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LA
                                    NCC
                                                         LCC


                                            RCC

                                               RV




                                            Plane of
                                   Sinus of Side View
                                   Valsalva
                        Annulus

                                                    Free Edge
       Aorta                      Commissure

                 Coaptation               Frontal View
     Leaflet     Surface


                 Nodule of                               Sino-
                 Arantus                                 Tubular
LV   Side View                                           Junction
Severity   AR Jet/LVOT Diameter
Mild       < 25%
Mod        25-50%
Severe     > 50%

Severity   AR Depth
Mild       < 2 cm below AV
Mod        2 cm below AL of MV
Severe     Jet to Pap Ms
Decel Slope measured by CWD from DTG view

Rate at which the LV and Aortic pressure equalizes
Is a function of the severity of AR
Time (sec)




                                     Velocity m/sec
                                                               A
                                                       E
                                                                VTILVI

                                           Forward SV = CSALVI x VTILVI
     LV
                                                      Time (sec)




                                    Velocity m/sec
                                                             VTILVOT (cm)

                                       Total SV = CSALVOT x VTILVOT


CSA(cm2) = 0.785 x D2
                        Regurgitant SV = Total SV – Forward SV

                                RF = Regurgitant SV – Total SV
α	

      45 cm/sec

          r



              RJ




RV = 2 π r2 * Va * α /180
                            Va = 45 cm/sec
ROarea = RV / VTI RJ
Aortic Leaflet
              Separation



Aortic Arch                    Lack of
Dilation                       Coaptation


               Aortic
               Regurgitation
Aortic  Regurgitation
Aortic  Regurgitation
Aortic  Regurgitation

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Aortic Regurgitation

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. LA NCC LCC RCC RV Plane of Sinus of Side View Valsalva Annulus Free Edge Aorta Commissure Coaptation Frontal View Leaflet Surface Nodule of Sino- Arantus Tubular LV Side View Junction
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Severity AR Jet/LVOT Diameter Mild < 25% Mod 25-50% Severe > 50% Severity AR Depth Mild < 2 cm below AV Mod 2 cm below AL of MV Severe Jet to Pap Ms
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Decel Slope measured by CWD from DTG view Rate at which the LV and Aortic pressure equalizes Is a function of the severity of AR
  • 17. Time (sec) Velocity m/sec A E VTILVI Forward SV = CSALVI x VTILVI LV Time (sec) Velocity m/sec VTILVOT (cm) Total SV = CSALVOT x VTILVOT CSA(cm2) = 0.785 x D2 Regurgitant SV = Total SV – Forward SV RF = Regurgitant SV – Total SV
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. α 45 cm/sec r RJ RV = 2 π r2 * Va * α /180 Va = 45 cm/sec ROarea = RV / VTI RJ
  • 21.
  • 22. Aortic Leaflet Separation Aortic Arch Lack of Dilation Coaptation Aortic Regurgitation