This document discusses personality disorders, including antisocial personality disorder and passive-aggressive personality disorder. It defines personality disorders as chronic psychological conditions beginning in childhood or early adulthood that negatively impact social and occupational functioning. The key characteristics of personality disorders are maladaptive and rigid behaviors, abnormal personality traits, and significant impairment. The causes are thought to involve genetic and environmental factors. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by disregard for others and criminal behavior, while passive-aggressive personality disorder involves indirectly expressing negative feelings through procrastination and excuses.

1. Presented by:
Rose Marie T. Revilla
• PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE
• ANTISOCIAL

2. Personality disorders are chronic psychological disorders
that begin in childhood, or by early adulthood at the latest.
They are pervasive, negatively affecting people’s work,
family, and social lives, and causing a great deal of
distress, discomfort, either for the affected people
themselves, or for those who are around them.

3. Personality disorder, also known as “character
disorder”, is the possession of one or more
personality traits that deviates from the normal
that they interfere with the individual’s well-
being or adjustment to society and require
psychiatric attention.

4. Personality disorder is not the same
as mental illness, so to speak. The
symptoms of mental illness are not
continuous, but mostly episodic. The
symptoms of personality disorders
are continuous and start from
adloscence or even before.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS
a. It is not a mental illness.
b. It is a maladaptive/rigid/pervasive/chronic behavior.
c. It is the possession of abnormal personality traits.
d. It is along lasting, most of the time life-long problem.
e. It causes significant impairment in social or occupational functioning.
f. It produces distress to the individual and others.
g. His/her behavior deviates from cultural standards.
h. The behaviour is consistent over time.

6. HOW ARE PERSONALITY DISORDERS DIAGNOSED?
a. These patterns of behavior must be chronic and pervasive, affecting many different
aspects of the individual’s life, including social functioning, work, school and close
relationships.
b. The individual must exhibit symptoms that affect two or more of the following areas:
thoughts, emotions, interpersonal functioning and impulse control.
c. The pattern of behaviors must be stable across time and have an onset that can be
traced back to adolescence or early adulthood.
d. These behaviors cannot be explained by any other mental disorders, substance
abuse or medical conditions.

7. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Substance Abuse
• Anxiety Disorders
• Depression
• Dissociative Disorders
• Social Phobia
• Post Traumatic Stress Disoder
• Schizophrenia

8. CAUSES
• GENES. Certain personality traits may be passed on to
us by our parents through inherited genes. These traits
are sometimes called temperament.
• ENVIRONMENT. This involves the surroundings one
grew up in, events that occured and relationships with
family members and others.

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CAUSES
Personality disorders are thought to be caused by
a combination of these genetic and
environmental influences. Your genes may make
you vulnerable to developing a personality
disorder, and a life situation may trigger the
actual development.

10. Types of Personality Disorders
1. Antisocial Personality Disorder
2. Passive-Aggressive Personality
Disorder

11. ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
Antisocial personality disorder is chronic
antisocial behaviour that violates other’s
rights or generally accepted social
norms. This disorder predisposes a
person toward criminal behaviour.

12. ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
• Disregard for others’ needs or feelings,
• Persistent lying, stealing, using aliases, conning others.
• Recurring problems with the law.
• Repeated violation of the rights of others.
• Fails to plan ahead
• Aggressive, often violent behavior
• Disregard for the safety of self or others
• Impulsive behavior
• Consistently irresponsible
• Lack of remorse for behavior
• Appear intelligent or charming

13. Epidemiological Statistics:
In the general population, the prevalence of
antisocial personality disorder is about 2% to
3%. Roughly one-half of people with this
disorder have a history of arrest. It affects three
to four times as many males than females.

14. Clinical Features:
A patient antisocial personality disorder has a long-standing pattern of disregarding other’s
right and society’s values. Other assessmet finding may include:
• Repeatedly performing unlawful acts
• Reckless disregard for his own or other’s safety
• Deceitfulness
• Lack of remorse
• Consistent irresponsibility
• Power-seeking behavior
• Destructive tendencies
• Impulsivity & failure to plan ahead
• Superficial charm
• Manipulative nature
• Inflated, arrogant self-appraisal
• Irritability & aggressiveness
• Inability to maintain close personal or sexual relationships
• Disconnection between feelings & behaviors
• Substance abuse

15. Predisposing Factors:
 Genetic & biological may influence the development of antisocial personality disorder. Biological factors
include:
• Poor serotonin regulation in certain brain regions, which may decrease behavioural inhibition.
• Reduce autonomic activity & developmental or acquired abnormalities in the prefronatal brain systems.
• Such biological factors may underlie the low arousal, poorfear conditioning & decision-makingdeficits
seen in patients with antisocial personality disorder.
 Children at risk
• Other possible causes or risk factors include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, large families &
childhood exposure to these conditions:
* Substance abuse
* Criminal behavior
* Physical or sexual abuse
Neglectful or unstable parenting
* Social isolation
* Transient friendships
* Low socioeconomic status

16. PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE PERSONAL
DISORDER
Passive-aggressive personality disorder (PAPD)
causes people to express negative feelings and
emotions subtly or passively rather than directly.
This often creates a contradiction between what
they say and do.

17. PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE PERSONAL
DISORDER
• There people procrastinate, do not perform tasks adequately,
and make excuses for their behavior.
• They manipulate themselves into dependent positions and
force others to become responsible for them.
• Friends become angry and frustrated with the opposite
attitude.
• Unreasonably critizes and scares authority.
• Complains of being misunerstood or unappreciated by
others.
• Envy towards those who are ahead of him.
• They are pessismistic and generally lack self-confidence.

18. Clinical Features:
• Feels cheated & unappreciated
• Passively resists fulfilling routine social & occupational
tasks
• Complains of being misunderstood & unappreciated by
others
• Argumentative
• Unreasonably criticizes & scorns authority
• Express envy & resentment toward those apparently
more fortunate
• Voices exaggerated & persistent complaints of
personal misfortune.
• Altenates between hostile defiance & contrition

19. Predisposing Factors:
Contradictory parental atttude & behavior are
implicated in the predisposing to passive-aggressive
personality disorder. Through this type of
environment, children learn to control their anger for
fear of provoking parental withdrawal & not receiving
love & support- even on an inconsistent basis. Overtly
the chid appears polite & undermanding; hostility &
inefficiency are manifested only covertly & indirectly.

20. THANK
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