductive systems and the journey of sperm and egg through the systems. The sperm fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tubes.
- It explains the process of fertilization and the early stages of development from zygote to embryo to fetus. The fetus develops over nine months before birth.
- Key parts of the male system that are mentioned include the testes, penis, and sperm. The female system includes the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina.
The document discusses various modes of reproduction in animals including asexual reproduction through budding and binary fission, as well as sexual reproduction which involves the fusion of egg and sperm. It describes the male and female reproductive systems and the processes of internal and external fertilization. It also discusses embryonic development, in vitro fertilization, frog lifecycles, and Dolly the sheep who was the first cloned mammal.
This document discusses animal reproduction. It describes the male and female reproductive systems of cows, including testes, ovaries, sperm and eggs. It explains the processes of internal and external fertilization, where fertilization occurs inside or outside the body. It provides examples of animals that exhibit each type of fertilization. The document also briefly discusses asexual reproduction through budding in hydra and flatworms. It notes selective breeding and artificial breeding as methods used by humans to influence animal offspring traits.
This document contains information about different types of reproduction including asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, types of asexual reproduction like budding, regeneration, and binary fission. It provides objectives and activities for students to differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction and identify the type of reproduction in different organisms.
The document discusses various topics related to human reproduction including:
1) It defines key terms like embryo, sperm, fetus, ovum, and zygote and explains which are alive and can grow into a new individual.
2) It compares male and female gametes in terms of their size, structure, and relative numbers.
3) It defines ovulation as the release of an ovum from the ovaries, which occurs about every 28 days in humans.
4) It explains why the chance of fertilization is restricted to only a few days each month in humans.
Asexual reproduction involves mitosis to produce genetically identical offspring while sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization to produce genetically diverse offspring. Asexual reproduction is found in unicellular organisms and some multicellular organisms and has the advantages of not requiring a mate and faster reproduction. However, it provides no genetic variation. Sexual reproduction is more common and provides genetic variation which allows species to adapt to environmental changes.
Integrated Science M3 Sexual Reproduction in HumanseLearningJa
This document provides an overview of sexual reproduction in humans. It discusses the changes that occur during puberty when the body becomes capable of reproduction. Hormones like testosterone and estrogen influence the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males and females. This allows for the production of gametes through meiosis in the ovaries and testes. The role of meiosis in forming egg and sperm cells from diploid body cells is described. The document also outlines the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems and their role in fertilization and pregnancy.
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce offspring that contain a mix of characteristics from both parents. This allows for more variations in offspring, which is advantageous for species survival when environmental conditions change. Variations in offspring increase the chance that some will possess traits making them resistant to new threats. Sexual reproduction requires contributions from both sexes through their different gametes - sperm from males and eggs from females.
The document provides information about human reproduction:
- It describes the male and female reproductive systems and the journey of sperm and egg through the systems. The sperm fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tubes.
- It explains the process of fertilization and the early stages of development from zygote to embryo to fetus. The fetus develops over nine months before birth.
- Key parts of the male system that are mentioned include the testes, penis, and sperm. The female system includes the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina.
The document discusses various modes of reproduction in animals including asexual reproduction through budding and binary fission, as well as sexual reproduction which involves the fusion of egg and sperm. It describes the male and female reproductive systems and the processes of internal and external fertilization. It also discusses embryonic development, in vitro fertilization, frog lifecycles, and Dolly the sheep who was the first cloned mammal.
This document discusses animal reproduction. It describes the male and female reproductive systems of cows, including testes, ovaries, sperm and eggs. It explains the processes of internal and external fertilization, where fertilization occurs inside or outside the body. It provides examples of animals that exhibit each type of fertilization. The document also briefly discusses asexual reproduction through budding in hydra and flatworms. It notes selective breeding and artificial breeding as methods used by humans to influence animal offspring traits.
This document discusses reproduction in animals. It begins by introducing the two main modes of reproduction - sexual and asexual. Sexual reproduction requires males and females that produce gametes which fuse during fertilization, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent. Examples of sexual reproduction discussed include the human reproductive system and fertilization process. Development of the embryo and birth of offspring is also outlined. Examples are provided to distinguish between viviparous animals that give birth and oviparous animals that lay eggs. The document concludes by briefly describing asexual reproduction through budding and binary fission in hydra and amoeba respectively.
Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav ghankhede
There are two types of reproduction: sexual and asexual. Sexual reproduction involves both male and female reproductive organs and gametes fusing during fertilization. The male organs produce sperm and the female organs produce eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tubes, forming a zygote that develops into an embryo and fetus. Fertilization can be internal, occurring inside the female body as in humans, or external, occurring outside the body as in fish. Asexual reproduction requires only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical through processes like budding.
Form 3 Science Chapter 4 Reproductive System and fertilisationSook Yen Wong
The document summarizes the human reproductive system and process of reproduction. It describes that males have testes that produce sperm and a penis, while females have ovaries that produce eggs and a uterus. Fertilization occurs when a sperm penetrates an egg in the female's ovaries or fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg then implants in the uterus and develops into a fetus over 9 months of pregnancy before birth. Key parts of both the male and female reproductive systems and stages of fertilization, pregnancy, and birth are outlined.
By Rehet Kaur Bhatia 8D . This is created With a lot of patience and hard work And is not to scale. this chapter is Intrusting and teaches us alot of things.
House flies, chickens, and other animals reproduce through various life cycles and methods. Sexual reproduction can involve internal or external fertilization, while asexual reproduction occurs through budding or regeneration without fertilization. Advanced breeding techniques for animals include selective breeding, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and cloning.
Here are brief descriptions of the changes taking place in each stage of the human menstrual cycle:
Stage 1 (Menstruation): The lining of the uterus sheds and is expelled from the body. The ovaries do not release an egg.
Stage 2 (Follicular phase): Under the influence of hormones FSH and estrogen, follicles in the ovaries mature and one follicle prepares to release its egg (ovum).
Stage 3 (Ovulation): A surge of LH causes the mature follicle to rupture and release the ovum. The follicle then develops into the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone.
Stage 4 (Luteal phase): Under the influence of progesterone, the lining of the uterus thick
1. The document discusses different modes of reproduction in animals including asexual reproduction through binary fission and budding, as well as sexual reproduction involving male and female gametes and fertilization.
2. It describes sexual reproduction in more detail, including internal and external fertilization and oviparous and viviparous animals.
3. Key aspects of human sexual reproduction are outlined for both sexes, including reproductive organs and their functions in producing and transporting gametes and embryos.
This document discusses several topics related to human reproduction and growth, including:
1. It outlines learning objectives on gamete formation, the menstrual cycle, early zygote development, and the role of science and technology in human reproduction.
2. It then provides details on gamete formation in males and females, explaining spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
3. The role of hormones in regulating the menstrual cycle is analyzed, outlining the hormones involved and how they influence follicle development, ovulation, and the endometrium throughout the cycle.
1. The male gamete (sperm) fuses with the female gamete (ova/egg) during fertilization to form a zygote.
2. The zygote develops into an embryo that is implanted in the uterus and receives nutrients via the placenta and umbilical cord without mixing of the mother and embryo's blood.
3. Childbirth is triggered by contractions that open the cervix and push the baby through the birth canal, after which the placenta detaches and is delivered.
Reproduction is the biological process by which new organisms are produced. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual reproduction which requires only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent, and sexual reproduction which involves both male and female gametes fusing to produce offspring with a mix of characteristics from both parents. Sexual reproduction in humans involves the male reproductive system producing sperm and the female reproductive system producing eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg, forming a zygote, and pregnancy and childbirth follow.
The document is a science presentation about reproduction in animals. It discusses various topics like what is reproduction, the importance of reproduction, types of reproduction including asexual and sexual reproduction. It describes the male and female reproductive organs and gametes. It explains the process of fertilization, development of the embryo, viviparous and oviparous animals. It provides examples of asexual reproduction and discusses metamorphosis.
1) The document discusses sexual and asexual reproduction in humans. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, while asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve gametes.
2) It also describes the male and female reproductive systems, including the structures and functions of the testes, ovaries, sperm, and egg. Changes during puberty are also outlined.
3) The menstrual cycle, fertilization process, development of the embryo and fetus, and importance of prenatal care are explained in detail. Risks of smoking, drinking alcohol and inadequate nutrition during pregnancy are highlighted.
Reproduction in animal for class 8th by Sarita ChourasiaSaritaChourasia
This document summarizes reproduction in living organisms. It defines reproduction as the process by which organisms produce more of their own kind. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual reproduction, which involves one parent and produces offspring that are clones; and sexual reproduction, which involves two parents mixing their genetic material to produce unique offspring. The document then describes and compares the key aspects of asexual and sexual reproduction. It also outlines the stages of sexual reproduction in humans, including fertilization, zygote development, and childbirth. Finally, it provides an overview of metamorphosis in frogs from egg to tadpole to adult.
Plants can reproduce both asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction involves mitosis and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in offspring with a unique combination of genes from both parents. Gametes are haploid cells that are formed through meiosis in the parent organism in order to combine and form a diploid zygote.
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction mechanisms in animals. For sexual reproduction, it describes the processes of gamete production, fertilization through internal or external means, and embryonic development through cleavage, gastrulation and organogenesis. For embryonic development, it highlights adaptations in amniotes including extraembryonic membranes. Offspring can be precocial or altricial at birth depending on the level of development.
The document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the structure and function of the male reproductive organs, including the testes, penis, and accessory glands. It explains that testosterone controls the development of male secondary sex characteristics at puberty, such as facial hair and muscle growth. The document also outlines the structure and function of the female reproductive organs, including the ovaries, uterus, and vagina. It states that estrogen controls the development of female secondary sex characteristics, such as breast growth and menstruation. Finally, it summarizes the menstrual cycle and the roles of hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone in regulating the cycle.
The document discusses various topics related to sexual and asexual reproduction including male and female reproductive organs, fertilization, internal and external fertilization, zygote formation, embryo and fetus development, test-tube babies, frog reproduction and metamorphosis, and examples of asexual reproduction such as binary fission, budding, and cloning through the example of Dolly the sheep. It provides detailed information on human and frog reproductive systems and processes.
The document discusses various topics related to the life cycle and reproduction in organisms. It includes fill-in-the-blank questions about sexual and asexual reproduction, terms related to plant reproduction like stamen and pollination, and examples of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms like binary fission in amoeba and budding in yeast. There are also questions about regeneration, advantages of sexual reproduction, menstruation, and modes of reproduction in plants and unicellular organisms.
Animal-Reproduction and each type and functionpptxcheryltayas3
Animal reproduction is the biological process by which animals produce offspring to maintain their species. It occurs through sexual or asexual means. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce genetically diverse offspring, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent. Both have advantages and disadvantages for the survival of species. Key methods of sexual reproduction in animals include internal and external fertilization, and embryonic development occurs internally or externally. Animal reproduction plays a crucial role in ecosystem functioning and species survival.
This document discusses reproduction in animals. It begins by introducing the two main modes of reproduction - sexual and asexual. Sexual reproduction requires males and females that produce gametes which fuse during fertilization, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent. Examples of sexual reproduction discussed include the human reproductive system and fertilization process. Development of the embryo and birth of offspring is also outlined. Examples are provided to distinguish between viviparous animals that give birth and oviparous animals that lay eggs. The document concludes by briefly describing asexual reproduction through budding and binary fission in hydra and amoeba respectively.
Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav Reproduction in animals by gaurav ghankhede
There are two types of reproduction: sexual and asexual. Sexual reproduction involves both male and female reproductive organs and gametes fusing during fertilization. The male organs produce sperm and the female organs produce eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tubes, forming a zygote that develops into an embryo and fetus. Fertilization can be internal, occurring inside the female body as in humans, or external, occurring outside the body as in fish. Asexual reproduction requires only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical through processes like budding.
Form 3 Science Chapter 4 Reproductive System and fertilisationSook Yen Wong
The document summarizes the human reproductive system and process of reproduction. It describes that males have testes that produce sperm and a penis, while females have ovaries that produce eggs and a uterus. Fertilization occurs when a sperm penetrates an egg in the female's ovaries or fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg then implants in the uterus and develops into a fetus over 9 months of pregnancy before birth. Key parts of both the male and female reproductive systems and stages of fertilization, pregnancy, and birth are outlined.
By Rehet Kaur Bhatia 8D . This is created With a lot of patience and hard work And is not to scale. this chapter is Intrusting and teaches us alot of things.
House flies, chickens, and other animals reproduce through various life cycles and methods. Sexual reproduction can involve internal or external fertilization, while asexual reproduction occurs through budding or regeneration without fertilization. Advanced breeding techniques for animals include selective breeding, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and cloning.
Here are brief descriptions of the changes taking place in each stage of the human menstrual cycle:
Stage 1 (Menstruation): The lining of the uterus sheds and is expelled from the body. The ovaries do not release an egg.
Stage 2 (Follicular phase): Under the influence of hormones FSH and estrogen, follicles in the ovaries mature and one follicle prepares to release its egg (ovum).
Stage 3 (Ovulation): A surge of LH causes the mature follicle to rupture and release the ovum. The follicle then develops into the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone.
Stage 4 (Luteal phase): Under the influence of progesterone, the lining of the uterus thick
1. The document discusses different modes of reproduction in animals including asexual reproduction through binary fission and budding, as well as sexual reproduction involving male and female gametes and fertilization.
2. It describes sexual reproduction in more detail, including internal and external fertilization and oviparous and viviparous animals.
3. Key aspects of human sexual reproduction are outlined for both sexes, including reproductive organs and their functions in producing and transporting gametes and embryos.
This document discusses several topics related to human reproduction and growth, including:
1. It outlines learning objectives on gamete formation, the menstrual cycle, early zygote development, and the role of science and technology in human reproduction.
2. It then provides details on gamete formation in males and females, explaining spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
3. The role of hormones in regulating the menstrual cycle is analyzed, outlining the hormones involved and how they influence follicle development, ovulation, and the endometrium throughout the cycle.
1. The male gamete (sperm) fuses with the female gamete (ova/egg) during fertilization to form a zygote.
2. The zygote develops into an embryo that is implanted in the uterus and receives nutrients via the placenta and umbilical cord without mixing of the mother and embryo's blood.
3. Childbirth is triggered by contractions that open the cervix and push the baby through the birth canal, after which the placenta detaches and is delivered.
Reproduction is the biological process by which new organisms are produced. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual reproduction which requires only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent, and sexual reproduction which involves both male and female gametes fusing to produce offspring with a mix of characteristics from both parents. Sexual reproduction in humans involves the male reproductive system producing sperm and the female reproductive system producing eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg, forming a zygote, and pregnancy and childbirth follow.
The document is a science presentation about reproduction in animals. It discusses various topics like what is reproduction, the importance of reproduction, types of reproduction including asexual and sexual reproduction. It describes the male and female reproductive organs and gametes. It explains the process of fertilization, development of the embryo, viviparous and oviparous animals. It provides examples of asexual reproduction and discusses metamorphosis.
1) The document discusses sexual and asexual reproduction in humans. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, while asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve gametes.
2) It also describes the male and female reproductive systems, including the structures and functions of the testes, ovaries, sperm, and egg. Changes during puberty are also outlined.
3) The menstrual cycle, fertilization process, development of the embryo and fetus, and importance of prenatal care are explained in detail. Risks of smoking, drinking alcohol and inadequate nutrition during pregnancy are highlighted.
Reproduction in animal for class 8th by Sarita ChourasiaSaritaChourasia
This document summarizes reproduction in living organisms. It defines reproduction as the process by which organisms produce more of their own kind. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual reproduction, which involves one parent and produces offspring that are clones; and sexual reproduction, which involves two parents mixing their genetic material to produce unique offspring. The document then describes and compares the key aspects of asexual and sexual reproduction. It also outlines the stages of sexual reproduction in humans, including fertilization, zygote development, and childbirth. Finally, it provides an overview of metamorphosis in frogs from egg to tadpole to adult.
Plants can reproduce both asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction involves mitosis and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in offspring with a unique combination of genes from both parents. Gametes are haploid cells that are formed through meiosis in the parent organism in order to combine and form a diploid zygote.
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction mechanisms in animals. For sexual reproduction, it describes the processes of gamete production, fertilization through internal or external means, and embryonic development through cleavage, gastrulation and organogenesis. For embryonic development, it highlights adaptations in amniotes including extraembryonic membranes. Offspring can be precocial or altricial at birth depending on the level of development.
The document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the structure and function of the male reproductive organs, including the testes, penis, and accessory glands. It explains that testosterone controls the development of male secondary sex characteristics at puberty, such as facial hair and muscle growth. The document also outlines the structure and function of the female reproductive organs, including the ovaries, uterus, and vagina. It states that estrogen controls the development of female secondary sex characteristics, such as breast growth and menstruation. Finally, it summarizes the menstrual cycle and the roles of hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone in regulating the cycle.
The document discusses various topics related to sexual and asexual reproduction including male and female reproductive organs, fertilization, internal and external fertilization, zygote formation, embryo and fetus development, test-tube babies, frog reproduction and metamorphosis, and examples of asexual reproduction such as binary fission, budding, and cloning through the example of Dolly the sheep. It provides detailed information on human and frog reproductive systems and processes.
The document discusses various topics related to the life cycle and reproduction in organisms. It includes fill-in-the-blank questions about sexual and asexual reproduction, terms related to plant reproduction like stamen and pollination, and examples of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms like binary fission in amoeba and budding in yeast. There are also questions about regeneration, advantages of sexual reproduction, menstruation, and modes of reproduction in plants and unicellular organisms.
Animal-Reproduction and each type and functionpptxcheryltayas3
Animal reproduction is the biological process by which animals produce offspring to maintain their species. It occurs through sexual or asexual means. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce genetically diverse offspring, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent. Both have advantages and disadvantages for the survival of species. Key methods of sexual reproduction in animals include internal and external fertilization, and embryonic development occurs internally or externally. Animal reproduction plays a crucial role in ecosystem functioning and species survival.
1. The document discusses plant and animal organ systems and their functions, focusing on reproduction. It describes both asexual and sexual reproduction in animals.
2. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of egg and sperm to form a zygote, while asexual reproduction does not involve fertilization.
3. The document outlines the key reproductive organs in male and female humans and other animals like ovaries, testes, penis, and vagina.
4. It also discusses fertilization, important reproductive variations, and the nutrient requirements for plants.
Animal reproduction can occur through asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves one individual producing genetically identical offspring through processes like budding, fragmentation, or regeneration. Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in offspring with genetic characteristics from both parents. Sexual reproduction introduces genetic diversity in populations. Reproduction is regulated by seasonal and hormonal cues to ensure offspring are born under favorable conditions.
Gametogenesis is the process by which haploid gametes are formed from diploid germ cells through cell division and maturation. It occurs in four phases: primordial germ cell formation, mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and gamete maturation. In males (spermatogenesis), it occurs in the testes and produces sperm through spermatogonial mitosis and spermatocyte meiosis. In females (oogenesis), it occurs in the ovaries and arrests at two points during meiotic prophase I to produce ova.
This document compares and contrasts asexual and sexual reproduction. It discusses the key differences between the two, including that asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical, while sexual reproduction involves two parents of different sexes and produces unique offspring through genetic variation. The document also examines external and internal fertilization, and describes the processes of fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis in asexual reproduction. For sexual reproduction, it details the differences between external fertilization commonly seen in aquatic environments and internal fertilization in land animals, as well as the offspring development processes of oviparity, ovoviparity, and viviparity.
Class 8 - Chapter 12 Reproduction in Animals.pptxBasavarajBasagi1
This chapter discusses different modes of reproduction in animals including sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes while asexual reproduction requires only a single parent. The document describes the male and female reproductive organs and the process of fertilization, including internal and external fertilization. It provides examples of viviparous and oviparous animals and how embryos develop into fetuses within the uterus. The chapter also briefly discusses asexual reproduction through binary fission in amoeba.
1. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical. It is common in unicellular organisms and allows for rapid population growth.
2. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring with genetic variation. In humans, gametes from the male and female reproductive systems fuse during fertilization, forming a zygote that develops into an embryo.
3. Reproduction, whether asexual or sexual, ensures the continuity of species from one generation to the next. It increases genetic diversity which allows populations to adapt to their environments.
The document summarizes the human reproductive system and stages of human growth. It also discusses the reproductive systems of representative animal groups like amphibians, birds, fish, and mammals. Key parts of each system are described along with their functions in reproduction. Differences in external and internal fertilization between groups are also mentioned.
The document summarizes the human reproductive system and stages of human growth. It also discusses the reproductive systems of representative animal groups like amphibians, birds, fish, and mammals. Key parts of the reproductive systems are described for each group, including their functions in producing gametes and supporting development. The modes of reproduction for different animal groups are also compared, such as external vs internal fertilization.
Chap 0 The Questions of Developmental Biology.pptxkhizramaqsood3
The document discusses the fundamental questions of developmental biology. It identifies seven main questions that developmental biologists study: 1) differentiation - how a single cell generates many cell types, 2) morphogenesis - how cellular growth and migration create organized form, 3) growth - how cell division is regulated, 4) reproduction - how germ cells transmit instructions to form new organisms, 5) regeneration - how some cells retain the ability to form new structures, 6) evolution - how developmental changes create new body forms over generations, and 7) environmental integration - how the environment influences embryonic development.
This document covers topics related to human reproduction, including:
1. It defines asexual and sexual reproduction, and describes the roles of gametes and fertilization in sexual reproduction.
2. It outlines the male and female reproductive systems, labeling and describing the functions of key organs like the testes, ovaries, uterus and more.
3. It discusses puberty, the menstrual cycle regulated by hormones, sexual intercourse, fertilization, embryo development, fetal development, and the roles of the amniotic sac, amniotic fluid, placenta and umbilical cord in pregnancy.
This document provides information on asexual and sexual reproduction in animals and plants. It also discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Some key points:
- Asexual reproduction occurs through binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis and produces offspring identical to the parent without mating. Sexual reproduction uses gametes and results in offspring with genetic variation.
- Genetic engineering directly manipulates genes using biotechnology, while artificial selection indirectly manipulates genes through selective breeding, hybridization, and inbreeding to produce desired traits.
- GMOs have been developed for food and medicine, with benefits including reduced pesticide use, improved nutrition, and reliance on GM crops for medicines. However
Female reproductive system 2 (Histology of Ovary, Oogenesis & Follicular Deve...Dr. Sarita Sharma
The document summarizes the female reproductive system, specifically the ovaries and oogenesis (egg formation). It describes the histology and structure of the ovaries, including the germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla, and ovarian follicles. It then explains the process of oogenesis, from primordial germ cells to primary oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells in primordial follicles. Upon stimulation by hormones, follicles develop through primary, secondary, and tertiary stages, with the release of a secondary oocyte at ovulation.
Molecular & genetic mechanisms of onto genesisEneutron
1) The document discusses various mechanisms of sexual and asexual reproduction in organisms. It describes gametogenesis, fertilization, and the main stages of ontogenesis including cleavage, gastrulation, and formation of organs and systems.
2) The two main types of reproduction are asexual, which produces offspring genetically identical to the parent, and sexual, which involves meiosis and fusion of male and female gametes to create offspring with genetic material from both parents.
3) Fertilization is the fusion of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote, which then undergoes cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis during development.
1. Get 4 pipe cleaners in 4 different colors, with one pair being partners and the other pair being partners.
2. The document discusses cell division, including the two types of cell division - mitosis and meiosis. It provides details on the key stages and events of each.
3. Examples are given of mitosis (healing a wound) versus meiosis (fertilizing a lily). A practice with pipe cleaners to model chromosomes and cell division is described.
Similar to AP bio ch. 46 & 47 reproduction and development for 4 /2 /18 (20)
Ap bio ch. 43 part 2 immune humoral immunity (2)Rosio DeLeon
The document provides information on innate and adaptive immunity, contrasting their characteristics and components. It also describes processes like phagocytosis, antibody structure and function, antigen recognition, immunological memory, and mechanisms of self-tolerance that prevent autoimmunity. Students are assigned a task to contrast innate and adaptive immunity and label components of the innate immune response.
Ap bio ch. 43 part 2 immune humoral immunity (2)Rosio DeLeon
Here are the answers to your questions:
1) Four polypeptide chains came together to form this antibody.
2) Disulfide bonds are very strong bonds.
3) The variable regions will bind to an antigen.
4) "Variable" means these regions vary between antibodies, while "constant" means these regions are always the same.
5) The structure looks similar to the antigen receptor because antibodies are secreted versions of the B cell's antigen receptor.
This document discusses plant adaptations to different environments. It explains that desert plants have developed three main strategies to survive: succulence, drought tolerance, and drought avoidance. Succulent plants store water in their tissues, drought tolerant plants can withstand dry periods without dying by shedding leaves, and drought avoiding plants have a short life cycle to escape dry conditions. The document also discusses carnivorous plants that get nutrients from trapping insects because they grow in nutrient-poor soil, and uses the Venus flytrap as an example of an adapted carnivorous plant.
This document contains information about an assignment due on Monday to complete a lab report, lists of students assigned to Saturday school sessions, and notes from a biology class on plant growth and tropism. The biology notes discuss key topics like germination, vascular tissue, meristems, phototropism, gravitropism, thigmotropism, and how the plant hormone auxin controls tropism and growth. Processing pieces require students to answer questions applying the concepts and illustrating topics like the types of tropism and how auxin causes phototropism.
Flowers produce pollen grains containing male gametes in their anthers. They attract animals to transport pollen between flowers through traits like bright petals and nectar. During pollination, pollen lands on the pistil's stigma and travels to the ovaries where fertilization may occur, forming seeds in fruits that help plants disperse to new locations through various means like wind, water, animals, or being eaten.
The reproductive system produces gametes and supports embryo development. The female organs are ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus, while the male organs are testes, vas deferens, and urethra. Fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm unite to form a zygote. The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce hormones, which travel through the bloodstream to cause changes in distant tissues. Hormones produced include testosterone, estrogen, adrenaline, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone, which regulate metabolism, stress response, blood sugar levels, growth, and sexual development.
1. Plants have three main parts - roots, stems, and leaves.
2. Roots take in water from the ground, which travels up through tubes called xylem. Xylem carries water to the leaves where it is used for photosynthesis.
3. Leaves make glucose during photosynthesis, which travels down the plant through tubes called phloem. Phloem carries glucose to all cells in the plant.
Negative feedback loops are cycles that stop the process from continuing once the outcome reaches the desired level. Examples given include checking grades in class and improving performance, becoming hydrated and stopping thirst, and body processes like regulating blood glucose and red blood cell production that maintain homeostasis. Positive feedback loops differ in that the outcome reinforces and strengthens the cycle.
The nervous system has several functions including sending sensory information to the brain, sending commands from the brain to the body, and enabling movement, balance, coordination, reflexes, instincts, thinking, reasoning, memory, emotions, and dreams. It has two main parts - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system comprising nerves in the rest of the body. Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system, having a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that transmits signals. They transmit impulses through electrical signals and neurotransmitters.
This document contains information about the muscular and skeletal systems from a biology class. It includes definitions of the three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It also discusses the functions of the skeletal system and the two types of bone tissue. Students are assigned to review the muscular and skeletal systems and complete practice questions and drawings. The exit ticket asks students to identify the type of muscle in different body parts, define key terms, list functions of the skeletal system, and identify where new red blood cells are made.
The excretory system removes waste from the body through urine production and release. It involves the kidneys filtering waste from the blood to produce urine, and the bladder temporarily storing urine until it is released through the urethra. The kidneys regulate salt levels in the blood by controlling how much salt passes into the urine.
1. The passage describes the function and key organs of the respiratory system.
2. It explains that the respiratory system's main function is gas exchange, taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide through breathing.
3. The key organs involved are the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, bronchioles and alveoli, where oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
The circulatory system uses the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries to transport blood throughout the body. The blood carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and removes carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. In the tissues, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into cells and carbon dioxide diffuses into capillaries from cells. The circulatory and respiratory systems work together so that oxygen enters the blood in the lungs while carbon dioxide leaves the blood. The circulatory and digestive systems also work together, with capillaries in the intestines allowing nutrient absorption into the bloodstream.
The digestive system has three main functions: 1) Mechanical digestion through chewing and mixing food, 2) Chemical digestion through breaking down molecules in food, and 3) Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Food travels through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum, with the small intestine absorbing nutrients through villi, which are tiny finger-like structures containing capillaries that nutrients diffuse into from the intestine.
1) Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions in the body. They do this by binding to substrate molecules and facilitating their transformation into product molecules.
2) The body is organized into a hierarchy of levels from smallest to largest: cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Cells work together to form tissues, tissues work together to form organs, and organs work together to form organ systems.
3) Enzyme activity can be destroyed by extreme heat, changes in pH, or inhibitor molecules that bind to the active site and prevent substrate binding. Without enzymes, important reactions like digestion could not occur fast enough.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and glucose. It occurs in the chloroplasts within leaf cells. The stomata in leaves allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit, while the xylem transports water and the phloem transports glucose. Chemosynthesis is a similar process that some organisms use to produce organic compounds from inorganic ones without sunlight.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and is the reverse of photosynthesis. Glucose and oxygen are broken down to produce ATP, water, and carbon dioxide through a series of redox reactions. ATP is a high-energy molecule that cells use to power their metabolic functions.
1. The document provides definitions and examples of key concepts in evolution, including convergent evolution, divergent evolution, adaptive radiation, extinction, and mass extinction.
2. Convergent evolution is when two species evolve similar traits independently, while divergent evolution is when species evolve differing traits from a common ancestor.
3. Adaptive radiation is a type of divergent evolution where a single ancestral species evolves into many new species adapted to different environments.
4. Extinction is when a species dies out completely, while mass extinction is the sudden extinction of many species, such as the five mass extinctions in Earth's history.
This document provides information about speciation and the process of new species forming. It defines key terms like species, speciation, geographic isolation, reproductive isolation, and homologous structures. It explains that speciation occurs when two populations become separated and evolve traits over time that prevent interbreeding, forming new species. Random mutations provide variation and natural selection can make helpful mutations more common between isolated groups.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
AP bio ch. 46 & 47 reproduction and development for 4 /2 /18
1. REPRODUCTION NOTES START HERE
• Instructions
• 1. Fill out the notes using the computers
• 2. Complete the exit tickets (you should be working independently)
• 3. Complete the concept map (you should be working independently)
• 4. Turn in the exit tickets and concepts maps at the end of class
2. What is the longest gestation (pregnancy)
period in the animal kingdom?
3. What is the longest gestation (pregnancy) period
in the animal kingdom?
• Elephants are pregnant for nearly TWO YEARS (600-660 days).
4. What is asexual reproduction?
• Asexual reproduction: offspring forms
______________________________.
• 4 types seen in animals:
1. Fission: parent splits into 2
offspring
2. Budding: new individual forms
from outgrowth of existing
individual
3. Fragmentation and regeneration:
Parent’s body breaks apart into
pieces (fragments) and some/all of
them develop into adults.
4. Parthenogenesis: offspring
develops from unfertilized egg.
Processing: Identify each type of asexual
reproduction in the pictures below.
5. What is asexual reproduction?
• Asexual reproduction: offspring forms
without fusion of gametes.
• 4 types seen in animals:
1. Fission: parent splits into 2
offspring
2. Budding: new individual forms
from outgrowth of existing
individual
3. Fragmentation and regeneration:
Parent’s body breaks apart into
pieces (fragments) and some/all of
them develop into adults.
4. Parthenogenesis: offspring
develops from unfertilized egg.
Processing: Identify each type of asexual
reproduction in the pictures below.
9. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
Greater genetic diversity, meaning the population will be:
1. Better able to _______to a changing environment
2. More resistant to _________
10. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
Greater genetic diversity, meaning the population will be:
1. Better able to adapt to a changing environment
2. More resistant to diseases
Why would disease be a greater danger for
a genetically identical population produced
through asexual reproduction?
11. What is sexual reproduction?
• Sexual reproduction: offspring result from fusion of ________(sperm and egg).
• Some sexually reproducing species have male and female individuals.
• Others are ____________, meaning they have both male and female
reproductive organs, or can change from male to female and vice versa.
• Ex: Mollusks and worms have both male and female organs, and many
species of fish and amphibians can change from male to female and vice
versa.
What would be the
advantage of being
hermaphroditic?
12. What is sexual reproduction?
• Sexual reproduction: offspring result from fusion of gametes (sperm and egg).
• Some sexually reproducing species have male and female individuals.
• Others are ____________, meaning they have both male and female
reproductive organs, or can change from male to female and vice versa.
• Ex: Mollusks and worms have both male and female organs, and many
species of fish and amphibians can change from male to female and vice
versa.
What would be the
advantage of being
hermaphroditic?
13. What is sexual reproduction?
• Sexual reproduction: offspring result from fusion of gametes (sperm and egg).
• Some sexually reproducing species have male and female individuals.
• Others are hermaphroditic, meaning they have both male and female
reproductive organs, or can change from male to female and vice versa.
• Ex: Mollusks and worms have both male and female organs, and many
species of fish and amphibians can change from male to female and vice
versa.
What would be the
advantage of being
hermaphroditic?
14. What are the benefits of internal versus external fertilization?
• Internal fertilization occurs _______ one parent’s body, producing ______ offspring with
a ______ chance of survival.
• External fertilization occurs _______both bodies, producing ____offspring with a ______
chance of survival.
15. What are the benefits of internal versus external fertilization?
• Internal fertilization occurs inside one parent’s body, producing ______ offspring with a
______ chance of survival.
• External fertilization occurs _______both bodies, producing ____offspring with a ______
chance of survival.
16. What are the benefits of internal versus external fertilization?
• Internal fertilization occurs inside one parent’s body, producing fewer offspring with a
______ chance of survival.
• External fertilization occurs _______both bodies, producing ____offspring with a ______
chance of survival.
17. What are the benefits of internal versus external fertilization?
• Internal fertilization occurs inside one parent’s body, producing fewer offspring with a
higher chance of survival.
• External fertilization occurs _______both bodies, producing ____offspring with a ______
chance of survival.
18. What are the benefits of internal versus external fertilization?
• Internal fertilization occurs inside one parent’s body, producing fewer offspring with a
higher chance of survival.
• External fertilization occurs outside both bodies, producing ____offspring with a ______
chance of survival.
19. What are the benefits of internal versus external fertilization?
• Internal fertilization occurs inside one parent’s body, producing fewer offspring with a
higher chance of survival.
• External fertilization occurs outside both bodies, producing more offspring with a ______
chance of survival.
20. What are the benefits of internal versus external fertilization?
• Internal fertilization occurs inside one parent’s body, producing fewer offspring with a
higher chance of survival.
• External fertilization occurs outside both bodies, producing more offspring with a lower
chance of survival.
21. What are the main female reproductive organs?
• Ovaries produce gametes (eggs)
• Fallopian tubes carry gametes (and
zygotes) to the uterus
• Uterus supports a developing embryo
Processing:
1) Label the ovaries, Fallopian tubes,
and uterus in the diagram.
2) What would happen if the
Fallopian tube was severed (cut)?
22. What are the main female reproductive organs?
• Ovaries produce gametes (eggs)
• Fallopian tubes carry gametes (and
zygotes) to the uterus
• Uterus supports a developing embryo
Processing:
1) Label the ovaries, Fallopian tubes,
and uterus in the diagram.
2) What would happen if the
Fallopian tube was severed (cut)?
24. How do gametes form in the ovaries?
• ________(formation of egg) begins in female embryos, but isn’t completed until years later after puberty begins.
• Each ovary contains many ______, which contain a partially developed egg (______) surrounded by support cells.
• Once a month during the process of ________, the oocyte in one of the follicles matures into a secondary oocyte
and is released into the Fallopian tube, where fertilization can take place.
Processing: Label where
the process of ovulation
occurs.
25. How do gametes form in the ovaries?
• Oogenesis (formation of egg) begins in female embryos, but isn’t completed until years later after puberty begins.
• Each ovary contains many ______, which contain a partially developed egg (______) surrounded by support cells.
• Once a month during the process of ________, the oocyte in one of the follicles matures into a secondary oocyte
and is released into the Fallopian tube, where fertilization can take place.
Processing: Label where
the process of ovulation
occurs.
26. How do gametes form in the ovaries?
• Oogenesis (formation of egg) begins in female embryos, but isn’t completed until years later after puberty begins.
• Each ovary contains many follicles, which contain a partially developed egg (______) surrounded by support cells.
• Once a month during the process of ________, the oocyte in one of the follicles matures into a secondary oocyte
and is released into the Fallopian tube, where fertilization can take place.
Processing: Label where
the process of ovulation
occurs.
27. How do gametes form in the ovaries?
• Oogenesis (formation of egg) begins in female embryos, but isn’t completed until years later after puberty begins.
• Each ovary contains many follicles, which contain a partially developed egg (oocyte) surrounded by support cells.
• Once a month during the process of ________, the oocyte in one of the follicles matures into a secondary oocyte
and is released into the Fallopian tube, where fertilization can take place.
Processing: Label where
the process of ovulation
occurs.
28. How do gametes form in the ovaries?
• Oogenesis (formation of egg) begins in female embryos, but isn’t completed until years later after puberty begins.
• Each ovary contains many follicles, which contain a partially developed egg (oocyte) surrounded by support cells.
• Once a month during the process of ovulation, the oocyte in one of the follicles matures into a secondary oocyte
and is released into the Fallopian tube, where fertilization can take place.
Processing: Label where
the process of ovulation
occurs.
30. How do FSH and LH regulate ovulation?
• ____ (follicle-stimulating
hormone) and __ (luteinizing
hormone) both cause one
follicle (containing an egg) to
grow and mature inside one
of the ovaries.
• A sharp increase in LH causes
the secondary oocyte (egg)
to be released from the ovary
(_________).
31. How do FSH and LH regulate ovulation?
• FSH (follicle-stimulating
hormone) and LH (luteinizing
hormone) both cause one
follicle (containing an egg) to
grow and mature inside one
of the ovaries.
• A sharp increase in LH causes
the secondary oocyte (egg)
to be released from the ovary
(_________).
32. How do FSH and LH regulate ovulation?
• FSH (follicle-stimulating
hormone) and LH (luteinizing
hormone) both cause one
follicle (containing an egg) to
grow and mature inside one
of the ovaries.
• A sharp increase in LH causes
the secondary oocyte (egg)
to be released from the ovary
(ovulation).
34. How do estrogen and progesterone regulate menstruation?
• Estradiol (a form of _______)
and ___________both cause
the endometrium (uterine
lining) to ________.
• A sharp __________in the
production both hormones
causes menstruation.
35. How do estrogen and progesterone regulate menstruation?
• Estradiol (a form of estrogen)
and progesterone both cause
the endometrium (uterine
lining) to ________.
• A sharp __________in the
production both hormones
causes menstruation.
36. How do estrogen and progesterone regulate menstruation?
• Estradiol (a form of estrogen)
and progesterone both cause
the endometrium (uterine
lining) to thicken.
• A sharp __________in the
production both hormones
causes menstruation.
37. How do estrogen and progesterone regulate menstruation?
• Estradiol (a form of estrogen)
and progesterone both cause
the endometrium (uterine
lining) to thicken.
• A sharp decrease in the
production both hormones
causes menstruation.
38. What are the main male reproductive organs?
• Testes produce gametes (sperm)
• Vas deferens carry gametes to the penis
• Penis allows sperm and urine to leave the
through the urethra
Processing:
1) Label the testes, vas deferens, and
penis in the diagram.
2) What female organs are similar to
the testes and vas deferens?
3) What would happen if the vas
deferens was severed (cut)?
39. What are the main male reproductive organs?
• Testes produce gametes (sperm)
• Vas deferens carry gametes to the penis
• Penis allows sperm and urine to leave the
through the urethra
Processing:
1) Label the testes, vas deferens, and
penis in the diagram.
2) What female organs are similar to
the testes and vas deferens?
3) What would happen if the vas
deferens was severed (cut)?
40. How do gametes form in the testes?
• Sperm form in the ________.
• _______________(sperm production)
cannot occur at the body temperatures
of mammals, so the testes descend
below the body during puberty.
• Spermatogenesis takes about 7 weeks
and happens continuously in adult
males, producing hundreds of millions
of sperm each day.
41. How do gametes form in the testes?
• Sperm form in the testes.
• _______________(sperm production)
cannot occur at the body temperatures
of mammals, so the testes descend
below the body during puberty.
• Spermatogenesis takes about 7 weeks
and happens continuously in adult
males, producing hundreds of millions
of sperm each day.
42. How do gametes form in the testes?
• Sperm form in the testes.
• Spermatogenesis (sperm production)
cannot occur at the body temperatures
of mammals, so the testes descend
below the body during puberty.
• Spermatogenesis takes about 7 weeks
and happens continuously in adult
males, producing hundreds of millions
of sperm each day.
44. How do oogenesis and spermatogenesis differ?
Spermatogenesis
1. ______daughter cells from meiosis
become mature sperm.
2. Begins in _____________and happens
continuously.
Oogenesis
1. _________ daughter cell receives all the
cytoplasm and becomes the egg cell. The other
3 “polar bodies” degenerate and die.
2. Begins ___________, but doesn’t continue
until after puberty, once a month, one gamete
at a time.
45. How do oogenesis and spermatogenesis differ?
Spermatogenesis
1. All 4 daughter cells from meiosis
become mature sperm.
2. Begins in _____________and happens
continuously.
Oogenesis
1. _________ daughter cell receives all the
cytoplasm and becomes the egg cell. The other
3 “polar bodies” degenerate and die.
2. Begins ___________, but doesn’t continue
until after puberty, once a month, one gamete
at a time.
46. How do oogenesis and spermatogenesis differ?
Spermatogenesis
1. All 4 daughter cells from meiosis
become mature sperm.
2. Begins in adolescence and happens
continuously.
Oogenesis
1. _________ daughter cell receives all the
cytoplasm and becomes the egg cell. The other
3 “polar bodies” degenerate and die.
2. Begins ___________, but doesn’t continue
until after puberty, once a month, one gamete
at a time.
47. How do oogenesis and spermatogenesis differ?
Spermatogenesis
1. All 4 daughter cells from meiosis
become mature sperm.
2. Begins in adolescence and happens
continuously.
Oogenesis
1. Only 1 daughter cell receives all the cytoplasm
and becomes the egg cell. The other 3 “polar
bodies” degenerate and die.
2. Begins ___________, but doesn’t continue
until after puberty, once a month, one gamete
at a time.
48. How do oogenesis and spermatogenesis differ?
Spermatogenesis
1. All 4 daughter cells from meiosis
become mature sperm.
2. Begins in adolescence and happens
continuously.
Oogenesis
1. Only 1 daughter cell receives all the cytoplasm
and becomes the egg cell. The other 3 “polar
bodies” degenerate and die.
2. Begins before birth, but doesn’t continue until
after puberty, once a month, one gamete at a
time.
49. Exit Ticket
1. Identify and describe one
type of asexual
reproduction.
2. Contrast the benefits of
sexual versus asexual
reproduction.
3. Based on the chart, predict
what would happen if the
ovaries continued to
produce high amounts of
progesterone after day 20.
52. When does a fetus begin to kick?
• This begins in the 2nd trimester (usually around 18 weeks).
• Other milestones:
• 5 weeks: heart starts beating
• 6 weeks: eyes, nostrils, and limb buds form
• 9 weeks: tail disappears
• 10 weeks: fingernails and toenails start to form
• 11 weeks: bones harden, and hiccups can occur
• 14 weeks: thumb-sucking begins
• 19 weeks: able to hear voices and noises
• 24 weeks: hair starts to grow
• 27 weeks: able to open and close eyes
• 28 weeks: begins dreaming
54. What happens after fertilization?
1. __________: Sperm fuses with an egg in the Fallopian tube, forming a zygote
2. _______: Zygote divides (“cleavage”) forming a blastula (hollow ball of cells)
3. __________: Embryo attaches to uterus lining (1 week after fertilization). As a result:
• Implanted embryo secretes hCG, a hormone that signals ovaries to keep producing ___________(prevents menstruation)
• ________forms – a large organ (up to 1 kg) that surrounds embryo, allowing beneficial substances (nutrients, vitamins,
oxygen, and antibodies) and harmful substances (like drugs and alcohol) to be exchanged between mother and child.
4. ____________: Blastula folds in on itself, forming the 3 tissue layers
5. _______________: Organs form (week 2 – week 8)
Which stages can you identify in this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsFn-
_SC2Q8
Which stages can you identify
in this diagram?
55. What happens after fertilization?
1. Fertilization: Sperm fuses with an egg in the Fallopian tube, forming a zygote
2. _______: Zygote divides (“cleavage”) forming a blastula (hollow ball of cells)
3. __________: Embryo attaches to uterus lining (1 week after fertilization). As a result:
• Implanted embryo secretes hCG, a hormone that signals ovaries to keep producing ___________(prevents menstruation)
• ________forms – a large organ (up to 1 kg) that surrounds embryo, allowing beneficial substances (nutrients, vitamins,
oxygen, and antibodies) and harmful substances (like drugs and alcohol) to be exchanged between mother and child.
4. ____________: Blastula folds in on itself, forming the 3 tissue layers
5. _______________: Organs form (week 2 – week 8)
Which stages can you identify in this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsFn-
_SC2Q8
Which stages can you identify
in this diagram?
56. What happens after fertilization?
1. Fertilization: Sperm fuses with an egg in the Fallopian tube, forming a zygote
2. Cleavage: Zygote divides (“cleavage”) forming a blastula (hollow ball of cells)
3. __________: Embryo attaches to uterus lining (1 week after fertilization). As a result:
• Implanted embryo secretes hCG, a hormone that signals ovaries to keep producing ___________(prevents menstruation)
• ________forms – a large organ (up to 1 kg) that surrounds embryo, allowing beneficial substances (nutrients, vitamins,
oxygen, and antibodies) and harmful substances (like drugs and alcohol) to be exchanged between mother and child.
4. ____________: Blastula folds in on itself, forming the 3 tissue layers
5. _______________: Organs form (week 2 – week 8)
Which stages can you identify in this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsFn-
_SC2Q8
Which stages can you identify
in this diagram?
57. What happens after fertilization?
1. Fertilization: Sperm fuses with an egg in the Fallopian tube, forming a zygote
2. Cleavage: Zygote divides (“cleavage”) forming a blastula (hollow ball of cells)
3. Implantation: Embryo attaches to uterus lining (1 week after fertilization). As a result:
• Implanted embryo secretes hCG, a hormone that signals ovaries to keep producing ___________(prevents menstruation)
• ________forms – a large organ (up to 1 kg) that surrounds embryo, allowing beneficial substances (nutrients, vitamins,
oxygen, and antibodies) and harmful substances (like drugs and alcohol) to be exchanged between mother and child.
4. ____________: Blastula folds in on itself, forming the 3 tissue layers
5. _______________: Organs form (week 2 – week 8)
Which stages can you identify in this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsFn-
_SC2Q8
Which stages can you identify
in this diagram?
58. What happens after fertilization?
1. Fertilization: Sperm fuses with an egg in the Fallopian tube, forming a zygote
2. Cleavage: Zygote divides (“cleavage”) forming a blastula (hollow ball of cells)
3. Implantation: Embryo attaches to uterus lining (1 week after fertilization). As a result:
• Implanted embryo secretes hCG, a hormone that signals ovaries to keep producing progesterone (prevents menstruation)
• ________forms – a large organ (up to 1 kg) that surrounds embryo, allowing beneficial substances (nutrients, vitamins,
oxygen, and antibodies) and harmful substances (like drugs and alcohol) to be exchanged between mother and child.
4. ____________: Blastula folds in on itself, forming the 3 tissue layers
5. _______________: Organs form (week 2 – week 8)
Which stages can you identify in this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsFn-
_SC2Q8
Which stages can you identify
in this diagram?
59. What happens after fertilization?
1. Fertilization: Sperm fuses with an egg in the Fallopian tube, forming a zygote
2. Cleavage: Zygote divides (“cleavage”) forming a blastula (hollow ball of cells)
3. Implantation: Embryo attaches to uterus lining (1 week after fertilization). As a result:
• Implanted embryo secretes hCG, a hormone that signals ovaries to keep producing progesterone (prevents menstruation)
• Placenta forms – a large organ (up to 1 kg) that surrounds embryo, allowing beneficial substances (nutrients, vitamins,
oxygen, and antibodies) and harmful substances (like drugs and alcohol) to be exchanged between mother and child.
4. ____________: Blastula folds in on itself, forming the 3 tissue layers
5. _______________: Organs form (week 2 – week 8)
Which stages can you identify in this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsFn-
_SC2Q8
Which stages can you identify
in this diagram?
60. What happens after fertilization?
1. Fertilization: Sperm fuses with an egg in the Fallopian tube, forming a zygote
2. Cleavage: Zygote divides (“cleavage”) forming a blastula (hollow ball of cells)
3. Implantation: Embryo attaches to uterus lining (1 week after fertilization). As a result:
• Implanted embryo secretes hCG, a hormone that signals ovaries to keep producing progesterone (prevents menstruation)
• Placenta forms – a large organ (up to 1 kg) that surrounds embryo, allowing beneficial substances (nutrients, vitamins,
oxygen, and antibodies) and harmful substances (like drugs and alcohol) to be exchanged between mother and child.
4. Gastrulation: Blastula folds in on itself, forming the 3 tissue layers
5. _______________: Organs form (week 2 – week 8)
Which stages can you identify in this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsFn-
_SC2Q8
Which stages can you identify
in this diagram?
61. What happens after fertilization?
1. Fertilization: Sperm fuses with an egg in the Fallopian tube, forming a zygote
2. Cleavage: Zygote divides (“cleavage”) forming a blastula (hollow ball of cells)
3. Implantation: Embryo attaches to uterus lining (1 week after fertilization). As a result:
• Implanted embryo secretes hCG, a hormone that signals ovaries to keep producing progesterone (prevents menstruation)
• Placenta forms – a large organ (up to 1 kg) that surrounds embryo, allowing beneficial substances (nutrients, vitamins,
oxygen, and antibodies) and harmful substances (like drugs and alcohol) to be exchanged between mother and child.
4. Gastrulation: Blastula folds in on itself, forming the 3 tissue layers
5. Organogenesis: Organs form (week 2 – week 8)
Which stages can you identify in this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsFn-
_SC2Q8
Which stages can you identify
in this diagram?
62. Question from last year: What happens if a zygote implants in the Fallopian tube?
• This results an ectopic pregnancy. (Happens
in 1-2% of pregnancies.)
• The embryo is not viable (won’t survive).
• 50% of the time, this results in a natural
miscarriage.
• If the pregnancy doesn’t miscarry naturally,
the Fallopian tube will rupture, causing severe
bleeding and possibly killing the mother.
• Ectopic pregnancies that do not miscarry on
their own are usually aborted in places where
women have access to abortion.
63. Processing:
1) Which process is shown here?
2) What is the hollow ball of the cells at the end called?
3) Which process will happen next?
(a) Fertilized egg (b) Four-cell stage (c) Early blastula (d) Later blastula
64. Figure 47.9a-5
Key Mouth
Mesenchyme
(mesoderm forms
future skeleton)
Anus
(from blastopore)
Digestive tube
(endoderm)
Ectoderm
Future ectoderm
Future mesoderm
Future endoderm
Processing:
1) Which process is shown here?
2) Which process will happen next?
3) What are the 3 tissue layers that develop here?
4) What body systems will form from each of the 3 layers?
66. • Ectoderm skin, central nervous system, respiratory system
• Mesoderm bones, muscle, circulatory system, kidneys
• Endoderm digestive tract, lungs
What organs arise from each of the 3 tissue layers?
67. (b) Neural tube formation
Neural
fold
Neural plate
Figure 47.13b-1
1) What is forming here?
2) Can you guess what this
will later develop into?
68. (b) Neural tube formation
Neural
fold
Neural plate
Neural
crest cells
Figure 47.13b-2
1) What is forming here?
2) Can you guess what this
will later develop into?
69. (b) Neural tube formation
Neural
fold
Neural plate
Neural
crest cells
Outer layer
of ectoderm
Neural
crest cells
Neural
tube
Figure 47.13b-3
1) What is forming here?
2) Can you guess what this
will later develop into?
70. What happens during organogenesis?
• During ___________, organs arise
from the 3 tissue layers.
• During early organogenesis:
• The _________, which later
becomes the CNS, arises from
the ectoderm
• The _________arises from the
mesoderm.
• The coelom (body cavity)
forms from the mesoderm.
71. What happens during organogenesis?
• During organogenesis, organs arise
from the 3 tissue layers.
• During early organogenesis:
• The _________, which later
becomes the CNS, arises from
the ectoderm
• The _________arises from the
mesoderm.
• The coelom (body cavity)
forms from the mesoderm.
72. What happens during organogenesis?
• During organogenesis, organs arise
from the 3 tissue layers.
• During early organogenesis:
• The neural tube, which later
becomes the CNS, arises from
the ectoderm
• The _________arises from the
mesoderm.
• The coelom (body cavity)
forms from the mesoderm.
73. What happens during organogenesis?
• During organogenesis, organs arise
from the 3 tissue layers.
• During early organogenesis:
• The neural tube, which later
becomes the CNS, arises from
the ectoderm
• The notochord arises from the
mesoderm.
• The coelom (body cavity)
forms from the mesoderm.
75. What happens during organogenesis?
• During late organogenesis, many
organs begin to form, including:
• The brain
• The eyes
• The heart
• The blood vessels
76. What are cell determination and cell differentiation?
77. What are cell determination and cell differentiation?
• ____________: a cell becomes committed to a particular fate.
• ____________: a stem cell becomes a specialized cell.
78. What are cell determination and cell differentiation?
• Determination: a cell becomes committed to a particular fate.
• Differentiation: a stem cell becomes a specialized cell.
79. 1) When is the fate of the dark grey cells determined?
2) When does differentiation occur?
64-cell embryos
Blastomeres
injected with dye
Larvae
(b) Cell lineage analysis in a tunicate
81. What determines the body axes of an embryo?
• Anterior-posterior axis is determined during _________
(egg formation)
• Dorsal-ventral axis is determined at ____________
82. What determines the body axes of an embryo?
• Anterior-posterior axis is determined during oogenesis
(egg formation)
• Dorsal-ventral axis is determined at ____________
83. What determines the body axes of an embryo?
• Anterior-posterior axis is determined during oogenesis
(egg formation)
• Dorsal-ventral axis is determined at fertilization
84. How is the fate of embryonic cells determined?
1) What is happening here?
2) Are these signal molecules
(inducers) water soluble or
lipid soluble? How can you
tell?
3) What is a signal
transduction pathway?
85. How is the fate of embryonic cells determined?
• Embryonic cells remain _________ (can develop
into any cell) until the 8-cell stage.
• As cells differentiate, they help determine the
fate of nearby cells by releasing signal molecules.
This is called ________.
• Inductive signal molecules cause genes in the
target cell to be _________________, which
determines how the cell will ___________.
86. How is the fate of embryonic cells determined?
• Embryonic cells remain totipotent (can develop
into any cell) until the 8-cell stage.
• As cells differentiate, they help determine the
fate of nearby cells by releasing signal molecules.
This is called ________.
• Inductive signal molecules cause genes in the
target cell to be _________________, which
determines how the cell will ___________.
87. How is the fate of embryonic cells determined?
• Embryonic cells remain totipotent (can develop
into any cell) until the 8-cell stage.
• As cells differentiate, they help determine the
fate of nearby cells by releasing signal molecules.
This is called induction.
• Inductive signal molecules cause genes in the
target cell to be _________________, which
determines how the cell will ___________.
88. How is the fate of embryonic cells determined?
• Embryonic cells remain totipotent (can develop
into any cell) until the 8-cell stage.
• As cells differentiate, they help determine the
fate of nearby cells by releasing signal molecules.
This is called induction.
• Inductive signal molecules cause genes in the
target cell to be expressed or repressed, which
determines how the cell will ___________.
89. How is the fate of embryonic cells determined?
• Embryonic cells remain totipotent (can develop
into any cell) until the 8-cell stage.
• As cells differentiate, they help determine the
fate of nearby cells by releasing signal molecules.
This is called induction.
• Inductive signal molecules cause genes in the
target cell to be expressed or repressed, which
determines how the cell will differentiate.
90. How does induction regulate the formation of limbs?
• The cells in specific areas of a limb bud release ______________________.
• In response to inductive signal molecules:
• Certain genes in target cells are ___________________, causing the cell to ___________.
• Some target cells are stimulated to undergo _________(programmed cell death) to create
space between the digits (fingers and toes)
Which of these cells
would you expect to
undergo apoptosis?
91. How does induction regulate the formation of limbs?
• The cells in specific areas of a limb bud release signal molecules (inducers).
• In response to inductive signal molecules:
• Certain genes in target cells are ___________________, causing the cell to ___________.
• Some target cells are stimulated to undergo _________(programmed cell death) to create
space between the digits (fingers and toes)
Which of these cells
would you expect to
undergo apoptosis?
92. How does induction regulate the formation of limbs?
• The cells in specific areas of a limb bud release signal molecules (inducers).
• In response to inductive signal molecules:
• Certain genes in target cells are expressed or repressed, causing the cell to ___________.
• Some target cells are stimulated to undergo _________(programmed cell death) to create
space between the digits (fingers and toes)
Which of these cells
would you expect to
undergo apoptosis?
93. How does induction regulate the formation of limbs?
• The cells in specific areas of a limb bud release signal molecules (inducers).
• In response to inductive signal molecules:
• Certain genes in target cells are expressed or repressed, causing the cell to differentiate.
• Some target cells are stimulated to undergo _________(programmed cell death) to create
space between the digits (fingers and toes)
Which of these cells
would you expect to
undergo apoptosis?
94. How does induction regulate the formation of limbs?
• The cells in specific areas of a limb bud release signal molecules (inducers).
• In response to inductive signal molecules:
• Certain genes in target cells are expressed or repressed, causing the cell to differentiate.
• Some target cells are stimulated to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death) to create
space between the digits (fingers and toes)
Which of these cells
would you expect to
undergo apoptosis?
95. Exit Ticket (Development)
1. Explain the role of cell signaling (induction) in embryonic development.
2. Draw (or describe in words) what happens during:
a) Fertilization
b) Cleavage
c) Implantation
d) Gastrulation
e) Organogenesis