Antarctica is the southernmost continent, surrounded by the Southern Ocean. It contains over 90% of the world's ice and if this ice melted, sea levels would rise by over 60 meters. Antarctica has a very cold climate with temperatures reaching as low as -89.6 degrees Celsius. While there is little permanent human habitation, various animals like penguins, seals and whales live in Antarctica. Scientists from different countries conduct research in Antarctica to study climate change, geology and other topics.

1. By Kyle Zunic 6 Gold ANTARCTICA

2. Antarctica is the region lying south of the Antarctic Circle, and surrounds the South Pole. There is a very small piece of land which points towards South America. Antarctica is very far from the Equator that’s why it is so cold. Antarctica contains 90% of the worlds ice, and it contains 10% of the worlds surface. If all of the ice in Antarctica melted, the sea level would rise 60 metres. In summer it is almost one-and-a-half times the size of the USA. Where is Antarctica?

3. NATURAL INTEREST Life and living things in Antarctica - Eskimos, penguins, seals, Whales and fish live in Antarctica. There are only a few types of Antarctic fish because the water is so cold. These fish have an antifreeze in their blood. What the earth is like – Antarctica can be divided into two regions. East Antarctica which is the larger region and is made of ancient rocks mostly lying sea level. These rocks are about 3,800 million years old. The other region named West Antarctica is very different and is about 150-200 million years old and has mountain ranges buried under the ice. What the weather is like in Antarctica – Antarctica is the windiest continent on earth, it is also the driest continent on earth. It has not rained in some places like the Dry Valleys for thousands of years. The coldest temperature ever recorded was in Antarctica in 1983.(-89.6 degrees Celsius). CULTURAL REASONS What the people are like in Antarctica. Antarctica people are mainly scientists, explorers and some tourists. The only places where people live are bases or stations usually run by national governments. 7 countries including Australia claim territory in Antarctica but all of these countries have agreed to co-operate with other countries to study and conserve Antarctica for the benefit of the world. DEVELOPMENT What things have been done to deal with the conditions in Antarctica. Very warm clothes would be needed to survive on Antarctica because it is so cold. You would also need other transport than cars because there is a lot of snow. Why is Antarctica important?

4. Antarctica is like a laboratory for the world. Scientists from all over the world come to study because living things here are untouched. They also study climate change and clues to the origins of the universe. How do we use Antarctica?

5. The Weddell Seal The Weddell seal lives further south than the other mammal. When Weddell seals are born the pups look like unstuffed pyjama cases, all skin and flippers. Over a few weeks the mother and the pup change in there look. Adelie Penguin The Adelie penguins average weight is 5kg, the average height is 70cm. The breeding season is November-February. The Adelie penguin is scared of: leopard seals and mainly adult birds. Animals in Antarctica

6. Antarctica is the coldest place on earth. The temperatures fall bellow -35 degrees Celsius. It is also 4km thick. Antarctica is also the 5 th biggest continent of the 7 continents. It takes up 10% of the worlds land area. Its area is 14 million square km. Only about 2% of Antarctica is not ice, that isn’t a lot. Antarctica is the highest continent. Antarctica is the windiest place on earth with winds up to 327km/h. There are about 24 000 000 square km of ice altogether. Less than 200 000 people have ever been there. Facts about Antarctica

7. -Australia Antarctica Division www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=1134 -Antarctica Heinemann -Talk Talk http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchi-nson/m0016263.html Bibliography

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