The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 500V with a digital display was carried out due to the fact that every electrical, electronic and laboratory appliances equipments are designed and manufactured to operate based on the expectation that the input voltage would be at certain value. In Nigeria, household electrical electronic appliances and also laboratory equipments are most time under threat of low voltage supply. Since the electric power supply distribution companies are unable to provide the consistent and adequate voltage level 220V demanded by these sensitive appliances. The design and construction of a 3000VA variac variable transformer with an input voltage of 230V to give an output of 0 500V is aimed at providing solutions to this driving issue of low voltage and also to update in the growing trend of digitalization using a digital display. The method applied to achieve this project include faradays law of induction, ohms law, e.m.f equation of transformer and voltage transformer ratio k ,where the number of turns in for the primary is 136turns and the secondary is 297turns approx. . The major components used to achieve this work are the copper wires and the laminated steels core also known as the toroidal core. The designed and constructed variac was tested with an input of 230V and the output result of 500Vmaximum was confirmed ok. If designed and properly constructed with standard electrical components and materials it could be used in sub stations as step up for distributions of electricity. It should be designed with heavy gauge coils, higher rated toroidal core and attached an indicator to indicate with beep sound when it is being overloaded above its capacity. Makinde Kayode | Man Alhaji Sulaiman | Lawal Olawale Kazeem "Design and Construction of 0-500V 3KVA Variac with Digital Display" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29153.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29153/design-and-construction-of-0-500v-3kva-variac-with-digital-display/makinde-kayode
Technical Report Comparative Analysis of Photodetectors for Appropriate Usage...ijtsrd
Photodetectors have found useful applications in various power and electronic fields such as in microwave power amplifications and fibre optic data communications. Different types of photodetectors, especially the PIN photodiodes and Avalanche photodiodes, are the most useful photodetectors in microwave and fibre optic communications. In this paper, the authors x rayed the different types of photodetectors, the photodetectors' principles, the fiber optic communication architecture and principles and finally carried out the comparative analysis of PIN and Avalanche photodiodes. Obodoeze Fidelis Chukwujekwu | Obiokafor Ifeyinwa Nkemdilim "Technical Report: Comparative Analysis of Photodetectors for Appropriate Usage in Optical Communication Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46406.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/46406/technical-report-comparative-analysis-of-photodetectors-for-appropriate-usage-in-optical-communication-applications/obodoeze-fidelis-chukwujekwu
Another Path for Measuring Industrial Parametersijtsrd
Is there accurate and cost effective solution for measuring industrial parameters like, flow, level, pressure, temperature, weight, volume, density in present era Industrial parameters can easily measured by using resistivity and conductivity of materials only. Cost effective way to measure parameters of gas, liquid and Solid materials by measuring change in mili or micro amperes only. Let us understand by below mentioned examples and measuring techniques. Mr. Darnesh "Another Path for Measuring Industrial Parameters" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46462.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46462/another-path-for-measuring-industrial-parameters/mr-darnesh
This document discusses recent developments in power-conversion components for electronics. It begins by noting the need for higher speeds and lower power consumption in devices like laptops and military equipment. It then discusses how new materials like gallium nitride and silicon carbide allow for higher switching frequencies and lower losses compared to silicon. These new materials are being used in power MOSFETs and IGBTs. The document also notes the need for power-conversion components to operate over a wide range of voltages and temperatures depending on the application. It discusses some challenges in designing components for applications like smart meters and challenges of reducing size while managing heat.
IRJET-Wireless Power Transmission from Solar InputIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a wireless power transmission system that uses solar power as the input source.
2) It uses a high step-up DC-DC converter to boost the low voltage solar output. This is then converted to high frequency AC using a class E amplifier.
3) The high frequency signal is wirelessly transmitted through resonant coupling between transmitting and receiving coils. The receiver uses rectification to convert the signal back to DC for use by the load.
This document discusses applied electrical technology, with the phrase "Applied Electrical Technology" repeated multiple times. In a concise manner, it focuses on electrical technology and its applications, as the core subject of the content.
The document discusses energy harvesting for sensor nodes. It describes various energy harvesting architectures and technologies that can power sensor nodes, such as solar, piezoelectric, wind, and radio frequency. It provides examples of sensor node implementations that use different energy storage solutions like batteries, supercapacitors, and tiered storage. The document also discusses implications for sensor network design, including performance adaptation techniques at the node and network levels to enable energy neutral operation of harvesting-powered sensor networks.
This document discusses applied electrical technology and its applications. It focuses on how electrical technology can be applied in practical and useful ways. The key topic covered is applying electrical principles to benefit and assist people in their daily lives and work.
Technical Report Comparative Analysis of Photodetectors for Appropriate Usage...ijtsrd
Photodetectors have found useful applications in various power and electronic fields such as in microwave power amplifications and fibre optic data communications. Different types of photodetectors, especially the PIN photodiodes and Avalanche photodiodes, are the most useful photodetectors in microwave and fibre optic communications. In this paper, the authors x rayed the different types of photodetectors, the photodetectors' principles, the fiber optic communication architecture and principles and finally carried out the comparative analysis of PIN and Avalanche photodiodes. Obodoeze Fidelis Chukwujekwu | Obiokafor Ifeyinwa Nkemdilim "Technical Report: Comparative Analysis of Photodetectors for Appropriate Usage in Optical Communication Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46406.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/46406/technical-report-comparative-analysis-of-photodetectors-for-appropriate-usage-in-optical-communication-applications/obodoeze-fidelis-chukwujekwu
Another Path for Measuring Industrial Parametersijtsrd
Is there accurate and cost effective solution for measuring industrial parameters like, flow, level, pressure, temperature, weight, volume, density in present era Industrial parameters can easily measured by using resistivity and conductivity of materials only. Cost effective way to measure parameters of gas, liquid and Solid materials by measuring change in mili or micro amperes only. Let us understand by below mentioned examples and measuring techniques. Mr. Darnesh "Another Path for Measuring Industrial Parameters" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46462.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46462/another-path-for-measuring-industrial-parameters/mr-darnesh
This document discusses recent developments in power-conversion components for electronics. It begins by noting the need for higher speeds and lower power consumption in devices like laptops and military equipment. It then discusses how new materials like gallium nitride and silicon carbide allow for higher switching frequencies and lower losses compared to silicon. These new materials are being used in power MOSFETs and IGBTs. The document also notes the need for power-conversion components to operate over a wide range of voltages and temperatures depending on the application. It discusses some challenges in designing components for applications like smart meters and challenges of reducing size while managing heat.
IRJET-Wireless Power Transmission from Solar InputIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a wireless power transmission system that uses solar power as the input source.
2) It uses a high step-up DC-DC converter to boost the low voltage solar output. This is then converted to high frequency AC using a class E amplifier.
3) The high frequency signal is wirelessly transmitted through resonant coupling between transmitting and receiving coils. The receiver uses rectification to convert the signal back to DC for use by the load.
This document discusses applied electrical technology, with the phrase "Applied Electrical Technology" repeated multiple times. In a concise manner, it focuses on electrical technology and its applications, as the core subject of the content.
The document discusses energy harvesting for sensor nodes. It describes various energy harvesting architectures and technologies that can power sensor nodes, such as solar, piezoelectric, wind, and radio frequency. It provides examples of sensor node implementations that use different energy storage solutions like batteries, supercapacitors, and tiered storage. The document also discusses implications for sensor network design, including performance adaptation techniques at the node and network levels to enable energy neutral operation of harvesting-powered sensor networks.
This document discusses applied electrical technology and its applications. It focuses on how electrical technology can be applied in practical and useful ways. The key topic covered is applying electrical principles to benefit and assist people in their daily lives and work.
Wireless sensor nodes are usually deployed in not easily accessible places to provide solution to a wide
range of application such as environmental, medical and structural monitoring. They are spatially
distributed and as a result are usually powered from batteries. Due to the limitation in providing power
with batteries, which must be manually replaced when they are depleted, and location constraints in
wireless sensor network causes a major setback on performance and lifetime of WSNs. This difficulty in
battery replacement and cost led to a growing interest in energy harvesting. The current practice in energy
harvesting for sensor networks is based on practical and simulation approach. The evaluation and
validation of the WSN systems is mostly done using simulation and practical implementation. Simulation is
widely used especially for its great advantage in evaluating network systems. Its disadvantages such as the
long time taken to simulate and not being economical as it implements data without proper analysis of all
that is involved ,wasting useful resources cannot be ignored. In most times, the energy scavenged is directly
wired to the sensor nodes. We, therefore, argue that simulation – based and practical implementation of
WSN energy harvesting system should be further strengthened through mathematical analysis and design
procedures. In this work, we designed and modeled the energy harvesting system for wireless sensor nodes
based on the input and output parameters of the energy sources and sensor nodes. We also introduced the
use of supercapacitor as buffer and intermittent source for the sensor node. The model was further tested in
a Matlab environment, and found to yield a very good approach for system design.
These slides use ideas from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze when wireless charging might become economically feasible and the types of technological changes that impact on the timing of this economic feasibility. The slides show how the falling cost of power electronics, increases in the efficiency of wireless charging, and the rising demand for mobile phone usage are rapidly improving the economic feasibility of wireless charging. In particular, as the efficiencies of wireless charging over several meter distances improve, it is likely that wireless hot-spots can be used to charge phones, in addition to downloading data.
Introduction to electrical_engineering_from_roy_2009Jagabandhu Kar
The document provides an overview of the Electrical Engineering department at an unnamed university. It discusses the challenges facing the world that electrical engineers help address, such as transportation, energy, communication, and medicine. It then highlights some of the research areas and faculty within the EE department, including medical imaging, semiconductors, embedded systems, and power electronics. It concludes with the curriculum requirements for an undergraduate degree in electrical engineering.
IRJET- Embedded System based Multi-Source Leakage Current Protection for Low ...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the development of a microcontroller-based residual current circuit breaker (RCCB) that can detect faults even when the main power supply fails and a backup inverter is providing power.
2. Conventional RCCBs only protect against faults in the main power supply and not the backup inverter. This leaves users at risk of electric shock if a fault occurs when the inverter is operating.
3. The proposed microcontroller-based RCCB aims to address this issue by detecting faults under any power conditions, whether the main supply or backup inverter is providing power, in order to protect users.
This document discusses applied electrical technology. It focuses entirely on applied electrical technology by repeating that phrase multiple times. In a concise manner, the document covers applied electrical technology.
This document discusses applied electrical technology. It focuses entirely on applied electrical technology by repeating that phrase multiple times. In a concise manner, the document covers applied electrical technology.
This document discusses applied electrical technology. It focuses entirely on applied electrical technology by repeating that phrase multiple times. In a concise manner, the document covers applied electrical technology.
The Journal of Electrical Engineering & Electronic Technology (JEEET) promotes rigorous research that makes a significant contribution in advancing knowledge for technologies ranging from global positioning system to electric power generation. JEEET includes all major themes pertaining to the use of electronic equipments and electrical energy.
smart materials structures & Vibration Energy Harvesting using PZT WafersSaif al-din ali
This document discusses vibration energy harvesting using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric wafers. An experiment was conducted to harvest electrical energy from ambient vibrations using a PZT wafer attached to a cantilever beam. The beam was vibrated at different frequencies and the voltage generated was measured. A finite element model was also developed in ABAQUS to simulate the experiment. The natural frequency and voltage output from the model matched closely with the experimental results, validating the numerical model. The model can be used to optimize the design of PZT-based energy harvesters.
RF Energy Harvesting for Wireless DevicesIJERD Editor
Radio Frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to empower the next generation wireless networks. As this emerging technology enables proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices, it is advantageous in supporting applications with quality of service requirements. In this paper, some wireless power transfer methods, RF energy harvesting networks, various receiver architectures and existing applications are presented. Finally, some open research directions are envisioned.
Piezoelectricity electricity generation by vibrationtare
1. Introduction
2.How its works
3. literature review
4. Components used
5. Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Cost estimation
7. Result
8. Conclusion
9. References
10. Thank you
JMV LPS Ltd Make in India Product for SolarPv,High Energy Storage and Electri...Mahesh Chandra Manav
JMV LPS Ltd Offer Electrical Safety Product for Solar PV ,High Energy Storage ,Electric Vehicle Charging Infra Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection ,AJB/DCDB, MC4 Connectors,
Useful Information for SECI,MNRE,NTPC,BHEL,NHPC,SVJN, State Electricity Board,State Power Generation Companies, State Renewable Power Generation Companies, Smart City Projects by States,Ministry of Power ,Ministry of Renewable,Discom Companies,Solar Power Developers,Solar EPC Companies Ground Mounted,Roof Top Projects, Indian Railways ,DMRC,
The document provides information on smart hospital projects being undertaken in India. It discusses plans to build multi-specialty hospitals in major cities with modern infrastructure like power grids, building management systems, networking, data management, and patient information systems. It emphasizes the importance of electrical safety in hospitals through practices like maintenance-free earthing, exothermic welding, surge protection, and lightning protection. The presentation promotes JMV LPS Ltd.'s electrical safety products and solutions for smart hospitals and cities like copper-bonded grounding rods, jointing kits, lightning arrestors, and surge protection devices.
This document discusses applied electrical technology and focuses on rotary switches. It covers the basics of electrical technology and how rotary switches work within electrical systems. Rotary switches are used to control circuits and components by connecting or disconnecting contacts through their rotation.
A short circuit occurs when a current travels along an unintended path with low resistance, allowing excessive current to flow. This can damage electrical equipment by overheating wires or melting insulation. Proper protective devices like fuses or circuit breakers are installed to detect abnormal currents and disconnect power before damage occurs.
WIRELESS ELECTRICITY,ELECTRICITY WITHOUT WIRE,NEW TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICITYPrasant Kumar
#WIRELESS_ELECTRICITY
#ELECTRICITY_WITHOUT_WIRE
#MAJOR_PROJECT_ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING
#TECHNOLOGY_ELECTRICAL _ENGINEERING
Introduction (or Definition).
History.
How it works?
Uses.
Pros & Cons.
Why do we need it?
Cost.
Conclusion.
wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires.
Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, non-radiative and radiative.
In near field or non-radiative techniques, power is transferred by magnetic fields using inductive coupling between coils of wire, or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes.
In far-field or radiative techniques, also called power beaming, power is transferred by beams of electromagnetic radiation, like microwaves or laser beams.
Nikola Tesla (1856 - 1943)
“Nikola Tesla, the eccentric - and unbelievably under-rated - genius known as the ‘wild man of electronics’, was without doubt one of the greatest minds in the history of the human race.”The first one who gave the idea of wireless electricity.
Nikola Tesla (1856 - 1943)
“Nikola Tesla, the eccentric - and unbelievably under-rated - genius known as the ‘wild man of electronics’, was without doubt one of the greatest minds in the history of the human race.”The first one who gave the idea of wireless electricity.
MIT Scientists (in 2007)
The idea of wireless electricity has been around since the early days of the Tesla coil.
Optoelectronics provides several advantages over traditional electronics such as faster data transmission, lower power consumption, higher bandwidth, and lighter weight. It has applications in areas such as optogenetics, frequency conversion, sensors, modulators, switches, industrial control systems, and integrated chip design. Methods for achieving frequency and wavelength tunability in optoelectronics include stimulated Brillouin scattering, random fiber gratings, photonic comb generation, microring resonators, coupled fiber loops, and phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings.
Ntpc unchar boiler accident and reasonand my condolence and adviseMahesh Chandra Manav
Govt Of India /PMO Office/State Govt/Ministry of Industries and Power/Power Generation Companies ,Companies using Boiler ,Coal and Handling Ash. /Consultants Govt and PVT ,MNC
Solar latest jmv products and services information with seci specication sola...Mahesh Chandra Manav
JMV LPS all about best practice of Electrical Equipment Instalations and safety of products Solar PV and Power Evacuation Systems(Developers/Solar EPC/Electrical Contractor/eBOP Engineering Team/CCTV/Fire and Safety/Weather Monitoring SCADA ,Consultants ,SECI/MNRE/Govt PSU,State Renewable ,Power Distribution ,Transmission,Generation under IPDS and DDUGJY Scheme Roof Top Project ,Solar Pumps Projects
Design and Construction of a 0.75KVA Inverter Power Supply for Nigerian Homes...ijtsrd
Over the years, there have been a gradual increase in the electricity generation capacity of Nigeria, with more gas power plants installed between 1999 2003 to augment power supply from the existing hydro and thermal power plants installed in the 1970s but despite gradual increase in Mega Watts MW of electric power generated, Nigerian electricity consumers continue to experience epileptic and unreliable power supply distribution. As at today, the power distribution companies referred to as the DISCOs supply epileptic or skeletal power to their customers which they termed 'load shading’. This term explains a situation whereby a power consumer or customer can obtain a power ration for some hours in the day and do not have power remaining hours in the day. Because of this, many consumers depend on generating sets as alternative source of power. This is inefficient and costly to maintain. Today it is possible to introduce the electric power inverter which converts battery DC voltage to AC voltage. Inside the inverter can be coupled an electric charging system which can charge the battery when there is power supply from utility power source. When this power source fails, the battery in turn supplies the inverter with DC which is being converted to A.C sometimes the inverter can also be connected to renewable energy source like solar, wind etc. These sources ensures an all round supply of DC for the inverter. Renewable energy can be particularly suitable for developing countries such as Nigeria where public power supply is totally unreliable. In response to the yearning of the majority of Nigerians for a steady power supply, this research paper tries to contribute in a little way by designing and constructing a 0.75KVA inverter to power homes and offices. The paper starts by defining what an inverter is, reviewed similar past works in literature, and it explained the principles of operation and components used with its circuit diagram. The completed work was tested and met its design specifications. Lois O. Nwobodo | Nkemdilim Ifeyinwa Obiokafor | Samuel C. Asogwa | Fidelis C. Obodoeze "Design and Construction of a 0.75KVA Inverter Power Supply for Nigerian Homes and Offices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38533.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38533/design-and-construction-of-a-075kva-inverter-power-supply-for-nigerian-homes-and-offices/lois-o-nwobodo
This document summarizes a research paper on a proposed wireless charged inverter. The proposed inverter uses wireless power transmission to charge its battery, eliminating power losses during transmission. It consists of an electrical power transmission circuit, electrical power receiving circuit, voltage regulator, and inverter battery. The transmission circuit transmits AC power wirelessly through induction coils to the receiving circuit. This circuit rectifies the induced power and charges the inverter battery. The inverter then converts the DC battery power to a pure sine wave AC output. Advantages include efficient transmission and a backup power solution. Future applications of wireless power transmission technology are also discussed.
Wireless sensor nodes are usually deployed in not easily accessible places to provide solution to a wide
range of application such as environmental, medical and structural monitoring. They are spatially
distributed and as a result are usually powered from batteries. Due to the limitation in providing power
with batteries, which must be manually replaced when they are depleted, and location constraints in
wireless sensor network causes a major setback on performance and lifetime of WSNs. This difficulty in
battery replacement and cost led to a growing interest in energy harvesting. The current practice in energy
harvesting for sensor networks is based on practical and simulation approach. The evaluation and
validation of the WSN systems is mostly done using simulation and practical implementation. Simulation is
widely used especially for its great advantage in evaluating network systems. Its disadvantages such as the
long time taken to simulate and not being economical as it implements data without proper analysis of all
that is involved ,wasting useful resources cannot be ignored. In most times, the energy scavenged is directly
wired to the sensor nodes. We, therefore, argue that simulation – based and practical implementation of
WSN energy harvesting system should be further strengthened through mathematical analysis and design
procedures. In this work, we designed and modeled the energy harvesting system for wireless sensor nodes
based on the input and output parameters of the energy sources and sensor nodes. We also introduced the
use of supercapacitor as buffer and intermittent source for the sensor node. The model was further tested in
a Matlab environment, and found to yield a very good approach for system design.
These slides use ideas from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze when wireless charging might become economically feasible and the types of technological changes that impact on the timing of this economic feasibility. The slides show how the falling cost of power electronics, increases in the efficiency of wireless charging, and the rising demand for mobile phone usage are rapidly improving the economic feasibility of wireless charging. In particular, as the efficiencies of wireless charging over several meter distances improve, it is likely that wireless hot-spots can be used to charge phones, in addition to downloading data.
Introduction to electrical_engineering_from_roy_2009Jagabandhu Kar
The document provides an overview of the Electrical Engineering department at an unnamed university. It discusses the challenges facing the world that electrical engineers help address, such as transportation, energy, communication, and medicine. It then highlights some of the research areas and faculty within the EE department, including medical imaging, semiconductors, embedded systems, and power electronics. It concludes with the curriculum requirements for an undergraduate degree in electrical engineering.
IRJET- Embedded System based Multi-Source Leakage Current Protection for Low ...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the development of a microcontroller-based residual current circuit breaker (RCCB) that can detect faults even when the main power supply fails and a backup inverter is providing power.
2. Conventional RCCBs only protect against faults in the main power supply and not the backup inverter. This leaves users at risk of electric shock if a fault occurs when the inverter is operating.
3. The proposed microcontroller-based RCCB aims to address this issue by detecting faults under any power conditions, whether the main supply or backup inverter is providing power, in order to protect users.
This document discusses applied electrical technology. It focuses entirely on applied electrical technology by repeating that phrase multiple times. In a concise manner, the document covers applied electrical technology.
This document discusses applied electrical technology. It focuses entirely on applied electrical technology by repeating that phrase multiple times. In a concise manner, the document covers applied electrical technology.
This document discusses applied electrical technology. It focuses entirely on applied electrical technology by repeating that phrase multiple times. In a concise manner, the document covers applied electrical technology.
The Journal of Electrical Engineering & Electronic Technology (JEEET) promotes rigorous research that makes a significant contribution in advancing knowledge for technologies ranging from global positioning system to electric power generation. JEEET includes all major themes pertaining to the use of electronic equipments and electrical energy.
smart materials structures & Vibration Energy Harvesting using PZT WafersSaif al-din ali
This document discusses vibration energy harvesting using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric wafers. An experiment was conducted to harvest electrical energy from ambient vibrations using a PZT wafer attached to a cantilever beam. The beam was vibrated at different frequencies and the voltage generated was measured. A finite element model was also developed in ABAQUS to simulate the experiment. The natural frequency and voltage output from the model matched closely with the experimental results, validating the numerical model. The model can be used to optimize the design of PZT-based energy harvesters.
RF Energy Harvesting for Wireless DevicesIJERD Editor
Radio Frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to empower the next generation wireless networks. As this emerging technology enables proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices, it is advantageous in supporting applications with quality of service requirements. In this paper, some wireless power transfer methods, RF energy harvesting networks, various receiver architectures and existing applications are presented. Finally, some open research directions are envisioned.
Piezoelectricity electricity generation by vibrationtare
1. Introduction
2.How its works
3. literature review
4. Components used
5. Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Cost estimation
7. Result
8. Conclusion
9. References
10. Thank you
JMV LPS Ltd Make in India Product for SolarPv,High Energy Storage and Electri...Mahesh Chandra Manav
JMV LPS Ltd Offer Electrical Safety Product for Solar PV ,High Energy Storage ,Electric Vehicle Charging Infra Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection ,AJB/DCDB, MC4 Connectors,
Useful Information for SECI,MNRE,NTPC,BHEL,NHPC,SVJN, State Electricity Board,State Power Generation Companies, State Renewable Power Generation Companies, Smart City Projects by States,Ministry of Power ,Ministry of Renewable,Discom Companies,Solar Power Developers,Solar EPC Companies Ground Mounted,Roof Top Projects, Indian Railways ,DMRC,
The document provides information on smart hospital projects being undertaken in India. It discusses plans to build multi-specialty hospitals in major cities with modern infrastructure like power grids, building management systems, networking, data management, and patient information systems. It emphasizes the importance of electrical safety in hospitals through practices like maintenance-free earthing, exothermic welding, surge protection, and lightning protection. The presentation promotes JMV LPS Ltd.'s electrical safety products and solutions for smart hospitals and cities like copper-bonded grounding rods, jointing kits, lightning arrestors, and surge protection devices.
This document discusses applied electrical technology and focuses on rotary switches. It covers the basics of electrical technology and how rotary switches work within electrical systems. Rotary switches are used to control circuits and components by connecting or disconnecting contacts through their rotation.
A short circuit occurs when a current travels along an unintended path with low resistance, allowing excessive current to flow. This can damage electrical equipment by overheating wires or melting insulation. Proper protective devices like fuses or circuit breakers are installed to detect abnormal currents and disconnect power before damage occurs.
WIRELESS ELECTRICITY,ELECTRICITY WITHOUT WIRE,NEW TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICITYPrasant Kumar
#WIRELESS_ELECTRICITY
#ELECTRICITY_WITHOUT_WIRE
#MAJOR_PROJECT_ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING
#TECHNOLOGY_ELECTRICAL _ENGINEERING
Introduction (or Definition).
History.
How it works?
Uses.
Pros & Cons.
Why do we need it?
Cost.
Conclusion.
wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires.
Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, non-radiative and radiative.
In near field or non-radiative techniques, power is transferred by magnetic fields using inductive coupling between coils of wire, or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes.
In far-field or radiative techniques, also called power beaming, power is transferred by beams of electromagnetic radiation, like microwaves or laser beams.
Nikola Tesla (1856 - 1943)
“Nikola Tesla, the eccentric - and unbelievably under-rated - genius known as the ‘wild man of electronics’, was without doubt one of the greatest minds in the history of the human race.”The first one who gave the idea of wireless electricity.
Nikola Tesla (1856 - 1943)
“Nikola Tesla, the eccentric - and unbelievably under-rated - genius known as the ‘wild man of electronics’, was without doubt one of the greatest minds in the history of the human race.”The first one who gave the idea of wireless electricity.
MIT Scientists (in 2007)
The idea of wireless electricity has been around since the early days of the Tesla coil.
Optoelectronics provides several advantages over traditional electronics such as faster data transmission, lower power consumption, higher bandwidth, and lighter weight. It has applications in areas such as optogenetics, frequency conversion, sensors, modulators, switches, industrial control systems, and integrated chip design. Methods for achieving frequency and wavelength tunability in optoelectronics include stimulated Brillouin scattering, random fiber gratings, photonic comb generation, microring resonators, coupled fiber loops, and phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings.
Ntpc unchar boiler accident and reasonand my condolence and adviseMahesh Chandra Manav
Govt Of India /PMO Office/State Govt/Ministry of Industries and Power/Power Generation Companies ,Companies using Boiler ,Coal and Handling Ash. /Consultants Govt and PVT ,MNC
Solar latest jmv products and services information with seci specication sola...Mahesh Chandra Manav
JMV LPS all about best practice of Electrical Equipment Instalations and safety of products Solar PV and Power Evacuation Systems(Developers/Solar EPC/Electrical Contractor/eBOP Engineering Team/CCTV/Fire and Safety/Weather Monitoring SCADA ,Consultants ,SECI/MNRE/Govt PSU,State Renewable ,Power Distribution ,Transmission,Generation under IPDS and DDUGJY Scheme Roof Top Project ,Solar Pumps Projects
Design and Construction of a 0.75KVA Inverter Power Supply for Nigerian Homes...ijtsrd
Over the years, there have been a gradual increase in the electricity generation capacity of Nigeria, with more gas power plants installed between 1999 2003 to augment power supply from the existing hydro and thermal power plants installed in the 1970s but despite gradual increase in Mega Watts MW of electric power generated, Nigerian electricity consumers continue to experience epileptic and unreliable power supply distribution. As at today, the power distribution companies referred to as the DISCOs supply epileptic or skeletal power to their customers which they termed 'load shading’. This term explains a situation whereby a power consumer or customer can obtain a power ration for some hours in the day and do not have power remaining hours in the day. Because of this, many consumers depend on generating sets as alternative source of power. This is inefficient and costly to maintain. Today it is possible to introduce the electric power inverter which converts battery DC voltage to AC voltage. Inside the inverter can be coupled an electric charging system which can charge the battery when there is power supply from utility power source. When this power source fails, the battery in turn supplies the inverter with DC which is being converted to A.C sometimes the inverter can also be connected to renewable energy source like solar, wind etc. These sources ensures an all round supply of DC for the inverter. Renewable energy can be particularly suitable for developing countries such as Nigeria where public power supply is totally unreliable. In response to the yearning of the majority of Nigerians for a steady power supply, this research paper tries to contribute in a little way by designing and constructing a 0.75KVA inverter to power homes and offices. The paper starts by defining what an inverter is, reviewed similar past works in literature, and it explained the principles of operation and components used with its circuit diagram. The completed work was tested and met its design specifications. Lois O. Nwobodo | Nkemdilim Ifeyinwa Obiokafor | Samuel C. Asogwa | Fidelis C. Obodoeze "Design and Construction of a 0.75KVA Inverter Power Supply for Nigerian Homes and Offices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38533.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38533/design-and-construction-of-a-075kva-inverter-power-supply-for-nigerian-homes-and-offices/lois-o-nwobodo
This document summarizes a research paper on a proposed wireless charged inverter. The proposed inverter uses wireless power transmission to charge its battery, eliminating power losses during transmission. It consists of an electrical power transmission circuit, electrical power receiving circuit, voltage regulator, and inverter battery. The transmission circuit transmits AC power wirelessly through induction coils to the receiving circuit. This circuit rectifies the induced power and charges the inverter battery. The inverter then converts the DC battery power to a pure sine wave AC output. Advantages include efficient transmission and a backup power solution. Future applications of wireless power transmission technology are also discussed.
IRJET - Single Phase Inverter using MOSFETIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of a single-phase inverter using MOSFETs. It discusses how inverters work to convert DC power to AC power and the components used in this single-phase inverter circuit. The inverter is designed to take a 12V DC input from a battery and provide a 1000VA, 220V AC output to power domestic loads. It uses MOSFETs for the inversion process due to their advantages over other transistors. The circuit design includes an oscillation stage to generate a 50Hz signal and a buffer stage to drive the MOSFET gates. The inverter successfully provides an AC output from the DC input to power electrical appliances.
Review Paper on Wireless Power Transmission by using Inductive Coupling for D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes wireless power transmission using inductive coupling for different applications. It discusses how an alternating current in a transmitter coil generates a magnetic field which induces a voltage in a receiver coil. This induced voltage can be used to power mobile devices or charge batteries wirelessly. The document then reviews inductive coupling technology and compares various wireless power transfer methods. It presents practical results of a wireless mobile phone charger, LED lighting, and a DC fan operating without wires by using inductive coupling to transmit power. The document concludes that wireless power transmission through inductive coupling is an efficient means of transferring power without wires and has many potential applications.
Design and Implementation of a Programmable Bluetooth Electric Cookerijtsrd
This work focus on design and implementation of a programmable Bluetooth electric cooker. In recent times technology has been helping to improve the way we live and carry out our everyday activities. This includes the way in which we cook and prepare our foods. This improvement has been accompanied by structural developments in the use of technology characterized by the emergence of such communication protocols such as Bluetooth. This system uses an android phone with a Bluetooth device to communicate with a microcontroller which has been programmed embedded in an electric cooker. The system was tested and satisfactory results were obtained. S. O. N. Okonye | V. E Enukpere ""Design and Implementation of a Programmable Bluetooth Electric Cooker"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23972.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23972/design-and-implementation-of-a-programmable-bluetooth-electric-cooker/s-o-n-okonye
The document discusses arc welders and provides a summary of the top 10 best arc welders for 2016. It explains that an arc welder is an important tool for home projects and repairs that utilizes an electric current to melt metal for welding. The type of arc welder needed depends on skill level and intended use. Protective gear is important when using an arc welder to prevent eye and skin damage from the intense light and heat. A modern arc welder is useful for homeowners to have for maintenance and small metal projects.
IRJET- Harnessing the Energy Generated from Staircase using Piezoelectric...IRJET Journal
This document discusses harnessing energy from staircases using piezoelectric technology. Piezoelectric materials produce electrical energy from mechanical stress. The document proposes attaching piezoelectric crystals to staircases to convert the dynamic pressure of human footsteps into electricity. The electricity generated would be collected and used to charge batteries. It describes the system in detail, including a rectifier to convert the AC output of the crystals to DC, a boost converter to increase the voltage, and an inverter to convert the DC to AC. Simulations and a potential hardware setup are presented. The system could harness wasted energy from high traffic areas like train stations to power small loads.
This document proposes a novel three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter for grid-tied photovoltaic applications. The proposed inverter can effectively balance the operation of two independent DC sources by solving unbalanced conditions caused by unequal irradiation and temperatures. Compared to traditional two-stage inverters, the proposed NPC inverter reduces voltage requirements, lowers DC-link capacitor ratings, and improves efficiency. It also introduces a new NPC inverter topology called N-3L-SNPC that uses hybrid IGBT-MOSFET modules along with a novel PWM strategy for complete inactive body diode control, lower switching losses, higher switching frequency, and reduced output filtering needs.
This work describes the recent advancements in piezoelectric energy harvesting concepts for smart city applications. Several works have been reported which discussed the detailed design and use of different piezoelectric materials to harvest energy from vibration. In the smart city context there are many opportunities to convert mechanical to electrical such as human motion, sounds, machines and streets. Researchers have studied the factors that affect the amount of the output generated power from various sources to determine its efficiency. Effect of harvester structure, material that is used in fabricating the harvester mobility of human in its location, and other factors have been studied. Efficiency of piezoelectric harvesters is an essential parameter to judge the performance of the prototype for the betterment of energy resources. Yusra Wangde | Pranay Mendhe | Daniya Soparker | Vicky Gupta | Prof. Jyoti Dange ""Voltage Generation using Piezo-Crystals"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23440.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23440/voltage-generation-using-piezo-crystals/yusra-wangde
Analysis of Fault Detection and its Location using Microcontroller for Underg...IRJET Journal
1. The document proposes a system to detect faults in underground cables using IoT technology to identify the exact location of faults.
2. The system uses a potential divider network laid across underground cables to detect changes in voltage when faults occur. These voltage changes are sensed by a microcontroller which updates the fault information online.
3. Detecting faults in underground cables is challenging, as the entire cable line may need to be dug up to locate issues. The proposed system aims to simplify fault detection and location, saving time and money in the repair process.
wireless charging of an electrical vechicle 4hari prasad
This presentation discusses wireless power transfer for electric vehicle charging systems. It introduces various wireless power transfer methods like electromagnetic induction and microwave radiation. Electromagnetic induction involves using a transmitter coil to generate a magnetic field that induces a voltage in a receiver coil. The presentation compares different techniques and outlines a project to design a wireless charging system using an inverter, transmitter and receiver coils, and rectifier. It also discusses components like ICs, Arduino, and coil design considerations. The expected outcomes are wireless battery charging for applications like pacemakers to eliminate regular operations and enabling electric vehicles to charge safely at regular distances.
Electricity Generation Tiles Using Piezoelectric SensorIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for generating electricity using piezoelectric sensors in tiles. When people walk on the tiles, the pressure exerted is converted to voltage by the piezoelectric sensors. This voltage is then stored in batteries. Key components of the system include piezoelectric sensor tiles, voltage regulators, diodes, an RFID module, and an Arduino microcontroller. The tiles contain multiple piezoelectric sensors connected in a series-parallel configuration. Testing showed a linear relationship between a person's weight and the power generated. The stored energy could power devices like street lights or charge mobile phones using an RFID reader. The system provides an environmentally friendly way to generate electricity from human foot traffic.
SOLAR POWERED WIRELESS CHARGING STATION FOR ELECTRIC CYCLEIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a solar powered wireless charging station for electric bicycles. The charging station uses inductive coupling between transmitting and receiving coils to wirelessly charge electric bicycles. An RFID system reads tags on bicycles to allow authorized users to charge and block unauthorized users. The charging level, user records, and vehicle directions are monitored and controlled through a mobile application. The goal is to create an affordable, portable, and user-friendly wireless charging solution for electric bicycles that reduces infrastructure costs and the need for wires.
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a new microcontroller-based solar
Power inverter. The aim of this paper is to design single phase inverter which can convert DC voltage
to AC voltage at high efficiency and low cost. Solar and wind powered electricity generation are
being favored nowadays as the world increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. Power
inverters, which convert solar-cell DC into domestic-use AC, are one of the key technologies for
delivering efficient AC power The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip
microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size and cost. With this new approach the
modularization of the conversion from solar power to electric power at its maximum power point can
be made more compact and more reliable.
Improved performance of asd under voltage sag conditionsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new combination technique using a neutral linked Vienna rectifier and Z-source inverter to improve the performance of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) under voltage sag conditions. The technique aims to control voltage sags at the front end to prevent issues in the inverter at the back end. Simulation results show the proposed combination provides more stable DC link voltage and motor speed during sags compared to a normal rectifier and Z-source inverter alone. The research presents the design methodology, calculations, circuit diagram, and experimental waveforms that validate the improved ride through capability of the motor drive system using the neutral linked Vienna rectifier and Z-source inverter combination.
Improved performance of asd under voltage sag conditionsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new combination technique using a neutral linked Vienna rectifier and Z-source inverter to improve the performance of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) under voltage sag conditions. The technique aims to reduce the effects of voltage sags by providing more stable DC link voltage. Simulation results show that the proposed combination is able to maintain the DC link voltage between 150V to 450V during a sag, preventing large reductions in motor speed, and performs better than a system using only a diode rectifier and Z-source inverter. The researchers conclude that the neutral linked Vienna rectifier with Z-source inverter provides improved ride-through capability for motors even during voltage sag events.
ADVANCED POWER GENERATION USING PIEZO-SENSORIRJET Journal
This document describes a system that uses piezoelectric sensors to generate electricity from footsteps and uses the generated power to charge batteries and power electronic devices. The system uses an array of piezoelectric sensors mounted on a wooden plank connected in a series-parallel configuration to maximize voltage and current output when pressure is applied. The generated voltage is stored in a lead-acid battery and regulated to 5V before being sent to a microcontroller and LCD for monitoring and display purposes. The system also includes an RFID reader to allow authorized users to access a USB port for mobile phone charging using the stored power. The aim of the project is to develop an alternative small-scale power generation system using piezoelectric sensors that can be
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Power Generation using Piezoelectric MaterialIRJET Journal
This document discusses using piezoelectric materials to generate electricity from mechanical vibrations and pressures. It begins with an abstract that introduces generating energy from piezoelectric materials found in vibration and pressure. Section 1 discusses the need for renewable energy sources. Section 2 provides a literature review of prior research on piezoelectric energy generation. Section 3 presents a block diagram of the system, including a piezoelectric material that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, then rectification and boosting circuits. The document proposes using piezoelectric materials in shoes or other applications to harness energy from walking.
wireless charging of an electrical vechicle 2hari prasad
This document presents a project on wireless power transfer for electric vehicle charging using resonance technique. It discusses the methodology, block diagram, simulation circuit, hardware progress, inverter circuit, transmitter and receiver coil specifications, and future prospects. The project aims to wirelessly charge electric vehicles using resonant inductive coupling between a transmitter coil connected to a high frequency inverter and a receiver coil connected to a rectifier and load. Simulation and hardware results showing voltage and current waveforms are presented.
Similar to Design and Construction of 0 500V 3KVA Variac with Digital Display (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29153 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 505
Where p = power in watts
I = current in Amperes
V = voltage in Volts
Calculating the core area (Ca)
The core area is calculated using the formulae
ܽܥ = ܸ݀݁ – ܸ݀݅ (2)
Note that volume of external diameter, ܸ݀݁ = πr1
2 x H, and
volume of internal diameter, ܸ݀݅ = πr2
2 x H
Where,
Ca= cross sectional area of toroidal core
ܸ݀݅ = volume of external diameter
ܸ݀݅ = volume of internal diameter
r1 and r2 are external and internal radius respectively
H = height of core
Calculating turns per volt (TPV)
In calculating turns per volt the expression in equation (3)
was use as thus;
TPV = 1 / (4.44 × 10-4 × CA × Flux Density × AC frequency)
(swagatam, 2011) (3)
With equation (3), number of primary and secondary
turns can be derived from equation (4)
Number turns in the primary; NP =TPV x V1 (4)
Similarly for NS = TPV x V2 respectively
Weight for the winding:
Weight = volume x density (5)
Volume of conductor, V = area of conductor x total number
of turns
Area of conductor, A = ߨݎଶ
Design flow Chart
The design flow chart in figure shows representation in
algorithms, workflow and process of this project. These
processes are represented using boxes of various kind and
shapes, and the various order performed in the work, by
connecting them with arrows.
Figure.1: Design flow char
Block Diagram of the Project
The block diagram as shown in figure 2, shows in details
the various parts or units of the entire project and every
single stage of the project in block, which gives the
interconnection between the first stages to the final stage,
using arrows to indicate their directions. The input is fed
with a 230volts (AC) supply, meanwhile the variac is a
3000VA variable transformer with a primary turns of
136T, and a secondary turn of 297T. This transformer
produces an output of 0-500Volt, through the process
called mutual induction and fed to the output terminal.
Finally the digital display shows the exert value of the
output voltage in discreet form on the screen.
Figure 2: Block Diagram of a variable transformer (variac)
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29153 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 506
Procedure
Step one : Design calculation using a toroidal core
Step two : Preparation of core for winding (lamination
of core).
Step three : Arrangement of the winding on laminated
core.
Step four : Filing and varnishing of the winding.
Step five : Soldering of taps terminals on winding
(input, neutral terminals)
Step six : Construction of casing
Step seven : Coupling of the transformer in a case with
other accessories.
Step eight : Testing the transformer.
Design
The design is a process of bringing together technologies
and ideas to meet human needs or to solve outstanding
problems.
Sometimes a design is the result of someone trying to do a
task more quickly or efficiently. Design activity occurs
over a period of time and requires a step-by-step
approach.
Preliminary design assumptions
Assumptions considered when carrying out the
preliminary design of the transformer include:
Also to be able to archive 3KVA and a maximum of
500volt output, it is advisable to use a 5KVA core or
above in the course of your design.
Designing calculation for a 3000watt variac with
maximum output of 500volt
To do the design of this work the following parameters are
to be considered
Numbers of turns of both winding.
Power rating of the transformer
Core area
Voltage levels (input and output)
Current through both windings
From the data’s given the wattage of the variac 3000VA
while the input and output voltage are given as 230Volt
and 0-500Volt.
Recall equation (1): P = IV
Step 1: Primary current IP =
௪
௬ ௩௧
I୮ =
3000
230
= 13.0A
Therefore, IP = 13A with SWG of 12.5SWG/2.9mm
(Appendix A)
Step 2: Secondary current IS =
௪ ௧
௦ௗ௬ ௩௧
ܫ௦ =
ଷ
ହ
= 6A
Therefore, IP = 13A with SWG of 15.5SWG/1.73mm
(Appendix A)
Step 3: Calculating for the core area (Ca) from equation
(2)
ܽܥ = ܸ݀݁ – ܸ݀݅
Figure 3: Toroidal core
Where
External diameter (݀݁) = 23ܿ݉
Internal diameter (݀݅) = 9ܿ݉
Height ()ܪ = 14.4cm
Volume of external diameter ܸ݀݁ = πr1
2 x H, ܸ݀݅ = πr2
2 x H,
Where
ܴܽ݀݅ݎ( ݏݑଵ) =
݀݁
2
݀݁
2
=
23
2
= 11.5ܿ݉
ܴܽ݀݅ݎ( ݏݑଶ) =
݀݅
2
݀݅
2
=
9
2
= 4.5ܿ݉
݁ܿ݊݁ܪ
ܸ݀݁ = πr1
2 x H
ܸ݀݁ = 3.142 × 11.5ଶ
× 14.4
ܸ݀݁ = 5983.6248ܿ݉
ܸ݀݅ = πr2
2 x H
ܸ݀݅ = 3.142 × 4.5ଶ
× 14.4
ܸ݀݅ = 916.2072ܿ݉
ܽܥ = ܸ݀݁ – ܸ݀݅
ܽܥ = 5983.6248 – 916.2072
ܽܥ = 5067.4176ܿ݉
Step 4: Calculating turns per volt
Applying equation (3)
TPV = 1 / (4.44 × 10-4 × CA × Flux Density × AC frequency)
Bm is taken to be 1.5wb/m2 = 1.5 x 10-2 (wb/cm2)
TPV = 1 / 4.44 x 5067.4176 x 10^-4 x 1.5 x 10-2 x 50 =
0.593turns per volt
Step 5: Primary numbers of turns = turns per volt x
primary volt (equation 4).
ܰ = 0.593 x 230 = 136 turns (approx.)
Step 6: secondary number of turns (Ns) = turns per volt
x secondary voltage
ܰ௦ = 0.593 x 500 = 297 turns
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29153 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 507
Step 7: Weight for the winding:
Weight = volume x density (equation, 5).
Volume of conductor = area of conductor x total number of
turns
Area of conductor = ߨݎଶ
Were dp = 2.49mm diameter for a 12.5(SWG) standard size
wire gauge with reference to appendix A
r = dp/2 = 2.49/2 = 2.49mm
Area = 3.142 x 2.492 = 19.481
Volume of conductor for primary = 19.481x 136 =
2649.42mm (approx.)
Volume of conductor for primary = 2649.42 x 10-6 m3
Recall; density of copper = 8960kg/m3
Weight = 2649.42 x 10-6 x 8960
Weight of conductor for primary= 23.74gramm
Hence weight of winding = 0.024 kilo-grams (approx.).
Similarly for secondary;
Were ds = 1.73mm diameter for a 15.5(SWG) standard size
wire gauge with reference to appendix A
r = dp/2 = 1.73/2 = 0.87mm
Area = 3.142 x 0.872 = 2.378
Volume of conductor = 2.378 x 297 = 706.266mm
(approx.)
Volume of conductor = 706.266 x 10-6 m3
Recall; density of copper = 8960kg/m3
Weight = 706.266 x 10-6 x 8960
Weight of conductor = 6.33gramm
Hence weight of winding = 0.063 kilo-grams (approx.).
Total weight of winding = 0.024 + 0.0063 = 0.0303Kg
Schematic Diagram
The schematic diagram in figure 4 shows in details all the
significant components, parts and their interconnections
between one point to the other, omitting all details that
are not relevant to the information, using a standard set of
symbols, for preparing a preliminary cost estimate for the
work.
Figure 4: schematic diagram of the project
ܲଵ= primary input voltage terminals
ܰଵ= primary turn
ܰଶ = secondary turn
ܲଶ = Secondary output voltage terminal
Circuit Diagram
The diagram in figure 5 shows the circuit diagram of this
work, showing in details a comprehensive design and
arrangement of the construction of a step down or step up
auto transformer with 230V input and 500V maximum
output. It also describe with specification of the position,
values and number of turns used on the primary and
secondary winding of the transformer. Such that
whenever a maintenance action is required, one can easily
use the circuit diagram as a guide.
Figure 5: Circuit Diagram
CONSTRUCTION
The construction of a variable transformer (variac)
consist of a winding being wound on a single core
(toroidal) of soft iron from which provides the necessary
magnetic circuit. The basic construction process includes:
Identify the SWG for the winding
Transformer core construction
Transformer lamination preparation
Transformer Winding arrangement
Transformer filling and insulation (varnishing)
Transformer Dot orientation
Design Assembly
This section describes the process and stages involved in
the project construction including precaution and safety
measure.
The project assembly procedures are as follows:
Designing of variac
Construction of variac
Construction of former
Winding of the former (core)
Filing and varnishing of the winding
Soldering of all the taps to the former terminals
Construction of casing
Coupling of the former, carbon brush and other
accessories to the casing
Variac construction
The constructional parts of a variac are the conductors,
winding, formers and carbon brush.
12.5 and 15.5 gauge copper wire was used in winding the
core of the variac, where each copper is made to be well
aligned with each other ensuring they do not be on top of
each other for smooth calibration of each winding when
the carbon brush is rotating.
The core (former): the core is circular in shape, it is also
known as the toroid core. The copper wire is wound on
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29153 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 508
the core which accommodates the required number of
turns to produce the desired output voltage in respect to
the desired specification.
Construction Winding
The design is 433turns in total wound on the former; it is a
single coil variable transformer. The construction involves
the winding of the coil on the former (core), ensuring the
winding does not lap on each other especially on the
surface that makes contact with the carbon brush. After
which is properly varnish for good tightness.
Construction of casing
The casing was constructed with mild steel materials, air
vet were provided by each side of the casing cover to allow
inflow of air, with the sole aim of reducing the heat
generated when in use.
Casing Dimensions:
The height of the casing =45cm
The width of the casing =25cm
The length of the casing =30cm
Coupling of the Wounded Former and Other
Accessories in the casing
The torodal core completely and successfully wound was
mounted on the frame base on the casing with carbon
brush well centralized on the core. All the top point
soldered effectively to the core labeled terminals, digital
display was as well mounted in the front panel according
to the design specification.
Principle of Operation
Variac is a single inductive coil transformer which is
electrically and magnetically linked through a path of low
reluctance. The coil possesses inductance once it is
connected to the source of alternating voltage, the whole
coil is electrically connected and hence alternating flux is
set up in the coil as well as in the core, there by produces
self-inductance emf. According to faraday’s law of
Electromagnetic induction, if a load is connected, current
flows in it and so electric energy is transferred
magnetically and electrically in the coil. The winding ratio
can be changed contentiously to change the output voltage
from input voltage of 230volt smoothly to 500V when it
regulator slides on the winding abrasive surface with the
help of a knob main axis and brush stand. Variable
transformer (Variac) is used where steady power is
required to apply to the laboratory equipment, from the
output voltage. The range of voltage according to design of
variable autotransformer is calibrated at the top of the
casing where the knob is situated for the user to know the
level of the output applied to laboratory equipment to fit
the voltage requirement.
Maintenance Prescription Manual
This manual is to show the steps on how to use the device
and its safety precautions.
Safety precaution:
1. This work involve the use of dangerous voltage
capable of causing hazard If not properly used.
2. You must make sure all high- voltage conductors are
safely insulated from accidental contact.
3. During operations no bare wires should be seen
anywhere on the conductors.
4. The variac should be used in a clean and well
ventilation environment.
5. Units are designed to be used to a maximum
current, not VA rating, so maximum current rating
must not be exceeded at any point of operation.
6. The adjustment dial should be varied (increased or
decreased) gradually, not fast or in jerky movements,
rapid or rough dial movement may damage or break
the carbon brush, necessitating replacement.
7. This will ensure long life of the variac, and reduce
wear on the carbon control brush.
8. The unit is designed for regular movement of the
adjustment dial, if being used continuously in one
output position (no dial movement) the output
current rating must be reduced or de-rated approx.
10% as outlined in the specifications.
9. The output dial includes a scale of voltage that
provides general indication of voltage, it is not precise,
for precise measurement, use an appropriate
multimeter to measure the output voltage.
Alternatively, some models are provided with output
voltage and/or current meters for more accurate
readings.
10. Loads such as LED lights, electronic switch mode
power supplies may have a high harmonic content in
them, therefore it is recommended to use a Variac that
is double the load rating for such devices. (E.g. a 9 A
load requires an 18 Variac).
Research prescription manual
Table1: Research prescription manual
S/N Symptoms Causes Remedies
1
Shock Leakage as result of induced EMF in
the lamination.
Insulate the coil from the lamination.
2
Vibration Too much load on the transformer
and poor assembling of laminations
Reduce load from transformer and tighten
lamination properly
3
Losses Voltage induced in the iron core Construct transformer core from tin steel
lamination
4
Un usual smell
from transformer
Short circuit and burnt windings Check for bridged. burnt parts and rewind
or change transformer completely
5 No display voltage
level
Dead component or burnt component
Replace component with a new one or
replace display with new one
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29153 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 509
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Analysis
This aspect is concerned with testing of constructed work
(variac), results of the tests done and the discussion of the
outcome of the tests carried out.
At the end of the constructed work, tests were carried out
to determine the efficiency of the work. This test includes
short circuit and continuity tests.
Short Circuit Test
The Short circuit test carried out is to ensure that there is
no bridge between the wounded windings of the
constructed system to achieve this, red probe of the
multimeter was connected to a one point on the wounded
windings and the black probe to the other end of the
wounded winding.
Continuity Test
Continuity test carried out is to ensure that there is
continuity between the autotransformer windings, this
was achieved by using a file to remove the insulation on
the copper conductor after which one probe of the
multimeter was connected to a point on the winding and
the other probe was connected to another point on the
winding.
Determination of Output Voltage Value
Figure D shows the testing of the output voltage, final
coupling of the work was carried out thereafter the test
was done to verify that it was successful and to determine
if the design specification was achieved. The device was
plug to a power source of 240V and a multimeter was
connected to the output terminals of the constructed
variac to get the output voltage which eventually read
564V. This indicates that the output voltage in design
specification was achieved i.e 500V.
Result
Table 2 Shows the results of the output voltage obtained to
determine and know if the output voltages are within the
specification of 0V — 500V.
Table 2: Input and Output Voltage Test Result
S/N
Input
Voltage
Output Voltage Remark
1
2
240V
200V
564V Normal input 230
530V Output 230 ±10%
3
4
190V
180V
510V Output 230 ±10%
500V Output 230 ±10%
Table 2 gives the input and output voltages obtained from
the constructed system which ranges from 0V — 500V.
The test result shows that the system is satisfactory and
can perform it required function by producing different
level of output voltages. The device can be used in
laboratory to carryout experiment with electronic
equipment’s that requires to be fed with voltage of 2V, 3V,
6V, 50V and above as the case may be. From table 2, it
shows that the work was successful.
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
The design and construction of 3KVA variable transformer
(variac) was successfully executed to meet up to the aims
of the work which include: eliminating the challenge of
low voltage supply from the utility authority by using the
variable transformer(variac) to either increase or
decrease the voltage supplied to it. This design also aimed
at producing ranges of voltage from 0-500volts for the
purpose of powering electronic equipment’s in the
laboratories. Finally to provide desirable output voltage
which can be displayed digitally hence adding to an
improvement in technology which was a huge success in
meeting human need.
Recommendation
At the completion of the work, it is of high level of
reliability. The variable contact slide brush was adjusted
and attains the desired output level from 0-500Volt. For
the improvement of this work in nearest future, the
following are recommended:
That the design be used for domestic (homes and
offices) purpose. Where appliances are limited to a
desirable amount of voltage instead of fluctuation in
voltage.
If designed and well-constructed with electrical
components of higher rating, it could be used for
industrial purpose.
Toroidal core of higher rating should be used, in order
to have a higher output.
REFERENCES
[1] Harshit S., Keyur P., Rahi T., and Darshit P. (2018)
Analysis and Design of Toroidal Transformer
[2] Metha, V. K., Metha, R. (2012). Principle of Electrical
Machine: A textbook published by S. Chand and
Company Limited. Printed in India by Rajendra
Ravindra Printers Pvt. Ltd.
[3] Sujit K. B. (2014), Design of an auto transformer
available at the Jadavpur University Indian Institute
of Technology
[4] Swagatam, M. H. (2011) Designing Your Own
Transformer.
Electronics.www.brighthubEngineering.com
[5] WIKIBOOKS (2019) Engineering Tables/Standard
Wire Guage
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Engineering_Tables/
Standard_Wire_Gauge (30/08/19)
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29153 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 511
Notes:
1. All values are rounded to three significant figures. Values less than 1×10−6 are shown with appropriate SI
prefixes to avoid a large number of leading zeros.
2. The IACS value of 58.0 MS/m is used as the conductivity of copper.
3. These calculations do not take into account AC effects such as the skin effect - perform suitable
calculations before using in a high-frequency application. Grid mains frequencies (50–60 Hz) should not
have a noticeable effect, as the skin depth is over 8mm.
4. A density of copper of 8920 kg/m3 is used to derive the mass
5. An allowance of 750 kcmil/A is generally sufficient for calculating current capacity. The more relaxed
500 kcmil/A is an absolute maximum.
6. The values are guidelines − exact values will depend on the type of wire and operating conditions such as
ambient temperature, thermal conductivity of the surroundings.
This box: view • talk • edit
APPENDIX B
Table B: Bill of Engineering Materials and Evaluation
S/N Description Quantity Unit Price (₦) Total Price (₦)
1
2
Toroid core
Copper wire
2
2kg
25,000
5,000
50,000
10,000
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
MCB switch
Casing
Varnish
4mins dry gum
Meter (display)
Indicator lamp
Knob (input and output)
Bolt and Nut
2.5mm cable
Cord
Rod
Total
2
1
2
4
2
1
4
20
3meter
1
1
2,000
6000
600
300
1200
200
300
30
300
500
500
4,000
6000
1200
1200
2400
200
1200
600
900
00
500
76,900
APPENDIX C
Figure C1: pictures showing the core
Figure C2: picture showing the coiling process
9. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29153 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 512
Figure C3: picture showing the completed coil and varnishing stag
APPENDIX D
Figure D: picture showing the output voltage