This document contains information about electrocardiography (ECG) including how to interpret various components of the ECG like the P wave, QRS complex, T wave, and intervals. It discusses how to measure heart rate, determine the cardiac axis, identify abnormalities, and report key findings. The document provides details on the normal morphology and measurements of the various waves and intervals that make up the ECG.

1. Yandi Ariffudin, dr

3. - +/-
+

4. Menggunakan terminal sentral sebagai titik nol

9.  Kertas grafik garis horizontal
dan vertical dengan jarak 1 mm.
 Garis lebih tebal terdapat pada
setiap 5 mm.
 Garis horizontal
menggambarkan waktu
1 mm = 0,04“
5mm = 0,20“.
 Garis vertikal menggambarkan
voltase
1 mm = 0,1 milivolt
10 mm = 1 milivolt.
 Kecepatan perekaman 25
mm/detik.
 Kalibrasi 1 milivolt yang
menghasilkan defleksi setinggi
10 mm.

12.  P wave : activation of the atria
 PR interval: duration of AV
conduction
 QRS complex:activation of right and
left ventricular
 QRS duration: duration of ventricular
muscle depolarization
 PP interval: duration of atrial cycle
(an indicator or atrial rate)
 RR interval: duration of ventricular
cardiac cycle (an indicator of
ventricular rate
 QT interval: duration of ventricular
depolarization and repolarization

14. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

15.  P wave
 Width < 0.12 s
 Height < 0.3 milliVolt
 Always positive in lead II, negative in aVR
 PR interval
 From the start of P wave to the start of QRS
 Normal duration 0.12 – 0.20 s
 QRS complex
 Width 0.06 – 0.12 s (~ 0.10 s)
 Length varies among leads
 Q  first negative deflection
 R  first positive deflection
 S  negative deflection after R
 ST segment
 From the end of S to the start of T
 Normal : iso-electrical
 T wave
 Positive in lead I, II, V3 – V6 and negative in aVR

16. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

18. KELAINAN

27. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

28.  Rule of 300
 300/[number of large boxes between two R waves].
 only works for regular rhythms !!
300/7.5 large boxes = rate 40
 Six second methods
 Count the number of R-R intervals in six seconds and multiply by
10
 Useful for irregular rhythm  average rate
There are 8 R-R intervals
within 30 boxes. Multiply 8 x
10 = Rate 80

29. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

31. Defleksi positif Defleksi negatif

33. —
3600
I
+
-
1800 00
aVF
+
900

38. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

39.  Indicate wave of atrial depolarization
 Normal characteristic:
1. Smooth and rounded
2. Upright in leads I, II, aVF, aVL
3. Upright or downward in lead III
4. Biphasic in right precordial lead (V1,V2)
5. P wave duration: 120 milliseconds (measured in
the widest P wave)
6. Amplitude in limb lead: < 0.25 mV and terminal
negative deflection in V1 or V2 < 0.1 mV in depth

42. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

43.  Mulai dari awal gelombang P sampai dengan
permulaan kompleks QRS
 Durassi normal 0.12-0.2 detik

49. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

50.  Wave of ventricular depolarization
 5-20 mm tall
 Duration 0.06-0.10/0.12 seconds

52. QRS morphology
qRs Rs R rS
QR Q/QS rSr’
RsR’

53.  Any pathological Q wave or not
• >1/3 of QRS complex
QR Q/QS

59. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

60.  Begins at J point
 Between ventricular depolarization and
ventricular repolarization
 Generally isoelectric

61. J Poin

68. NON-STEMI / UAP

69. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

70.  Ventricular repolarization, followed by
ventricular relaxation
 Positive in lead : I, II, V3-V6
 Negative in lead avR

72. ECG REPORTING
1. Rhythm
2. QRS rate
3. Axis
4. P wave
5. PR interval
6. QRS complex
7. QRS duration
8. ST segment
9. T wave
10. Extra systoles

77. Sekian