Reproduction is the biological process by which new organisms are produced. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual reproduction which requires only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent, and sexual reproduction which involves both male and female gametes fusing to produce offspring with a mix of characteristics from both parents. Sexual reproduction in humans involves the male reproductive system producing sperm and the female reproductive system producing eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg, forming a zygote, and pregnancy and childbirth follow.
this presentation is on the chapter reproduction in animals for class 8 . it includes all the topics in detail mentioned in the chapter . i have made it with a lot of hard work . hope u like it !
Life of every organism depends on certain basic processes. Excretion is one among them. Different organisms follow different modes of excretion. In complex organisms including humans, there is a specialized system for excretion called human excretory system.
this presentation is on the chapter reproduction in animals for class 8 . it includes all the topics in detail mentioned in the chapter . i have made it with a lot of hard work . hope u like it !
Life of every organism depends on certain basic processes. Excretion is one among them. Different organisms follow different modes of excretion. In complex organisms including humans, there is a specialized system for excretion called human excretory system.
SCIENCE - Reproduction in plants (CLASS VII - CBSE BOARD)Pooja M
SCIENCE
Reproduction in plants
(CLASS VII)
CBSE BOARD
Types of reroduction in plants
tpes of asexual reproduction in plant
Vegetative propagation
Budding
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Sexual reproduction in plants
Parts of flower
Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhedeGaurav Ghankhede
Reaching the age Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhedeof adolesceReaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhedence by Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhede Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhede
How Do Organisms Reproduce ? - Class 10 CBSE science (BIo)Amit Choube
Reproduction is an integral feature of all living beings. The process by which a living being produces its own like is called reproduction.
Importance of Reproduction:
Reproduction is important for each species, because this is the only way for a living being to continue its lineage. Apart from being important for a particular individual, reproduction is also important for the whole ecosystem. Reproduction helps in maintaining a proper balance among various biotic constituents of the ecosystem. Moreover, reproduction also facilitates evolution because variations come through reproduction; over several generations.
SCIENCE - Reproduction in plants (CLASS VII - CBSE BOARD)Pooja M
SCIENCE
Reproduction in plants
(CLASS VII)
CBSE BOARD
Types of reroduction in plants
tpes of asexual reproduction in plant
Vegetative propagation
Budding
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Sexual reproduction in plants
Parts of flower
Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhedeGaurav Ghankhede
Reaching the age Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhedeof adolesceReaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhedence by Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhede Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav Reaching the age of adolescence by gaurav ghankhede
How Do Organisms Reproduce ? - Class 10 CBSE science (BIo)Amit Choube
Reproduction is an integral feature of all living beings. The process by which a living being produces its own like is called reproduction.
Importance of Reproduction:
Reproduction is important for each species, because this is the only way for a living being to continue its lineage. Apart from being important for a particular individual, reproduction is also important for the whole ecosystem. Reproduction helps in maintaining a proper balance among various biotic constituents of the ecosystem. Moreover, reproduction also facilitates evolution because variations come through reproduction; over several generations.
NATURE HAS INVENTED REPRODUCTION AS A MECHANISM TO MOVE FORWARD. AS A LIFE FORCE THAT PASSES RIGHT THROUGH US AND MAKES US A LINK IN THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
3. 1. What is reproduction ?
2. Asexual Reproduction
3. Sexual Reproduction
4. Male Reproduction Organs
5. Female Reproduction Organs
6. Human Ovum (egg)
7. Sperms
8. Fertilization
9. Internal Fertilization
10. External Fertilization
11. Zygote
12. Viviparous Animals
13. Oviparous Animals
4. Reproduction is the biological process by which new
individual organisms are produced.
Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known
life; each individual organism exists as the result of
reproduction.
It is the process by which new organism are
generated. It is the mechanism of species
continuation.
6. Asexual reproduction is a mode of
reproduction that does not involve the fusion
of the male and the female gamete. It
requires only one parent, and the offspring's
produced are exact copies of their parents.
7.
8. The reproduction in which the both male
reproductive organs and female
reproductive organs involved to give birth to
new individual is called sexual reproduction.
9. The male reproductive
system produces sperm
cells and provides a
mechanism for delivering
them to the female's
body. Millions of sperms
produced by the testes.
10.
11. The female reproductive organs are of
ovaries, oviduct [fallopian tubes] and the
uterus.The ovary produces female gametes
called ova [eggs]. A single matured egg is
released into oviduct by on of the ovaries
every month. Uterus is the development of
the baby takes place. Like the sperm, an egg
is also a single cell.
16. Sperm were first observed in 1677 by Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek using a microscope. The sperms are
produced by testes. Though sperms are very small
in size, each has head, a middle piece and a tail.
Each sperm is a single cell with all usual cell
components.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. The fertilization of an egg that take place
outside the body in a test tube or in any other
apparuties is known as in vitro fertilization.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30. The stage of the embryo in which all the body
parts can be identified is called a foetus.
When the development of the foetus is
complete, the mother gives birth to the baby.
31.
32.
33. The first trimester is the main period of organogenesis.
The development of the body organs.
(a) 5 weeks. Limb buds, eyes, the
heart, the liver, and rudiments
of all other organs have started
to develop in the embryo, which
is only about 1 cm long.
(b) 14 weeks. Growth and
development of the offspring,
now called a fetus, continue
during the second trimester.
This fetus is about 6 cm long.
(c) 20 weeks. By the end of the
second trimester (at 24 weeks),
the fetus grows to about 30 cm
in length.
35. Chick embryo 54 hours old
Most major organs have
formed
Formation of structures in embryo video
36. The animal which give birth to young
ones are called viviparous animals.
37. Those animals which lay eggs are called
oviparous animals.
38. The transformation of the larva into
an adult through drastic changes is
called metamorphosis.
39.
40.
41. In hydra a bud arises as an
outgrowth due to repeated cell
division at one specific place
These buds develop into tiny
individuals
When they fully mature, detach
from the parent body and become
new independent individuals
