Intro to sociology and Anthropology

1. INTRO TO SOCIOLOGY
AND ANTHROPOLOGY
MAEP

2. Anthropology
THE STUDY OF HUMANITY
•It Deals with man from ancient or
primitive societies to modern, so that
information from this study can help
diagnose, predict and prevent social
disorganization or changing realities.

3. THE STUDY OF HUMANITY
• It Deals with man from ancient or
primitive societies to modern
• information from this study can help
diagnose, predict and prevent social
disorganization or changing realities.

4. It covers 3 areas:
• physical (artifacts),
• social; and
•cultural.
It has a far-ranging concern about
man, society and culture through
physical manifestations.

5. BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
•BIOLOGICAL/ PHYSICAL
•ARCHAEOLOGY
•SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
• LINGUISTIC

6. 1. BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
• Focuses on the evolution of man
as a biological organism
(paleoanthropology) and aims to
answer questions: "What
defines human life and
society?", "How are social
relations among humans
organized?", "Who are the ancestors
of modern Homo sapiens?",

7. • "Who are the ancestors of
modern Homo sapiens?", "What are
humans' physical traits?", "How do
humans behave?", "Why are there
variations among different groups of
humans?", "How has the
evolutionary past of Homo
sapiens influenced its social
organization and culture?"

8. 2. ARCHAEOLOGY
•It studies material remains in
order to describe and explain
human behavior.
• Things studied are tools,
potteries and other enduring
relics that remains as the legacy
of ancient culture

9. 3. SOCI0- CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
• It studies societies and culture
describing, analyzing and
explaining cultural similarities
and differences.
• In considering diversity in time
and space anthropologists
perceive the universal, the
generalized and the particular

10. LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY
It studies and compares language
both simple and complex, its variation
and change:
•1. Descriptive linguistics- studies
sounds, grammar and meaning in
particular languages
•2. Historical linguistics- considers
variation in time such as changes in
sounds, grammar and vocabulary. It
also studies the links between
languages and culture

11. Anthropology
Origin, Evolution and
Development of man
Part 2

12. The Different Forerunner Theories
1. Uniformitarian theory
2. Unilineal Evolution theory
3. Historical Particularism
4. British Functionalism

13. 1. Uniformitarian Theory
• The process responsible for the
formation of earth occur at steady or
uniform and gradual rates.

14. 2. Unilineal Theory
• All human ways of life pass
through a similar sequence of
stages or grades as they
evolved

15. 3. Historical Particularism
• championed by American
Anthropologist Franz Boas . It
attempted to discover the past
influences on a given culture
that made it the way it is, why
people have their distinct ways of
feeling, thinking and behaving.

16. 4. British Functionalism Theory
( 1920 – 1950) Popularized by
Bronislaw Malinowski a British.
It proposes that culture features
of the people should be explained
by the functions they perform.

17. Origin and Evolution of Man
• 1. Homonids – Prehumans or
Protohumans (Australopithecines)
discovered in south Africa in 1924 is
a ground dwelling ape and has an
erect posture but had an ape-like
brain.

18. • 2. Homo – which succeeds the
homonids and which contains one or
more species like: Lucy found 3 – 3.5
M y.0.
• a. Homo Habilis – skillful man
• b. Homo Erectus – upright
• man
• c. Homo Sapiens – wise man

19. Anthropological Discoveries
• Anthropological Discoveries:
• 1.Lucy – 3-3.5 million years y.o. 40%
humanlike. Discovered by Donald
Johanson in 1974 in Africa.
• 2. Homo habilis- 1.75 million y.o.
discovered by
• L.S.B. Leakey in Tanzania in 1964.
• 3. Homo erectus-1.8 million y.o.
discovered by Dr. Eugene Dubois in
1891 in Java

20. • Records show that Homo
sapiens, the only survivor of the
genus homo, is man’s own
species began to replace the
Homo erectus (bipedal man)
100,000 years ago.
•

21. • 2 TYPES OF HOMO SAPIENS:
• Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis
• Inhabitants of Europe and
adjacent
• parts of Asia and Africa,
discovered in
• 1956

22. • Homo sapiens sapiens
Found in Southern France in
Cro- magnon caves
• Homo sapiens invented complex
tools such as bow and arrow
and sewing needles.

23. • Humans domesticated animals
and plants
• They mastered varied
environments
• In 3000 B.C. they built walled
cities, used plows and wheeled
vehicles
• Built irrigation canals and
studied astronomy and invented
writing.

24. MAN’S CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
1. PALEOLETHIC
Evidenced by making and using
tools
2. MESOLITHIC CULTURE-
transition
Lived along coastal areas,
those living in inland used bow
and arrows. Domesticated dogs.
•

25. • NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
Called the new stone age. There
is a shift from food-gathering to
food producing
• AGE OF METALS- transition
from pre-historic to historic
about 4000 B.C.
• Copper – used by Sumerians and
Egyptians
• Bronze- used by the Orientals
• Iron- Used by the Hitties of Asia M.