GRADE 5 BIOLOGY PPT BEED 2ND YEAR REPORTING

1. Group 3
GRADE 5:

2. Humans
• Stages of Growth
• Parts of the Reproductive System
• Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics
• Menstrual Cycle
Animals
• Parts of the Reproductive System of Representative Groups of animals and their
functions
• Differences in the modes of reproduction: external fertilization, internal fertilization
• Protecting habitats of animals
Plants
- Flowering Plants (rice/corn, pechay, mongo)
- Non-flowering Plants (conebearing, ferns, liverworts)
- Protecting Habitats of Plants

3. HUMANS

4. Humans Stages of Growth
1. Infancy
 Birth- 2 years old
 Newborn – baby younger than 28 days old
 In this stage, they need a lot of care as they cannot walk and
take care of themselves.
2. Childhood
 3-11 years old
 As infants grow into children, their trunks and limbs grow
longer.
 In this stage, they learn how to talk and walk, they can also
do simple tasks such as feeding themselves and putting on
clothes

5. Humans Stages of Growth
3. Adolescence
 12- 18 years old
 This is the period a person undergoes many physical changes.
 During this period, puberty takes place.
 Puberty is a time when a person grows and develops quickly
and becomes sexually mature. Puberty is when your child’s
body begins to develop and change as they transition into
adulthood. It’s the time in your child’s life when they go
through the physical changes to reach sexual maturity and are
capable of reproduction.

6. Humans Stages of Growth
4. Adulthood
 19-65 years old
 Their physical growth slows down gradually.
 In this stage, they may reproduce and start families.
5. Old age
 65 onwards
 As adults get older, their body systems become weaker
gradually. They start to have more health problems and fall ill
easily. Their eyesight may also start to weaken and some may
need help to move around.

7. Parts of the Human Reproductive System
All human beings undergo a sexual mode
of reproduction. In this process, two
parents are involved in producing a new
individual. Offspring are produced by the
fusion of gametes (sex cells) from each
parent. Hence, the newly formed individual
will be different from parents, both
genetically and physically. Human
reproduction is an example of sexual
reproduction.

8. Male Reproductive System
The male gametes, i.e., sperms are
produced within the male reproductive
system. Sperms are small unicellular
structures with a head, middle piece,
and a tail

9. Male Reproductive System is consists of:
 Testicles
 Scrotum
 Vas Deferens
 Accessory Glands
 Penis

10. The female reproductive system is active before, during and after fertilization
as well. It consists of the following parts
 A pair of ovaries
 Fallopian Tubes
(Oviducts)
 Uterus
 Vagina
 Cervix
 Endometrium
 Fimbriae

11. Female reproductive system has two functions
1. Production of female gamete called ovum/egg.
2. Providing nutrition and protecting the developing embryo.
During puberty, eggs in the ovaries start to mature. One of the
ovaries releases the matured ovum in every 28 to 30 days and is
called ovulation.

12. Development of Secondary Sex
Characteristics
Secondary characteristics are the result of hormonal changes in
the body during puberty. These changes are faster in girls than in
boys. Some changes are common in both boys and girls while
others are specific to each gender. This is due to the different
hormones released by them. Growth of pubic hair, facial hair and
under the armpit, increase in height, sweating, etc. are some of
the secondary sexual characteristics.

13. Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics
Change in height: Most prominent change that occurs in adolescents is the
change in their heights. Growth hormone secretion and bone growth are much
higher during this time.
Sweat and Sebaceous glands: The pimples and acne in adolescents are mostly
due to the increased activities of sweat and sebaceous glands
Hair growth: Another observable change is rapid hair growth under the armpit
and pubic area.

14. Changes developed in Boys
 Boys develop the heavier muscular
body, wide shoulders, and narrow hips.
 Enlargement of the voice box leads to a
much deeper voice.
 Maturation of testis and starts to
produce sperms.
 The growth of hairs on the chest.
 Enlargement of Adam’s apple.

15. Changes developed in Girls
 Rounded hips and breast development.
 Matured ovaries start to release a
mature ovum.
 Ovulation and menstruation initiate.
 Mammary gland enlargement.
Testosterone hormones produced in the testis of males and estrogens released in ovaries of females are
responsible for these changes in the males and females respectively

16. Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is the monthly series of
changes the body goes through to prepare for
pregnancy. Each month, one of the ovaries
releases an egg. This is called ovulation.
Hormonal changes at this time get the uterus
ready for pregnancy. If the released egg isn't
fertilized during ovulation, the lining of the
uterus sheds through the vagina. This is a
menstrual period.

17. What’s typical?
The menstrual cycle is counted from the first day of one period to the first day of the next.
The cycle isn't the same for everyone. Menstrual bleeding might happen every 21 to 35 days
and last 2 to 7 days. For the first few years after menstruation begins, long cycles are
common. However, menstrual cycles tend to shorten and become more regular as people
age.
Your menstrual cycle might be regular — about the same length every month — or
somewhat irregular. Your period might be light or heavy, painful or pain-free, long or short,
and still be considered typical. Within a broad range, "typical" is what's typical for you.
When you get close to the time when your menstrual cycles will end, called menopause,
your cycle might become irregular again.

18. Four phases of the Menstrual Cycle
The rise and fall of your hormones trigger the steps in your menstrual cycle. Your
hormones cause the organs of your reproductive tract to respond in certain ways. The
specific events that occur during your menstrual cycle are:
 The menses phase - This phase, which typically lasts from day one to day five, is the
time when the lining of your uterus sheds through your vagina if pregnancy hasn’t
occurred.
 The follicular phase - This phase typically takes place from days six to 14.
 Ovulation - This phase occurs roughly at about day 14 in a 28-day menstrual cycle.
 The luteal phase - This phase lasts from about day 15 to day 28.

20. ANIMALS

21. Parts of the Reproductive System of Animals
and their Functions.
Animal reproductive system, any of the organ systems by which animals
reproduce. The role of reproduction is to provide for the continued existence of a species;
it is the process by which living organisms duplicate themselves. Animals compete with
other individuals in the environment to maintain themselves for a period of time sufficient
to enable them to produce tissue nonessential to their own survival but indispensable to
the maintenance of the species. The additional tissue, reproductive tissue, usually
becomes separated from the individual to form a new, independent organism.
Vertebrates are organisms which have an internal backbone surrounded by bone, also
called vertebrae. Vertebrates are further broken down into five classes: amphibians, birds,
fish, mammals, and reptiles.

22. 1. Amphibians are vertebrates, and they need moist environments or water
to survive. Examples: (Frogs, Salamanders, Toads)
Reproductive System of Frog
 Testis
 Vasa Efferetia
 Urogenital Duct
 Cloaca

23. 1. Amphibians are vertebrates, and they need moist environments or water
to survive. Examples: (Frogs, Salamanders, Toads)
Reproductive System of Frog
 Oviducts - tubes of a
female frog's reproductive
system that carry eggs from
the ovaries to the cloaca.
 Ovaries produce eggs, or
female sex cells, which
move through oviducts into
the uteri, then through the
cloaca outside the body

24. 2. Birds are a type of warm-blooded vertebrate that are adapted to fly.
Though, not all birds can fly, but they do all have wings.
Examples: (Ducks, Owl, Chicken) Reproductive System
 Deferent Duct transports the sperm from
the testes where they are formed to the
cloaca from which they enter the oviduct
of the female when mating.
 In the testes very twisted tubes called
seminiferous tubules are found. It is in
these tubules that a special process of
cell division called meiosis and
transformation produces the sperm.
 Sperm carry half of the total chromosomes
required to produce an embryo.

25. 2. Birds are a type of warm-blooded vertebrate that are adapted to fly.
Though, not all birds can fly, but they do all have wings.
Examples: (Ducks, Owl, Chicken) Reproductive System
 The oviduct is to produce the albumen,
shell membranes, and the shell around the
yolk to complete the egg.
 Ovary consists of a mass of yellowish,
rounded objects called follicles, each
containing an ovum or yolk. There are many
such follicles but only a small number in
comparison, will ever reach maturity to
produce an egg.

26. 3. Fish are also vertebrates, and they are considered the oldest-known
vertebrates. Fish live underwater.
Examples: (Catfish, Salmon, Tuna)
Reproductive System
 The reproductive organs of these fish are
called gonads, and in most fish they are
paired, internal, and located near the
middle of the body, next to the stomach.
 Females have two ovaries that produce eggs,
and males have two testes that produce
sperm. The sperm and egg cells are the sex
cells of the fish.

27. 4. Mammals are another type of vertebrate that belong to the class
Mammalia. Young mammals get nourishment from milk produced by their
mother.
Examples: (Dogs, Elephants, Dolphins)
Reproductive System
 The female genital tract includes the vulva,
vagina, cervix, uterus, oviducts, and ovaries.
The mammary glands, found on the chest and
abdomen, are also part of the reproductive
system.
 Oviducts (also called Fallopian tubes) are
small tubes that connect the ovaries to the
uterus.
 Cervix It separates the uterus from the vagina
and provides a barrier against infection.
 The vulva is the external opening of the female
genitals.

28. 4. Mammals are another type of vertebrate that belong to the class
Mammalia. Young mammals get nourishment from milk produced by their
mother.
Examples: (Dogs, Elephants, Dolphins)
Reproductive System
 In males, the genital tract provides a
pathway for sperm cells and semen.
 The epididymis connects the testicle to the
ductus deferens, which carries ejaculated
sperm to the urethra.
 Prostate, create the fluid portion of semen

29. 5. Reptiles are air-breathing vertebrates covered in special skin made up of
scales, bony plates, or a combination of both.
Examples: (Crocodiles, Snakes, Turtles
Male Reproductive System
 This system includes a pair of testes
situated in the abdominal cavity which
remain suspended by a special dorsal fold
of the mesentery called mesorchium. The
testes are white oval bodies. The testis
of the right side is larger in size
compared to that of the left side and
situated slightly higher up in the
abdominal cavity.

30. 5. Reptiles are air-breathing vertebrates covered in special skin made up of
scales, bony plates, or a combination of both.
Examples: (Crocodiles, Snakes, Turtles)
Male Reproductive System
 Testes
 Two vasa deferentia
 Posterolateral
 Hemopenes

31. 5. Reptiles are air-breathing vertebrates covered in special skin made up of
scales, bony plates, or a combination of both.
Examples: (Crocodiles, Snakes, Turtles)
Female Reproductive System
 This system includes a pair of ovaries which have similar position as that of testes
(Fig. 1.102B).
 The anterior end of the oviduct is wide, funnel-shaped, ciliated and is situated near
the corresponding ovary below the level of lungs.
 The lower part of the oviduct is designated as the uterus where the eggs are stored
temporarily prior to laying.
 In Calotes, fertilisation is internal. Mature eggs are fertilised in the anterior part of
the oviduct.

32. An invertebrate is an animal without a backbone. In fact, invertebrates don't
have any bones at all! Invertebrates that you may be familiar with include spiders,
worms, snails, lobsters, crabs and insects like butterflies.
Examples: (Spiders, Worms, Snails)
Reproductive System Invertebrates that transfer sperm from male to female
for internal fertilization require organs and plumbing to facilitate this function that may
be as complex as those of any vertebrate. In contrast, reproductive systems of
invertebrates that simply release their gametes into the water for external fertilization
may be little more than centers for gametogenesis.

33. Reproductive System of Crickets
 Sperm from the paired testes of males
pass through sperm tubes (vas deferens)
to an ejaculatory duct housed in the
penis.
 In females, eggs from the ovaries pass
through oviducts to the genital bursa.
At mating sperm enclosed in a membranous
sac (spermatophore) formed by the
secretions of the accessory gland are
deposited in the genital bursa of the
female, then migrate to her seminal
receptacle where they are stored.

34. Differences in the Modes of Reproduction

35. Differences in the Modes of Reproduction
External Fertilization
External fertilization usually
occurs in aquatic environments where
both eggs and sperm are released into
the water. After the sperm reaches the
egg, fertilization takes place. External
fertilization in an aquatic environment
protects the eggs from drying out.

36. Differences in the Modes of Reproduction
Internal Fertilization
Internal fertilization occurs most
often in land-based animals, although some
aquatic animals also use this method. There
are three ways that offspring are produced
following internal fertilization.

37. Protecting Habitats of Animals
1. Educate Yourself
The critical thing to do is to educate yourself on problems in the
environment. Knowing what to do, or even better, what you are possibly doing
wrong is vital to save the environment and the habitat of animals along with it.
2. Ethical Consumerism
Please inform yourself about the products that you are buying, because
an incredible amount of them is harming the animals. Not only them but their
habitats as well.

38. Protecting Habitats of Animals
3. Fund Wildlife Orphans
You can try to adopt an animal from wildlife, but not to keep it as a pet,
rather fund its existence. This way you are making sure that those animals that
have been displaced from their natural habitats do get the appropriate care and
help that they need.
4. Recycle Plastics
Although it is almost impossible to avoid coming in contact with it, the
plastics we use and waste detail are a known issue for our planet. If we destroy
the land and the oceans with uncontrolled plastics production, we are leaving all
the animals without a place to live. Recycle as much as you can, and you are doing
an incredible favor to the world.

39. Protecting Habitats of Animals
5. Help If You Can
If you are in physically good health, try to help the communities and
groups that take care of animal life in your town. Donating money is always great,
but giving a hand is invaluable because it builds a sense of belonging. Not only
yours towards other people, but yours and others towards animals and plants that
share the same planet with us
6. Spread The Word
Everything you learn, and you are sure that it is beneficial to the
environment, try to tell others. Start with the people closest to you, with your
family, the one that hopefully should not have a problem in understanding how
real your intentions are when you bring up the notion of environmental
awareness

40. PLANTS

41. Flowering Plants (Rice/Corn, Pechay, Mongo)
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade
Angiospermae (/ˌændʒiəˈspərmiː/),[5][6] commonly called angiosperms. They
include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like
plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs and vines, and most aquatic
plants.
They are the plants that provide us with food, fodder, fuel, medicines and several
other commercially important products. We can divide them into two classes: the
dicotyledons and the monocotyledons. The dicotyledons are those that have two
cotyledons in their seeds. On the other hand, the monocotyledons have only one.

42. The classification of flowering plants is done into two major
groups: Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
As opposed to monocots, dicots
(also called eudicots) have two cotyledons
during germination which supply the
young plant with food and nutrients.

43. The classification of flowering plants is done into two major
groups: Monocotyledons
Monocotyledons
Monocot plants have one cotyledon.
Also, the pollen grains of monocot plants
have a single pore or furrow making them
monosulcate (from the Greek word mono
meaning ‘single’ or ‘one‘ and the Latin word
sulcatus meaning ‘furrow’) and new roots
originate from the stem of the plant.

44. Non-Flowering Plants (Cone bearing, Ferns, Liverworts)
Plants that don’t produce flowers are simply called non-flowering plants.
These plants are different in many aspects from flowering plants, but the main
difference is in their reproduction. Flowering plants produce flowers for their
reproduction. But, non-flowering plants can produce from seeds as well as from
spores.

45. Types of Non-Flowering Plants
Non-flowering plants are divided into two main types according to the way
of their reproduction. One type is called gymnosperm which reproduces itself from
seeds, while the other type reproduces from the spores.

46. Types of Non-Flowering Plants
Gymnosperms – Seed-Producing Non-Flowering Plants
Gymnosperms reproduce from seeds similar to flowering plants. However, their
seeds are different – they are not enclosed in an ovary or fruit. But, their seeds are
open in the air without any covering and are called naked seeds.

47. Types of Non-Flowering Plants
Spores
This group of non-flowering plants doesn’t produce seeds for reproduction. Instead,
they use the spores for their reproduction. Spores are very small organisms
consisting of single or multiple cells, housed in a hard coating.

48. Protecting Habitats of Plants
As plants are the backbone of our ecosystem, it is a serious
threat to our natural habitat when many important species of plants
become endangered. Many species are rare and now fall under
protected plant varieties. The cause of plants gradually becoming
endangered is similar to that of animals. Thankfully, many plant
conservation projects are ongoing to protect those varieties of
plants that are in trouble.

49. Protecting Habitats of Plants
 Stop cutting down trees
 Encourage afforestation.
 Follow the ideology of ‘Use, re-use and recycle to ensure that you
make the maximum use of products
 Control all types of pollution as far as possible
 Ban and check control on all such activities that have negative
impacts on plant life and its survival

50. Thank you for listening!