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- 1. EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE WEEK 3-4 Perpetuation of Life Genetic Engineering Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms
- 3. Asexual reproduction • is defined as the formation of new individuals from the cells of a single parent. • does not involve the union of gametes (sperm cell and egg cell) and it does not change the number of chromosomes present. • The resulting offspring is similar or identical to the parent and without the need for a mate, they are able to reproduce
- 4. There are different types of asexual reproduction in animals. • Binary fission where organism split into two separate organism; common among prokaryotes
- 5. • Budding is when new individual grows on the body of its parent; characteristic of a few unicellular organisms.
- 6. • Fragmentation happens when multiple pieces of the parent breaks off and develops into a new organism;
- 7. • Transverse fission occur when an organism divides into two, leaving one piece headless and the other tailless each piece grows the missing body parts and parthenogenesis when females egg develop into a new organism without being fertilized by a sperm cell.
- 8. • Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an egg can develop into an embryo without being fertilized by a sperm. Parthenogenesis is derived from the Greek words for “virgin birth,” and several insect species including aphids, bees, and ants are known to reproduce by parthenogenesis.
- 9. Sexual reproduction • is the perpetuation of a new organism from two organism with the use gametes.
- 10. • Oviparous animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the parent. • Viviparous animals bringing forth live young that have developed inside the body of the parent.
- 11. • OVIPAROUS ANIMALS that lay their ______, with little or no other embryonic development within the _________. • VIVIPAROUS ANIMALS bringing forth live _______ that have developed _______ the body of the parent.
- 17. Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organisms’ genes using biotechnology. It covers different kinds of technologies used to alter the genomes that includes the insertion of genes from other individual either the same or from different species that aims to produce or improve products.
- 18. Artificial selection is practiced to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. This includes selective breeding: hybridization, and inbreeding.
- 19. Selective breeding. When animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits. Dachshund were once bred to hunt badgers and other burrowing animals.
- 20. Hybridization - Luther Burbank created a disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato. He crossed a disease resistant plant with one that had a large food producing capacity.
- 21. Inbreeding - Breeding of organism that genetically similar to maintain desired traits. It keeps each breed unique from others. Habsburg Inbreeding From 1516 to 1700, it has been estimated that over 80% of marriages within the Spanish branch of the Habsburg dynasty were consanguineous; that is, they were marriages between close blood relatives.
- 22. Cloning - Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. They will have the same exact DNA as the parent.
- 23. • Genetic Engineering is the process of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. • Genetically modified organism is also called transgenic organism because there was a transfer of genes from one organism to another. Planting GMO and its commercial use improve farming methods efficiently and effectively.
- 24. The two most common types of GMO’s are Foods – canola , soya bean , golden rice corn and aspartame Medicines - Insulin, hormones and vaccine
- 28. • Reduce use of pesticide and other Toxic chemicals • Desired characteristics of food are achieved and in a shorter time • Improves nutritional value. • Many people rely on GM food for medicines. • Gene technology is the best solution to the problem of world Advantages
- 32. • Asexual Reproduction in Animals Directions. • Match animals to the type of asexual reproduction and their descriptions. • Write the type of asexual reproduction and the letter of the description in each column. • Type of asexual reproduction: PARTHENOGENESIS BINARY FISSION FRAGMENTATION TRANSVERSE FISSION BUDDING • Descriptions: • A. The organism split into two separate organism. • B. A new individual grows on the body of its parent. • C. Multiple pieces of the parent breaks off and develops into a new organism. • D. The organism divides into two, leaving one piece headless and the other tailless each piece grows the missing body parts. • E. Females egg develop into a new organism without being fertilized by a sperm cell.
- 39. Answer one of the questions below. • How does asexual reproduction differs from sexual reproduction? • How would you explain the relationship of life perpetuation with the evolution of life? • Answer in 10 maximum sentences only.
- 41. NAME: SECTION: QUIZ SCORE/ REMARKS TASK SCORE/ REMARKS TASK SCORE/REMARKS ASSIGNMENT SCORE/REMARKS 1 ______ 1 ______ 6 _______ 1 ______ 2 ______ 2 ______ 7 _______ 2 ______ 3 ______ 3 ______ 8 _______ 4 ______ 4 ______ 9 _______ OTHERS ______ UNIT ______ 5 ______ 10 _______ _______ FINALS ______
- 43. Make a presentation of ONE the ff topics: • 1. genetic engineering IN ANIMALS • 2. genetic engineering IN PLANTS/FOOD • 3. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES OF GMO • 4. ORGAN SYSTEMS • 5. NUTRITION • 6. HOMEOSTASIS • 7. IMMUNE SYSTEM • 8. HORMONES • 9. ECOSYSTEM • 10. EVOLUTION • 11. BIOTIC POTENCIAL • 12. ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE
- 44. 1 2 3 4 5 6
- 45. •PRINT AT LEAST 2 PAGES OR MAKE 2 SLIDES PRESENTATION •MAY USE PICTURES, IMAGES, VIDEOS •PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON-80% •FOLDER COPY– 20%
- 46. PERFORMANCE TASKS •Bodily Kinesthetic: manipulatives, body formations, movement in the classroom, dancing, games •Verbal Linguistic: picture books, journaling, poems, games •Visual Spatial: dominoes, cards, manipulatives, flash cards with drawings, games •Musical: sing math facts, musical instruments to play patterns
- 47. PRESENTATION TITLE • 1.INTRODUCTION • 2. LESSON. • 3. PICS • 4. VIDEO • 5. TRIVIA GAMES PERFORMANCE TASK • 8. QUIZ. 1-10
Editor's Notes
- . This is very common in plants less common in animals.
- This happens when the parent cell’s DNA duplicates and cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis) forming two daughter cells. common among prokaryotes, e.g. archaea, eubacteria, cyanobacteria, and certain protozoans (e.g. amoeba).
- organisms (e.g., certain bacteria, yeasts, and protozoans). However, a number of metazoan animals (e.g., certain cnidarian species) regularly reproduce by budding. The parent hydra develops a bud in its body forming new bud that would somehow detach to it as new organism.
- cyanobacteria, fungi, many plants, and also in animals including flatworms, sponges, some annelid worms and sea stars.
- Asexual reproduction requires only one parent while sexual reproduction requires two parents.
- The main difference between parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism is that the parthenogenesis is a method of reproduction by which insects develop from an unfertilized egg whereas the hermaphroditism is a reproduction method in which an individual organism bears both male and female gonads.
- In this process male gametes which is the sperm cell fuses with a female gamete known as the egg cell to form a diploid cell called zygote containing two sets of chromosomes. During sexual reproduction, the genetic material contained in their chromosomes combine to produce genetically diverse offspring that is different from both parents. Humans, frogs, fish, cats and dogs all reproduce through the method of sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction in animals/ organism is when two organism reproduce using their gametes the sperm and egg cell both have a haploid number of chromosomes.
- Eggs, parent Young, inside
- 1.Clone 2. budding 3. fragmentation 4. transverse fission 5. parthenogenesis
- Parthenogenesis Sexual
- 1. oviparous 2. oviparous 3. viviparous 4. oviparous 5. viviparous 6. viviparous 7. oviparous 8. viviparous viviparous 9. 10. viviparous
- 1. sperm 2. egg 3. zygote 4. offspring/child
- Genetic engineering is the processes of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new.
- The main difference hybridization and inbreeding is that hybridization is the crossing of two dissimilar individuals, whereas inbreeding is the crossing to similar organisms. Genetic engineering is referred to various techniques used for the modification or manipulation of organisms through the processes of heredity and reproduction. This includes cloning, gene splicing, gel electrophoresis and DNA recombinant technology.
- By the 16th century, Dachshunds were brought to Germany and were developed through selective breeding over a one-hundred year time period. Once the Germans saw the hunting ability of this breed the name was easy. ... The breed's shortened legs allowed them to hunt and follow small rodents down into the ground.
- Russet Burbank is a potato cultivar with dark brown skin and few eyes that is the most widely grown potato in North America. A russet type, its flesh is white, dry, and mealy, and it is good for baking, mashing, and french fries. It is a common and popular potato.
- Inbreeding is the mating of organisms closely related by ancestry. It goes against the biological aim of mating, which is the shuffling of DNA. Human DNA is bundled into 23 pairs of chromosomes, within each chromosome there are hundreds of thousands of genes and what's more, each gene has two copies known as alleles. For example, the gene for brown eyes is dominant and so having just one of these in a pair will result in your eyes being brown. However, the gene for blue eyes is recessive so you’ll need both of them to get blue eyes. This is important as certain congenital defects and genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, are carried by recessive alleles. Inbreeding stacks the odds of being born with such conditions against you. As blood-relative mating partners have similar DNA, the changes of them carrying the same recessive gene is greatly increased. According to a 2011 study, the rate of near natal and childhood death increases if the child comes from a first cousin union, nearly doubling in certain countries.
- Cloning - Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. They will have the same exact DNA as the parent. Gene splicing- DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism. A trait will be transferred from one organism to another. Gel electrophoresis: analyzing DNA- A technique used to compare DNA from two or more organisms.
- A GMO, or genetically modified organism, is a plant, animal, microorganism or other organism whose genetic makeup has been modified in a laboratory using genetic engineering or transgenic technology. This creates combinations of plant, animal, bacterial and virus genes that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods. By eliminating, modifying or adding copies of specific genes often from other organisms through modern molecular biology techniques.