A search for Anti-biotics & Anti-microbials
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The document discusses bacterial and fungal diseases and presents information on various antibiotics, antimicrobials, and phytoalexins from plants. It lists many bacterial diseases ranging from minor infections to serious diseases like tuberculosis. It also discusses the side effects of antibiotics. The document then profiles various plants and their antimicrobial compounds that are used in pharmaceuticals as antiseptics and antifungals. It lists several potent plants used as natural antibiotics and antimicrobial agents.
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A search for Anti-biotics & Anti-microbials
- 1. A search for Antibiotics & Antimicrobials Human well-being Presented by Dr. Sudhakar Kokate Director PPRC, India
- 3. About bacterial diseases Caused by bacteria Range from minor skin infections to bubonic plague and tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, meningitis and syphilis Bacteria cause diseases by secreting / excreting toxins by producing toxins internally PPRC/INDIA 02
- 4. Bacterial diseases Cutaneous anthrax Pulmonary anthrax Gastro-intestinal anthrax Whooping cough Bacterial pneumonia Lyme disease PPRC/INDIA 03
- 5. Bacterial diseases Brucellosis Acute enteritis Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) Trachoma Psiltacosis PPRC/INDIA 04
- 6. Bacterial diseases Conjunctivitis of newborn (ICN) Botulism Pseudomembranchus colitis Gas gangrene Anaerobic cellulitis Tetanus PPRC/INDIA 05
- 7. Bacterial diseases Diphtheria Nosocomial infections Urinary tract infections (UTI) Diarrhoea Meningitis in children PPRC/INDIA 06
- 8. Bacterial diseases Haemorrhagic colitis Haemolytic-uremic syndrome Upper respiratory tract infections Peptic ulcer Gastric carcinoma PPRC/INDIA 07
- 9. Bacterial diseases Legionnaire’s disease Pontiac fever Leptospirosis Lesteriosis Leprosy Tuberculosis PPRC/INDIA 08
- 10. Bacterial diseases Mycoplasma pneumonia Gonorrhoea Ophthalmia neonatorum Septic arthritis Typhoid fever Salmonellosis PPRC/INDIA 09
- 12. About Fungal diseases Caused by fungi in the environment Most are not dangerous Some types are harmful to health These are > 1.5 mn different species of fungi on earth 300 are known PPRC/INDIA 11
- 13. Fungal diseases Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Candidiasis Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) C. neoformans cryptococcosis PPRC/INDIA 12
- 14. Fungal diseases C. gattii cryptococcosis Dermatophytes Fungal keratitis Histoplasmosis Ringworm PPRC/INDIA 13
- 15. Fungal infections (Mycosis) Estimated to occur in over a billion people / yr Infects skin, nails, respiratory tract, alimentary canal ‘Candida albicans’ cause most fungal infections Antibiotics & immuno-suppressive drugs e.g. Corticosteroids are major factors contributing to frequency of fungal infections PPRC/INDIA 14
- 16. Dermatophyte infections Athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis) Nail infections (Tinea unguium) Ringworm of the body (Tinea corporis) Ringworm of the groin (Tinea cruris) Ringworm of the scalp (Tinea capitis) PPRC/INDIA 15
- 17. Yeast infections Interigo Pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor) Thrush (Candida albicans) PPRC/INDIA 16
- 18. Some of the antibiotics Amkin Kantex Neofradin Netromycin Neboin Humatin PPRC/INDIA 17 Trobicin Xifaxan Lorabid Invanz Doribax Primaxin
- 19. Some of the antibiotics Merrem Ancef Keffin Mandol Cefzil Suprax PPRC/INDIA 18 Keflex Cefobid Claforan Vantin Fortaz Cedax
- 20. Some of the antibiotics Maxiprime Teflaro Zeftera Vancocin Vibativ Cleocin PPRC/INDIA 19 Lencocin Cubcin Xithrone Biaxin Dynabac Erythrocin
- 21. Some of the antibiotics Erythroped Ketek Rovamycin Azactam Furoxone Zyvox PPRC/INDIA 20 Amoxil Chloromycitin Tetracyclin Vibramycin Teramycin Acromycin
- 22. Side effects of antibiotics Stomach upset Bitter taste Itchiness Rash Anaemia Headache PPRC/INDIA 21
- 23. Side effects of antibiotics Discoloured urine Nausea Neurotoxicity Ototoxicity Sensitivity to sunlight Enamel hypoplasia PPRC/INDIA 22
- 24. Side effects of antibiotics Transisent depression of bone growth Pneumonia Mycoplasmal infections Gonorrhoea Bacterial prostatitis Urinary tract infections (UTI) PPRC/INDIA 23
- 25. Phytoalexins Plants are exposed in environment They need defence mechanisms for survival The plants produce secondary metabolites – “Phytoalexins” Have broad range of activity PPRC/INDIA 24
- 28. Styrax Anti-microbial compound: Benzoic acid Activity: Anti-bacterial PPRC/INDIA 27
- 30. Cinchona & Remijima Anti-microbial compound: Quinine hydrochloride Activity: Anti-bacterial PPRC/INDIA 29
- 32. Coptis japonica Anti-microbial compound: Berberine chloride Activity: Anti-bacterial PPRC/INDIA 31
- 34. Rhus japonica Anti-microbial compound: Tannic acid, berberine Activity: Anti-bacterial PPRC/INDIA 33
- 36. Salix sub fragilis Anti-microbial compound: Salicylic acid Activity: Anti-bacterial PPRC/INDIA 35
- 38. Cinnamomum camphora Anti-microbial compound: Camphor Activity: Anti-bacterial PPRC/INDIA 37
- 41. Aloe vera Family: Xanthorrhoeaceae Compound: Anthraquinones Bioactivity: Burns, wound, infections PPRC/INDIA 40
- 43. Arnica Family: Asteraceae Compound: Sesquiterpene, lactones Bioactivity: Burns, wound, infections PPRC/INDIA 42
- 44. Tea tree oil PPRC/INDIA 43
- 45. Tea tree oil Leaves of: Melaleuca alternifolia Compound:Terpene hydrocarbone Bioactivity: Skin infections PPRC/INDIA 44
- 47. Berberis Family: Berberidaceae Compound: Phenol glycoside Bioactivity: Urinary antiseptic PPRC/INDIA 46
- 49. Cranberry Family: Ericaceae Compound: Plant acids Bioactivity: Urinary antiseptic PPRC/INDIA 48
- 51. Echinacea Family: Asteraceae Compound: Polysaccharide Bioactivity: Stimulation of immuno-stimulant PPRC/INDIA 50
- 53. Cinchona Family: Rubiaceae Compound: Quinine Bioactivity: Malaria remedy PPRC/INDIA 52
- 58. Thuja Family: Cupressaceae Antimicrobial compounds: Hinokitiol PPRC/INDIA 57
- 60. Magnolia Family: Magnoliaceae Antimicrobial compounds: Magnolol PPRC/INDIA 59
- 62. Euonymus Family: Celastraceae Antimicrobial compounds: Capillene PPRC/INDIA 61
- 64. Forsythia Family: Oleaceae Antimicrobial compounds: Pillyrin PPRC/INDIA 63
- 66. Swertia Family: Gentianaceae Antimicrobial compounds: Benzoic acid PPRC/INDIA 65
- 68. Phellodendron Family: Rutaceae Antimicrobial compounds: Berberine PPRC/INDIA 67
- 69. Tea tree oil PPRC/INDIA 68
- 70. Tea tree oil Family: Myrtaceae Antimicrobial compounds: Essential oil PPRC/INDIA 69
- 73. Grape Family:Vitaceae Compounds: Grape fruit seed extract Ref: Jo. et. al. 1994 PPRC/INDIA 72
- 75. Mustard Family: Brassicaceae Compounds: Allyl isolisothiocyanate Ref: Zaika et. al. 1978 PPRC/INDIA 74
- 78. Clove, allspice, cinnamon Family: Myrtaceae Compound: Eugenol Ref: Zaika et. al. 1978 PPRC/INDIA 77
- 80. Thuja Family: Cupressaceae Compound:Thymol Ref: Grayer & Harbone 1994 PPRC/INDIA 79
- 82. Thyme Family: Labiatae Compound: Carvacrol Ref: Dan Palevitch 1994 PPRC/INDIA 81
- 84. Origanum vulgare Family: Lamiaceae Compound: Organic oil Ref: Pasture et. al. 1990 PPRC/INDIA 83
- 85. Some more POTENT plants as Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents
- 89. Schima wallichii sp. liukiuensis PPRC/INDIA 88
- 92. Thank You !! “BE WITH US”