This document provides a summary of key events and discoveries in Antarctica as well as descriptions of some of the native wildlife. It outlines important expeditions such as Cook in 1773, Weddell in 1822, and Amundsen reaching the South Pole in 1911. Amundsen used dogs and motorized sleds, while Scott's expedition failed and all died on the return trip. It also describes the major penguin species that live in Antarctica like Emperors, Adelies, and Chinstraps, as well as other birds and seals including Blue Whales, Orcas, and Elephant Seals.

2. Map of Antarctica

3. Discovery 1773 - Captain Cook - his wooden ship could not penetrate the ice ring. 1822 - James Weddell (Sealing) 1830 - Whalers came 1911 - Roald Amundsen reaches South Pole 1915 - Shackleton stuck in ice 1959 – Antarctic Treaty

5. Amundsen’s Discovery of South Pole

6. Roald Amundsen Race with Scott Dogs instead of horses and motorized sleds Ate dogs as supply sleds didn’t need them Reached Pole on December 16, 1911 Placed the flag of Norway

7. Robert Scott Entire expedition dies. Race with Amundsen Took Siberian horses Motorized sleds quickly broke down Refused to eat dogs Horses died Men had to pull Pole January 17, 1912 All men died on return

8. Sir Ernest Shackleton Stuck in Ice – Lost Ship

9. Plants 2 Flowering Plants Pearlwort Grass Only on Antarctic Peninsula There are also bacteria, molds, yeast, algae and fungi

10. Antarctic Birds Snow Petrels Terns Fulmars Cape Pigeons Skuas Terns Penguins

11. Snow Petrel Small as a robin Dart over ocean like large mosquitoes

12. Skua Has hooked bill Has sharp claws Feeds only ashore Eats penguin eggs Eats weak penguin chicks

13. Albatross These birds roam the oceans at the bottom of the world.

14. Penguins 18 species of penguins 4 live in Antarctica Emperor Adelie Southern Gentoos Chinstrap

15. Emperor Largest of all penguins Hatch eggs during coldest winter months Female lays egg in May Male hatches egg for 2 months and loses 40% of body weight Female takes over

16. Adelie Most numerous Named after Captain d’Urville’s wife Very small

17. Southern Gentoos Live on peninsula 2-1/2 feet tall Gentle and timid White connected patches above eyes

18. Chinstrap Black marking under chin from ear to ear

19. Whales Baleen Toothed

20. Blue Whales - Baleen Baleen whale – strain food, mostly krill Largest animal in the world 200,00 pounds - More than 5,700 mid-sized cars! 100 feet long

21. Humpback - Baleen Filters food Eats mainly krill Is less streamlined Has long flippers

22. Sperm Whale - Toothed Uses echo sounding to find prey Can dive 3,000 feet Only males migrate to Antarctica

23. Orcas – Toothed Whales Resembles a dolphin Largest carnivore Eats seals and penguins Hunt in packs Will even bump icebergs to knock off penguins

24. Seals Crabeaters Leopard Ross Weddell Southern Elephant

25. Seals Live in groups called pods Six species live in Antarctica

26. Elephant – Crabeater - Leopard Elephant – largest Crabeaters Leopard

27. Southern Elephant Seals Weigh up to 8,000 lbs. Largest of the world’s seals

28. Southern Fur Seals Were nearly wiped out by seal hunters in the nineteenth century Live in groups - pods Have paddle like flippers or fins Have a thick layer of blubber

29. Southern Fur Seal