Forests play important productive, protective, and regulatory roles. They provide food, fodder, fuel, renewable energy, clothing, and other products for human use. Forests also protect against soil erosion, regulate climate and rainfall, maintain biodiversity, and purify the air. Forests ameliorate climate by intercepting sunlight, reducing temperature and wind speeds, and increasing precipitation. They are crucial ecosystems that sustain human and environmental well-being.

1. ROLE OF FOREST

2. FOREST:
• Dense and extensive tree cover.
• Biodiversity
• An area managed for the production of timber and other forest
produce or maintained under woody vegetation for such
indirect benefits as protection or catchment areas or recreation.

3. ROLES OF FOREST
• Productive role
• Protective role
• Regulative role

4. PRODUCTIVE ROLE
• Food
• Fodder
• Fuel
• Renewable energy
• Clothing

6. 1. Canopy Layer (Large Fruits and Nut Trees)
2. Low Tree Layer (Dwarf Fruit Trees)
3. Shrub Layer (Currants and Berries)
4. Herbaceous Layer (Medicinal Herbs)
5. Rhizosphere (Root Crops)
6. Soil Surface (Ground Cover Crops)
7. Vertical Layer (Climbers, Vines)
The Seven Layers of a Forest Garden

7. FODDER
• Provides fodder for cattle, livestock, etc.,
• India need about 50 million tones of fodder to produce 27 million tonnes of milk
for its existing population.

8. FUEL
• 2000 million people depend
on wood for cooking.
• 97% of the total energy
consumption.
• 1 kg food = 1.2 kg wood
• Eg.,Casuarina equisetifolia,
Eucalyptus tereticornis
India must produce more wood than food if it is to be cooked before consumed.

9. RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Firewood,
• Hydro energy,
• Peat,
• Leaf litters,
• Bio gas,
• Bio diesel.
Petro crops:
(substitute to petro
chemicals)
Vegetable oils have
great potential to be
used as liquid fuel or
as a source of
hydrocarbons.

10. CLOTHING
• Forest provides excellent clothing materials like rayon and silk.
• Example: Rayon materials are produced from Eucalyptus galobulus,
Accacia mearnsii, Acacia dealbata etc.

11. TREE PRODUCTS
Forest trees produce valuable products other than fuel wood, cloths, etc.,
Many valuable ;
 Phyto chemicals,
 Cosmetics,
 Oils,
 Fibber,
 Drugs, spices…etc.,

12. Diospyros melanoxylon
(tendu)
Bidi wrappers

13. Bambusa arundinacea
 Pulp paper,
 Basket making,
 Small timber
 Poles

14. Acacia nilotica spp. Indica
True gums
Acacia catechu
Dyes - Textile industry and many other.

15. Eucalyptus tereticornis - oil
Tree oils:
 Soap and cosmetics,
 Pharmaceuticals,
 Confectionery,
 aerated water,
 Agarbattis etc.,

16. Agave sisalana
Uses :
 Ropes and mats,
 Cordage,
 Twines,
 Nets.

17. MATCH STICK INDUSTRY
 Ailanthus excelsa,
 Populus nigra (black poplar), etc.

18. PLYWOOD INDUSTRY
 Teak (Tectona grandis),
 Terminalia sp, etc.,
Spices - Dioscorea innoxia Drugs - Alpinia glanga

19. PROTECTIVE ROLE
 Climatic factors
 Edaphic factors
 Hydrological factors
 Erosion factors
 Quality of life

20. SOIL EROSION
EROSION FACTORS:
 Runoff,
 Wind and water erosion,
 Soil fertility,
 Siltation of dams etc.

21. FACTORS OF FOREST
Climatic factors – temperature and radiation, wind movement and velocity,
humidity and precipitation
Edaphic factors – soil composition and structure, soil temperature, water table,
soil chemistry, moisture regime
Hydrological factors – evaporation and transpiration, interception, infiltration,
sub soil runoff, siltation of river bed

22. QUALITY OF LIFE
• Physical air pollution,
• Protection against chemical air contamination,
• Noise protection, recreation,
• Biodiversity conservation, halting the spread of deserts,
• Conservation of soil and water resources,
• Forest as carbon reservoir / sinks,
• Rehabilitation of mined areas.

23. REGULATIVE ROLE
 Climate amelioration
 Climate change
 Wind
 Air-Temperature
 Precipitation
 Soil and water conservation
 Biological diversity
 Purification of atmosphere

24. FOREST

25. Climate amelioration:
•Trees plays a vital role in global climate change, and modify other
climatic properties like wind, temperature, rainfall etc.
Climate change:
• Global climate change have been brought about by increased
concentration of heat absorbing greenhouse gases such as CO2,
methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons.
Air temperature:
•Intercepts the sun’s rays .
•Cooling effect is high in summer (9 O C) than winter ( 3 O C ).

26. WIND
 Forests trees reduces the wind velocity and thereby changes the local
climate.
 This principle is used in shelterbelts and windbreaks.
 It is mentioned that wind losses 25 to 40 per cent of its velocity if it
passes 30 m through a dense forest and it retains only 8 per cent of its
velocity if it passes through 120 m of forest.

27. PRECIPITATION
• Forest influence local precipitation.
• It is believed that the cooling effect above a forest brought
about by the heavy transpiration of the canopy increases rainfall
by 2 to 3 per cent over that of non-forested area.

28. SOILAND WATER CONSERVATION
• Thick canopy of forest can intercept large amount of water
• thick layers of humus on forest floor is responsible for low
runoff.
• A forest canopy with no litter layer can reduce evaporation
up to 50 % of that from a non forested soil.

29. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
• Forest are ecosystem, which provides habitat for multitude of
species of plants, animals and micro-organisms used directly and
indirectly by humans.
• 500 different species of mammals and 1/10th of the total avifauna
in the world is present in Indian forest.

30. PURIFICATION OF
ATMOSPHERE
 Trees play a vital role in ameliorating the deteriorating environment.
 A belt of 5 to 6 m wide with a tall dense trees and shrubs planted
close reduces sound 5 to 10 db.
 Acalypha hamiltoniana, Casealpinia pulcherima, Ixora sp,
Sansevieria sp., and many other species plays a major role in
environmental conservation and industrial green belt.

31. 2016
OUR ROLE:
(in forest)
• Don’t do
deforestation.
• Plant trees
• Save for future
OUR ROLE:
(in society)
• Don’t do
pollution.
• Don’t exploit.
• Save for future

32. THANK YOU