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This document outlines key concepts about forestry. It defines a forest as a group of trees growing together over a large land area, and forestry as the science of creating, managing, and conserving forests. It lists four factors that affect forest distribution: soil, human activities, precipitation, and temperature. It describes seven problems facing forestry in Kenya, including poor management, pest and disease attacks, encroachment, wildfires, destruction by wild animals, overexploitation of resources, and extinction of indigenous tree species. The importance of forests and their products is also summarized.
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This document discusses different types of forests and their importance. It describes tropical evergreen, temperate deciduous, and coniferous forests, which make up 49%, 16%, and 35% of the world's forest coverage, respectively. Forests are important as they protect watersheds, prevent floods and erosion, regulate atmosphere and CO2 levels, and provide resources. However, overexploitation through mining, fires, urbanization, and deforestation can lead to higher temperatures, soil erosion, floods, loss of biodiversity, and land degradation. Conservation efforts include controlling fires and development, protecting existing forests, and social forestry programs.
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Deforestation is the removal of forests to clear land for human development. It is caused by population increase, industrialization, urbanization and infrastructure projects like road building and mining. This destroys habitats and biodiversity. Deforestation leads to climate change, soil erosion, flooding and loss of millions of plant and animal species. Pakistan has one of the highest deforestation rates in Asia due to unsustainable logging and lack of enforcement of protection laws, threatening its forests, wildlife and ecosystems. Reforestation efforts and sustainable practices are needed to preserve the environment.
naturalvegetationandwildlife
The document discusses India's natural vegetation and wildlife. It describes various types of natural vegetation found in India including tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn forests and scrubs, montane forests, and mangrove forests. It also discusses factors like relief and climate that affect the diversity of flora and fauna in India. The document further provides details on India's wildlife and the distribution of various animal species. It highlights government conservation efforts like projects tiger and rhino as well as the establishment of biosphere reserves and protected areas to conserve India's natural heritage.
Forest types and their management in Pakistan
The document provides an introduction to forests and forest types. It defines forests according to various international standards and outlines their key functions. These include carbon sequestration, oxygen production, habitat provision, erosion prevention, and more. The document then discusses factors that determine forest types such as climate, soil, geography, and biotic interactions. It proceeds to outline Pakistan's major forest types and the characteristics of each. Finally, it provides an overview of Pakistan's national forest policy and management approaches.
Report for ecology
The document discusses forests in the Philippines, including the types of forests, their value, and threats. It outlines 8 major types of forests: dipterocarp, molave, pine, mangrove, beach, mid-mountain, limestone, and freshwater/swamp. Forests provide both tangible and intangible values such as regulating water cycles, preventing erosion, and providing economic and environmental benefits. However, forests face major threats from illegal logging, mining, and other human and natural destructive activities. Conservation methods include afforestation, scientific harvesting, and selective logging.
Forest resources
a thorough project on forest resources!!
deals with meaning, deforestation, afforestation, dams, etc
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- 2. LESSON OBJECTIVES At the end of this PowerPoint presentation the learners should be able to; i. Define the term forest and forestry ii. State four factors affecting forest distribution. iii. State seven factors affecting forestry iv. Describe the importance of forest and its products
- 3. DEFINATION OF TERMS Forest Forest is a group of trees growing together in a large track of land either planted or growing naturally. Forestry Forestry is the science of creating, managing and conservation of the forest.
- 4. FACTORS AFFECTING FOREST DISTRIBUTION Soil Human activities Precipitation Temperature Aspect
- 5. SOIL Soil is the most important factor in the distribution of forest I. Deep soil such as the volcanic soil found on the mountainous regions allow for deep rooting hence good area for forestry II. Desert soil is insufficient of moisture hence plants withers leading to less or no forest III. The black cotton soil is well aerated and holds water essential for forest growth IV. Thin soils are always not favorable for forests as the plants lacks support and anchorage
- 6. HUMAN ACTIVITIES There are some human that discourage the growth of forest, they include; I. Agriculture; human beings clear forests to create room for their agricultural activities. II. Settlement; humans cut down forest to give room for building homes and industries III. Pouching; human pouch some of the indigenous plants in the forest for herbal and medication purposes
- 7. PRECIPITATION • Coniferous forest have cone-shaped crowns to allow snow to slide off so not to accumulate on the branches and cause them to break off. • There are dense forest where there is heavy precipitation while there is less forest cover consisting of stunted trees in areas with little precipitation.
- 8. ASPECT In temperate region slopes facing equator have dense forests because they are warmer while those facing the poles have coniferous forests which are adapted to low temperatures. Dense forests are found on windward slopes of mountains because they are wetter than leeward slopes and they start at a lower level than on the leeward slopes.
- 9. TEMPERATURE I. Areas with moderately high temperatures encourage quick growth of forests while areas with cold temperatures the forest growth is very slow II. Rain forests are found at low altitudes which are warmer while coniferous forests are found at high altitudes which are cooler.
- 10. IMPORTANCE OF FOREST AND FOREST PRODUCTS Forest and its product is useful to both humans and animals; 1. Forest serves as home of wildlife animals and birds 2. Forest product such as timber are used by humans in construction 3. Some plants are used as herbal used in medications 4. Forests are source of food such as honey and fruits 5. Animals in the forest are hunted for horns, skins and food 6. Forests acts as water catchment areas. 7. Forests provide wood used in cottage industries for making carvings and wooden utensils which are sold locally and exported
- 11. PROBLEMS FACING FORSTRY IN KENYA POOR MANAGEMENT OF FORESTRY, by the concerned agents of the government's leads to loose of forest products to unconcerned citizens PEST AND DESEASE ATTACK THE FORESTS DESTROYING LARGE TRACKS OF FOREST leading to loose of indigenous species of trees Encroachment by people clearing forest to creat room for settlements, grazing and agriculture. Destruction of huge tract of forest by huge world fire. Destruction of young plants by huge wild animals OVEREXPLOITATION OF FOREST resources leads to extinction of some indigenous tree species in the forest.
- 12. FOREST FIRE OUT BREAK When forest fires occur there is loss of both property and life The one of Portugal claimed the lives of 59 people and wealth of great prices including homes
- 13. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION At the end of lesson the learner should be able to; i. Define the term forest and forestry. ii. State factors that affect the distribution of forest. iii. Problems affecting forestry. iv. Importance of forestry.
- 14. REFERENCE KLB BOOK 2 CERTIFICATE GEOGRAPHY BOOK 2 EURO NEWS BBC NEWS SCIENCE.HOWSTUFFWORKS.CO