Another Path for Measuring Industrial Parameters
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Is there accurate and cost effective solution for measuring industrial parameters like, flow, level, pressure, temperature, weight, volume, density in present era Industrial parameters can easily measured by using resistivity and conductivity of materials only. Cost effective way to measure parameters of gas, liquid and Solid materials by measuring change in mili or micro amperes only. Let us understand by below mentioned examples and measuring techniques. Mr. Darnesh "Another Path for Measuring Industrial Parameters" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46462.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46462/another-path-for-measuring-industrial-parameters/mr-darnesh
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![International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD46462 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 587
V, I, and R, the parameters of Ohm's law
where I is the current through the conductor in units
of amperes, V is the voltage measured across the
conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of
the conductor in units of ohms. More specifically,
Ohm's law states that the R in this relation is constant,
independent of the current.
If the resistance is not constant, the previous equation
cannot be called Ohm's law, but it can still be used as
a definition of static/DC resistance.
Examples of level and flow measuring construction diagram are shown in below figure.
Construction equipments: Level and Flow
transmitters, Current detector switches, Electrical
wire conductors
Level measuring Working Principle: Electrons’s
flowis maintained in electrical wire conductor in mili
amperes while measuring level. Wire conductor is
placed in middle of insulated hollow pipe. Top and
bottom ends of pipe placed with current detector
switches. Change in mili ampere in between current
detecting limit switches while material like gas or
liquid or solid entering into pipe cause reason of level
detection. By doing calibration of level transmitter,
accurate reading could be achieved.
Flow measuring Working Principle: Electrons’s
flowis maintained in electrical wire conductor in mili
amperes while measuring flow. Wire conductor is
placed in middle of switches. Change in miliampere
in between limit switches while material like gas or
liquid or solid flowing through the pipe cause reason
of flow detection. By doing calibration of flow
transmitter, accurate reading could be achieved.
Temperature/Pressure/Volume (weight)/Density
measuring working principle:
Flow of electrons is changed when applied under
variable temperature, pressure, volume (weight),
variable density, media like gases, liquids or solids.
Change in mili ampere occurs while measuring. By
doing calibration accurate reading can be achieved.
Conclusion:
Flow of electrons increase or decrease(current is
directly proportional to material amount in between
electric field [current] detector limit switches) when
find less resistive path or by introducing conductive
material to their bare conductor cause reason of
measurement.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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signal in the form of electrical power to be transmitted to receiver via antenna in the form magnetic field. In
receiver section, receiver antenna received the power transmitted that is still in the reach of magnetic field
generated by transmitter. The power that is still in the form of oscillating signal, then stabilized for the
purpose of handphone power using rectifier and voltage regulator.
Design has been made successfully to the form of handphone battery power wireless
chargerusing omdirectional antenna which consist of two main part, that is transmitter and receiver. The
transmitted power is 3.058 watt with frequency 714 KHz, and receiver received the power and then
stabilized the signal to produce output power 58.706 miliwatt. This device can transmit power in all
directions horizontally (angle 360°). This device also tested with some kind of obstacle, with the result
almost all obstacle still could transmit the power except metal.
Elektronika (1)
The document discusses different types of resistors used in electronics. It describes wire-wound resistors, carbon-composition resistors, carbon film resistors, metal film resistors, surface-mount resistors, fusible resistors, and thermistors. It also covers resistor color coding systems used to indicate a resistor's resistance value and tolerance. Variable resistors like rheostats and potentiometers are discussed as well as factors like power rating and common resistor problems.
Chapter6 electronic-components
This document discusses key questions to ask about electronic components, focusing on resistors and capacitors. For resistors, reasonable parameter values include resistances from 0.1Ω to 10MΩ, power ratings up to 1W, and tolerances of ±5% for carbon film and ±1% for metal film. Resistors have parasitic inductance and capacitance that affect behavior at high frequencies. Capacitors can store energy in an electric field according to the relationship between current, voltage, and capacitance.
transparent electronics ppt
This document discusses transparent electronics using transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). It introduces TCOs such as indium tin oxide which allow for both optical transparency and electrical conductivity. This is achieved through degenerate doping and the Burstein-Moss shift. TCOs find applications in transparent thin-film transistors, resistors, capacitors and indutors which could enable see-through laptops, phones and solar panels. Further advances could lead to solar windows but also environmental challenges.
Optoelectronics seminar: MESFET
The document discusses the Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MESFET). It describes the MESFET's structure, operating principles, and advantages over other transistors like MOSFETs for microwave applications. The MESFET uses a Schottky barrier gate and has a channel made of gallium arsenide, giving it higher electron mobility and saturation velocity than silicon-based devices. This makes MESFETs well-suited for power amplifiers and switches operating at microwave frequencies above 2 GHz.
Transient electronics 1
Transient electronics are biodegradable electronic devices made of materials like magnesium and silk that dissolve harmlessly in water over time. They have applications as medical implants that provide diagnostic functions and dissolve after use, environmental monitors that degrade after a chemical spill, and consumer devices that can be composted to reduce electronic waste. The devices are made using nanomembranes thin enough to enable transistors and diodes but thick enough to control dissolution rates using silk encapsulation. They operate wirelessly using radio frequencies and can be used for applications like treating surgical infections by heating the wound site and dissolving after healing. Transient electronics offer new opportunities for temporary devices that eliminate electronic waste.
Transparent electronics
The document discusses transparent electronics, which uses invisible electronic circuitry and optoelectronic devices. It describes applications like smart car windshields and solar panel embedded windows. Transparent conducting oxides are key materials that are engineered to be both transparent and conductive through doping and modifying the band gap. Circuits can be made through transparent thin film resistors, capacitors, and transistors. Further research is still needed to improve the accuracy of transparent thin film resistors.
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Characterization Techniques for Electronic Devices.pptx
This document discusses techniques for characterizing electronic devices, focusing on electrical and electrochemical methods. It provides an overview of Ohm's law and how resistance is established through current-voltage relationships. Resistivity and resistance are defined, and their relationship illustrated through common formulas. Conductance is also introduced. Voltage-current characteristics are described for different materials, including how they can be used to measure conductivity. The 4-probe technique for resistance measurement is compared to the 2-probe method, highlighting how it overcomes limitations like contact resistance and ensures more accurate resistivity measurements.
Design of 230 kV Twin Bundle Double Circuit Overhead Transmission Line
The purpose of this paper is to study and design of 230 kV twin bundle double circuit overhead transmission line. In design consideration, the selection of economic voltage, choice of conductor size, number of insulators, maximum sag of conductor and minimum height of conductor are considered. The electrical transfer of energy from one place to another over long distance with standard regulations is one of the major problems in the field of electrical power engineering. The parameters of overhead transmission line are resistance, inductance and capacitance. The bundle conductors are used for reducing the reactance on the line, corona losses, radio interference and surge impedance. Daw Hnin Yu Lwin | U Hla Myo Htay "Design of 230 kV Twin Bundle Double Circuit Overhead Transmission Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27830.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27830/design-of-230-kv-twin-bundle-double-circuit-overhead-transmission-line/daw-hnin-yu-lwin
Measurement of Strain and Temperature
This document discusses the measurement of strain and temperature. It begins by defining temperature as an indication of molecular kinetic energy, and explains that temperature cannot be directly measured but rather is determined through standardized calibrated devices. It then discusses various effects of temperature change including changes in physical state, chemical state, physical dimensions, electrical properties, and radiating ability. These effects form the basis for different temperature measurement methods. The document also provides details on different types of strain gauges including mechanical, electrical, bonded, unbounded, foil, semiconductor, and piezoelectric gauges. It explains the theory, construction, and operation of electrical resistance strain gauges, which are widely used. The gauge factor and preparation/mounting of strain gauges
P2.3 p2.4 lesson 4 resistance & ohm's law
This document contains lesson plans for teaching a unit on electrical circuits. It includes 12 lessons covering topics like static electricity, electrical current, series and parallel circuits, resistance, Ohm's law, potential difference, and the heating effect of current. Lesson 4 focuses on resistance and Ohm's law, with learning objectives about stating the relationship between resistance and current, calculating potential difference using current and resistance, and describing and graphing the direct proportional relationship defined by Ohm's law.
Analysis of Stranded Multi-Conductor Cable in Multilayered Dielectric Media
ABSTRACT
Due to complexity of electromagnetic modeling, researchers and scientists always look for development of accurate and fast methods to extract the parameters of electronic transmission cables. These parameters play a critical role in various applications like electro surgery, fault location in cables and many more. In this paper, the modeling of stranded multiconductor cable in multilayered dielectric media is illustrated. We specifically determine the distributed parameters of two wire transmission lines in two-layered dielectric media. The effect of frequency change on the parameters is also discussed. This numerical analysis was successfully implemented for modeling of a cable which connects the hand piece of an electro surgical device to its generator. Comparison of the theoretical and the practically measured results is demonstrated with good agreements.
Electromagnetic_Flow_Meters for Hot corrected.docx
Before we get into the best types of flow meters that are best compatible for hot/chilled water systems, we need to get familiar with what electromagnetic flow meters are, what components make this flow meter well sorted after in the industry and what makes them better than the rest of the competition.
What is an Electromagnetic Flow Meter?
Electromagnetic flow meters for hot/cold water systems, also known as magmeters, are part of the concept of velocity or volumetric flow meters. These devices work in accordance with Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which states that a voltage will be induced when a conductor passes through a magnetic field. Magmeters can only be used to measure conductive fluid flow rates.
Prior Magmeter designs required a fluidic conductivity of between 1 and 5 microsiemens per centimeter to function properly. The necessary threshold has, however, been 100 times lower in modern designs, remaining between 0.05 and 0.1.
What constitutes an Electromagnetic Flow Meter for Hot/Chilled Water Systems?
The Electromagnetic Flow Meter for Hot/Chilled Water Systems is constituted of a non-magnetic pipe that is lined with an insulating material. Magnetic coils in paired together are also included and a pairing of electrodes can be found penetrating the pipe and its linings.
Magmeter Excitation
The voltage that is developed at the location which sits the electrodes has been measured to be in millivolt signals. This can be easily converted into a standard current (4 - 20 mA) or into a frequency output of 0 - 10,000 Hz at or in close proximity to the flow tube. With the installation of intelligent magnetic transmitters with digital outputs gives room for direct connection to a distributed control system.
Due to the weakness in strength of the signals generated by the magmeter, the lead wire is shielded (and is advised by manufacturers to be shielded) and twisted if you sort to make the transmitter a remote.
Powering of the magmeter’s coils can be performed through either using alternating or direct currents. During an AC excitation, line voltage is applied to the magnetic coils, this then results in the flow signal becoming more like a sine wave in appearance. The amplitude of the wave is proportional to velocity.
Noise voltages can also be induced in the electrode loop in addition to the flow signal. Out-of-phase noise can be easily filtered, but in-phase noise has the requirement of the stoppage of the flow (with the pipe full) and the transmitter output set to zero.
One main issue with the AC magmeter designs is that the noise can vary with process conditions and frequency re-zeroing is required to maintain accuracy.
In a DC excitation design, a low frequency (7 – 30 Hz) DC pulse is used to stimulate the magnetic coils. When the coils are pulsed on, the transmitter reads both the flow and noise signals. In between pulses, the transmitter only the identifies noise signal. Therefore, the noise can be continuously eliminated afte
Separate Conductors for AC and DC Supply
AC and DC supplies are ruling in this present electricity world. Involvement of both AC and DC supply can be seen from small circuits to big giant machineries. But is there conductor separation needed for both distinguish supply forms Are we wasting time, money and materials by using same conductors for both dissimilar supplies In my opinion, it is the right time to take decision to separate conductors for both rulers. Darnesh "Separate Conductors for AC and DC Supply" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47567.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47567/separate-conductors-for-ac-and-dc-supply/darnesh
Electrical properties of a metal, semi metal and superconductor
This document summarizes an experiment measuring the electrical properties of a metal (copper wire), semi-metal (graphite), and superconductor (lead-tin alloy) at different temperatures. Key results include:
1) The resistance of copper decreases with decreasing temperature, while the resistance of graphite increases as temperature decreases.
2) The lead-tin alloy shows decreasing resistance with temperature until 7.12K, below which its resistance drops to zero, indicating superconductivity.
3) Current-voltage measurements show all materials obey Ohm's law at room temperature, while the lead-tin alloy shows a nonlinear response below its critical temperature, not obeying Ohm's law.
Transmission Line by YEASIN NEWAJ
Transmission lines are used to transmit energy from one point to another effectively without power loss. They conduct alternating current of radio frequency. There are four main types of transmission lines: two-wire parallel lines, coaxial lines, strip lines, and waveguides. Transmission line theory accounts for the distributed nature of voltages and currents along the line. Key parameters are resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance. The characteristic impedance is the ratio of voltages to currents with no reflections. Impedance matching minimizes reflections to maximize power transfer. Standing waves form from reflections. Losses occur due to impedance mismatch and line properties. Stub matching can be used to achieve impedance matching. Different modes of propagation include
PHYSICS PROJECT RITWICK.pptx
1. The student conducted an experiment to determine the variation of resistivity in different materials. Resistivity was measured for aluminum wire, copper wire, iron wire, and manganin wire.
2. Calculations were shown to determine the resistivity for each material using measurements of resistance, length, thickness, and area.
3. The resistivity increased in the order of aluminum wire, copper wire, iron wire, and manganin wire respectively. This follows the known trend that metals have lower resistivity than alloys.
Physics Project.docx.pptx
This document is a student's physics investigatory project report on determining the resistivity of different metal wires using Ohm's Law. It includes an introduction to resistance and resistivity, the experimental procedure, observations recording current, voltage and calculating resistance of iron, aluminum, manganese and copper wires. The results show the resistivity increases in the order of copper, aluminum, iron and manganese wires. The conclusion states Ohm's Law relates voltage, current and resistance and is useful in electrical engineering.
PARAMETRIC MODELING OF VOLTAGE DROP IN POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
PARAMETRIC MODELING OF VOLTAGE DROP IN POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKSInternational Journal of Technical Research & Application
- This study presents the evaluation and
parametric modeling of voltage drop in power distribution
networks. The issues of voltage drop in power distribution
networks has become a recurrent decimal in power distribution
sector, which has avert effects on electronics appliances, which
result in incessant fire out in offices and residential buildings.
Benin Electricity Distribution Company (BEDC) injection
substation both in Ekpoma and Benin City were investigated for
a period of three months (1ST February to 30TH April, 2014). Data
were obtained from both technical staff and prospect power
consumers in that area with the help of questionnaires. Causes of
various voltages drop in six power distribution injection
substation sectors were obtained from both residential and
industrial areas with the corresponding time (hour).
Mathematical modeling was developed for voltage drop. Firstly,
it was observed from BEDC power system that there were no
technical reports recorded on voltage drop cases and due to lack
of technical record, this aspect has witnessed a low response time
from the technical sector to eradicate. It is observed that voltage
drop occurrences and response time before repairs has similar
exponential pattern, which justify the neglect of voltage drop.
Voltage drop in both residential and industrial areas were
consideredpdfslide.net_physics-investigatory-project-on-ohms-law-58f9dcf82b4f5.pptx
This document contains an investigatory physics project on determining the resistivity of different metal wires using Ohm's Law. It includes an introduction to resistance and resistivity, materials used, the procedure followed, observations recorded, calculations of resistivity for each metal, and a conclusion. The resistivity values obtained were 10.5 ×10^-8 Ωm for iron, 2.7×10^-8 Ωm for aluminium, 48.2×10^-8 Ωm for manganese, and 1.7×10^-8 Ωm for copper. The student concluded that Ohm's Law holds true and the relationship between potential drop and current is linear.
pdfslide-2301185666666151450-45bd63c9 (1).pdf
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Electromagnetic flow meter bcst
BCST can make compact electromagnetic flow meter , insertion electromagnetic flow meter , JC090, JC091 , welcome to visit our website www.bcstgroup.com
Piezoelectric sens0 r
A piezoelectric sensor uses the piezoelectric effect to convert changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain or force into an electrical charge. Piezoelectric sensors are versatile tools that are used for quality assurance, process control, and research and development across many industries. They have limitations for static measurements but are otherwise a mature and reliable sensing technology. Piezoresistive sensors undergo a change in electrical resistance when subjected to mechanical strain, and are commonly used in integrated circuits made from piezoresistive materials like silicon.
Bcst－jc090 electromagnetic flowmeter catalog
The document describes an electromagnetic flow meter manufactured by BCST Group. It discusses the meter's simple structure with no moving parts, its ability to measure flow without interrupting the fluid, and its high accuracy that is not affected by fluid parameters. It also provides details on the meter's display, data logging and communication capabilities, and lists its technical specifications.
Transducer main
This document provides an overview of sensors and instrumentation. It discusses key concepts like measurement, instruments, transducers, sensors, and different types of sensors like pressure sensors, displacement sensors, and strain gauges. Measurement involves quantitatively comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit. Instruments are devices that measure physical quantities and can be mechanical, electrical or electronic. Transducers convert one form of energy to another while sensors measure energy levels and output electrical signals.
B011120723
This document provides details on calculating various losses that occur in high voltage underground power cables, including dielectric losses, conductor losses, and sheath losses. It presents formulas to calculate voltage-dependent and current-dependent dielectric losses, as well as ohmic conductor losses and sheath eddy current and circulating current losses. The document also provides methods to calculate cable parameters like inductance, impedance, and mutual impedances between conductors and screen. It describes using these calculations and ETAP modeling to analyze losses in an existing 33kV cable network and determine that installing VAR compensators could reduce total daily power losses by approximately 2471 kW.
Strain Gauges
A Strain gauge (sometimes refereed to as a Strain gauge) is a sensor whose resistance varies with applied force; It converts force, pressure, tension, weight, etc., into a change in electrical resistance which can then be measured. When external forces are applied to a stationary object, stress and strain are the result. Learn and Enjoy.
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Characterization Techniques for Electronic Devices.pptx
Characterization Techniques for Electronic Devices.pptx
Design of 230 kV Twin Bundle Double Circuit Overhead Transmission Line
Design of 230 kV Twin Bundle Double Circuit Overhead Transmission Line
Analysis of Stranded Multi-Conductor Cable in Multilayered Dielectric Media
Analysis of Stranded Multi-Conductor Cable in Multilayered Dielectric Media
Electromagnetic_Flow_Meters for Hot corrected.docx
Electromagnetic_Flow_Meters for Hot corrected.docx
Electrical properties of a metal, semi metal and superconductor
Electrical properties of a metal, semi metal and superconductor
PARAMETRIC MODELING OF VOLTAGE DROP IN POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
PARAMETRIC MODELING OF VOLTAGE DROP IN POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
pdfslide.net_physics-investigatory-project-on-ohms-law-58f9dcf82b4f5.pptx
pdfslide.net_physics-investigatory-project-on-ohms-law-58f9dcf82b4f5.pptx
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Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
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This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Map
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
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The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learning
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
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Another Path for Measuring Industrial Parameters
- 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 5 Issue 6, September-October 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD46462 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 586 Another Path for Measuring Industrial Parameters Mr. Darnesh Teacher, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT Is there accurate and cost effective solution for measuring industrial parameters like, flow, level, pressure, temperature, weight, volume, density in present era ? Industrial parameters can easily measured by using resistivity and conductivity of materials only. Cost effective way to measure parameters of gas, liquid and Solid materials by measuring change in mili or micro amperes only. Let us understand by below mentioned examples and measuring techniques. How to cite this paper: Mr. Darnesh "Another Path for Measuring Industrial Parameters" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6, October 2021, pp.586-588, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46462.pdf Copyright © 2021 by author (s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) Resistivity: The electrical resistivityof a material is a number describing how much that material resists the flow ofelectricity. Resistivity is measured in units of ohm·meters ( m). If electricity can flow easily through amaterial, that material has low resistivity. If electricity has great difficulty flowing through a material,that material has high resistivity. The electrical wires in overhead power lines and buildings are made ofcopper or aluminum. This is because copper and aluminum are materials with very low resistivities(about 20 n m), allowing electric power to flow very easily. If these wires were made of high resistivitymaterial like some types of plastic (which can have resistivities about 1 E m (1 x 1018 m)), very littleelectric power would flow. Electrical resistivity is represented by the Greek letter . Electrical conductivityis represented by the Greek letter , and is defined as the inverse of the resistivity. This means a high resistivity is the same asa low conductivity, and a low resistivity is the same as a high conductivity. Conductivity: Conductivity is measured in micromhos per centimeter (µmhos/cm) or microsiemens per centimeter (µs/cm). Distilled water has a conductivity in the range of 0.5 to 3 µmhos/cm. It is the ratio of the current density to the electric field strength. It is equivalent to the electrical conductance measured between opposite faces of a 1- metre cube of the material under test. The symbol for electrical conductivity is κ (kappa), and also σ (sigma) or γ (gamma). Electrical conductance is an electrical phenomenon where a material contains movable particles with electric charge (such as electrons), which can carry electricity. When a difference of electrical potential is placed across a conductor, its electrons flow, and an electric current appears. Ohm’s Law: Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, one arrives at the usual mathematical equation that describes this relationship: IJTSRD46462
- 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD46462 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 587 V, I, and R, the parameters of Ohm's law where I is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is the voltage measured across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the conductor in units of ohms. More specifically, Ohm's law states that the R in this relation is constant, independent of the current. If the resistance is not constant, the previous equation cannot be called Ohm's law, but it can still be used as a definition of static/DC resistance. Examples of level and flow measuring construction diagram are shown in below figure. Construction equipments: Level and Flow transmitters, Current detector switches, Electrical wire conductors Level measuring Working Principle: Electrons’s flowis maintained in electrical wire conductor in mili amperes while measuring level. Wire conductor is placed in middle of insulated hollow pipe. Top and bottom ends of pipe placed with current detector switches. Change in mili ampere in between current detecting limit switches while material like gas or liquid or solid entering into pipe cause reason of level detection. By doing calibration of level transmitter, accurate reading could be achieved. Flow measuring Working Principle: Electrons’s flowis maintained in electrical wire conductor in mili amperes while measuring flow. Wire conductor is placed in middle of switches. Change in miliampere in between limit switches while material like gas or liquid or solid flowing through the pipe cause reason of flow detection. By doing calibration of flow transmitter, accurate reading could be achieved. Temperature/Pressure/Volume (weight)/Density measuring working principle: Flow of electrons is changed when applied under variable temperature, pressure, volume (weight), variable density, media like gases, liquids or solids. Change in mili ampere occurs while measuring. By doing calibration accurate reading can be achieved. Conclusion: Flow of electrons increase or decrease(current is directly proportional to material amount in between electric field [current] detector limit switches) when find less resistive path or by introducing conductive material to their bare conductor cause reason of measurement.
- 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD46462 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 588 By calculating amount or volume of material, amount of current, conductivity and resistivity of media, rest of measurement could be done. It can become cost effective and accurate solution for industrial measurement of variable parameters. References: [1] www.google.com [2] www.yahoo.com [3] www.wikipedia.com