Joint muscles their actions & common injurieskajal sansoya
This document summarizes the major muscles, actions, and common injuries of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle, and toes. For each joint, it lists the flexors, extensors, rotators, and other key muscle actions. It then outlines some common overuse and acute sports injuries that occur at each joint, such as rotator cuff tears in the shoulder, tennis elbow and golfer's elbow in the elbow, and ankle sprains in basketball and football players. The purpose is to provide an overview of the musculoskeletal system and injuries associated with different sports activities.
"Knee locking" is quite literally when your knee locks up momentarily, inhibiting your ability to move in any direction. This can also be described as "catching" where it feels as if your knee gets caught during extension or flexion, the knee
"giving out," or as a popping sensation with knee movement. Unfortunately, there is no "key" or secret trick to unlock your knee joint, though various treatments exist to help with knee locking symptoms.
This document discusses cubitus varus and cubitus valgus deformities of the elbow. Cubitus varus is when the forearm is directed towards the midline, while cubitus valgus is when it is directed away from the midline. Cubitus varus is most commonly caused by malunion of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus. Treatment options include corrective osteotomies such as lateral closing wedge or medial open wedge osteotomies. Cubitus valgus is most often due to non-union of a lateral condylar fracture of the humerus and can cause tardy ulnar nerve palsy if not corrected surgically using procedures like osteotom
Three cases of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries that occurred during indoor ball games are described. Case 1 involved an external rotation of the femur under varus load of the knee. Case 2 involved an internal rotation of the femur under valgus load of the knee. Case 3 also involved an internal rotation of the femur under valgus load. The observations suggest that ACL injuries in indoor ball games may be triggered by either external rotation of the femur under varus knee load or internal rotation of the femur under valgus knee load. Players could benefit from training to avoid allowing their knees to sag into varus or valgus positions during maneuvers like side-stepping or sudden changes
Kin 188 Hip And Thigh Evaluation And InjuriesJLS10
This document provides an overview of hip and thigh anatomy, evaluation, and common injuries. It describes the bony anatomy of the hip including the acetabulum, femur head, and surrounding ligaments. Evaluation involves taking a thorough history, inspecting for deformities, palpating muscles and bones, and performing range of motion and special tests. Common injuries discussed include muscle strains from overuse, stress fractures, hip dislocations, and bursitis.
Dres. Héctor Domínguez Hernández y Victor Hugo Cruz
Residentes de Imagenología
Dan Inicio al módulo de musculoesquelético.
Anatomía básica de tobillo por ultrasonido.
Ankle sprains are common injuries that can range from mild to severe depending on the ligament damage. The most common type is a lateral ankle sprain caused by foot inversion. Treatment involves RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) followed by rehabilitation exercises and bracing. For severe or recurrent sprains, surgery may be considered to repair ruptured ligaments and reduce instability. Proper rehabilitation is important to aid recovery and prevent chronic issues.
This document discusses genu valgum (knock knees), including symptoms, factors to evaluate, investigations needed, and the procedure for temporary hemiepiphysiodesis of the growth plate to correct the deformity. It notes that knock knees can cause knee pain, difficulty running, patellar instability, and falls. History of trauma is important to identify post-traumatic tibia valga. Measurements like Q angle and intermalleolar distance can quantify the deformity. X-rays can show the mechanical axis and lab tests may be needed. The procedure involves making a small incision, inserting guide pins into the physis, predrilling, and inserting cannulated screws to tether the growth plate during
Joint muscles their actions & common injurieskajal sansoya
This document summarizes the major muscles, actions, and common injuries of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle, and toes. For each joint, it lists the flexors, extensors, rotators, and other key muscle actions. It then outlines some common overuse and acute sports injuries that occur at each joint, such as rotator cuff tears in the shoulder, tennis elbow and golfer's elbow in the elbow, and ankle sprains in basketball and football players. The purpose is to provide an overview of the musculoskeletal system and injuries associated with different sports activities.
"Knee locking" is quite literally when your knee locks up momentarily, inhibiting your ability to move in any direction. This can also be described as "catching" where it feels as if your knee gets caught during extension or flexion, the knee
"giving out," or as a popping sensation with knee movement. Unfortunately, there is no "key" or secret trick to unlock your knee joint, though various treatments exist to help with knee locking symptoms.
This document discusses cubitus varus and cubitus valgus deformities of the elbow. Cubitus varus is when the forearm is directed towards the midline, while cubitus valgus is when it is directed away from the midline. Cubitus varus is most commonly caused by malunion of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus. Treatment options include corrective osteotomies such as lateral closing wedge or medial open wedge osteotomies. Cubitus valgus is most often due to non-union of a lateral condylar fracture of the humerus and can cause tardy ulnar nerve palsy if not corrected surgically using procedures like osteotom
Three cases of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries that occurred during indoor ball games are described. Case 1 involved an external rotation of the femur under varus load of the knee. Case 2 involved an internal rotation of the femur under valgus load of the knee. Case 3 also involved an internal rotation of the femur under valgus load. The observations suggest that ACL injuries in indoor ball games may be triggered by either external rotation of the femur under varus knee load or internal rotation of the femur under valgus knee load. Players could benefit from training to avoid allowing their knees to sag into varus or valgus positions during maneuvers like side-stepping or sudden changes
Kin 188 Hip And Thigh Evaluation And InjuriesJLS10
This document provides an overview of hip and thigh anatomy, evaluation, and common injuries. It describes the bony anatomy of the hip including the acetabulum, femur head, and surrounding ligaments. Evaluation involves taking a thorough history, inspecting for deformities, palpating muscles and bones, and performing range of motion and special tests. Common injuries discussed include muscle strains from overuse, stress fractures, hip dislocations, and bursitis.
Dres. Héctor Domínguez Hernández y Victor Hugo Cruz
Residentes de Imagenología
Dan Inicio al módulo de musculoesquelético.
Anatomía básica de tobillo por ultrasonido.
Ankle sprains are common injuries that can range from mild to severe depending on the ligament damage. The most common type is a lateral ankle sprain caused by foot inversion. Treatment involves RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) followed by rehabilitation exercises and bracing. For severe or recurrent sprains, surgery may be considered to repair ruptured ligaments and reduce instability. Proper rehabilitation is important to aid recovery and prevent chronic issues.
This document discusses genu valgum (knock knees), including symptoms, factors to evaluate, investigations needed, and the procedure for temporary hemiepiphysiodesis of the growth plate to correct the deformity. It notes that knock knees can cause knee pain, difficulty running, patellar instability, and falls. History of trauma is important to identify post-traumatic tibia valga. Measurements like Q angle and intermalleolar distance can quantify the deformity. X-rays can show the mechanical axis and lab tests may be needed. The procedure involves making a small incision, inserting guide pins into the physis, predrilling, and inserting cannulated screws to tether the growth plate during
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex - A Sprain in the WristJeffBudoff
The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a structure in the wrist that provides strength and stability. It is located between the ulna bone and two carpal bones. Injuries to the TFCC, such as from falls or sports, are a common cause of wrist pain and can result in long-term disability if not addressed. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, and limited motion. Another condition is Kienbock's disease, where reduced blood flow to the lunate bone causes it to die off over time, leading to wrist arthritis. Both conditions typically cause wrist pain and loss of function.
Hammer toes is a condition where the toe is bent at the middle joint, causing it to resemble a hammer. There are two types - flexible and rigid. Risk factors include genetics and wearing tight shoes. Symptoms are pain at the bent joint from corns. Causes include tight shoes putting pressure on the toe tendon. Treatment depends on whether the toe is flexible or rigid - orthotics for flexible toes and surgery for rigid toes.
The document discusses knee anatomy, including bony structures like the femur and tibia, ligaments like the ACL and PCL, and muscles like the quadriceps and hamstrings. It outlines the evaluation process for knee injuries, including taking a history of the mechanism of injury, inspecting for deformities or swelling, and performing range of motion and special tests. Common knee injuries are then reviewed such as ACL tears from rotational forces, PCL injuries from falls on a flexed knee, MCL sprains from valgus stress, and meniscal tears that can cause clicking or locking.
This patient, Aaaliya, presented with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital (AMC), a nonprogressive congenital disorder causing multiple rigid joints and limited motion. She had inversion of both feet, limited knee flexion, and deformities of both lower limbs. AMC is diagnosed based on clinical features and imaging. While the cause is often idiopathic, it can be due to antibodies against fetal muscle receptors. Treatment involves rehabilitation, serial casting/splinting, orthotics, and surgery to correct musculoskeletal deformities, with the goals of independent ambulation and functional upper limb use. The patient underwent multiple surgeries and procedures over several years to address her clubfoot, knee dislocations,
This document discusses genu recurvatum, which is a deformity where the knee bends backwards. It defines genu recurvatum and describes the types as external rotary deformity, internal rotary deformity, or non-rotary deformity. The causes of genu recurvatum include bone growth disorders, ligament instability, leg length discrepancy, and some medical conditions. Symptoms include pain in the back of the knee and hyperextension in mid-stance. Treatment options are ankle foot orthoses, knee orthoses, or knee ankle foot orthoses depending on the cause and location of the problem.
This document discusses genu valgum, or knock knees. It defines the deformity as an outward deviation of the longitudinal axis of the tibia. Genu valgum results in the medial angulation of the knee and external rotation of the femur and tibia. It can be caused by physiological, pathological, traumatic or metabolic factors that create asymmetric growth of the epiphyseal plate. Treatment involves conservative measures like bracing or surgical options like osteotomies if the deformity is severe.
Hallux valgus - Practical approach and recent advances Dr Shivam R Shah
More than 140 types of different osteotomies are described for hallux valgus treatment . Here i have tried to present scarf osteotomy with recent advances in the corrective osteotomies for hallux valgus
Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, is a complex deformity of the foot characterized by four components - talus in plantar flexion (equinus), subtalar joint in medial rotation and inversion, and forefoot adduction. It has multifactorial etiology with both genetic and environmental factors playing a role. Treatment involves serial casting of the foot based on Ponseti's method to gradually correct the deformity, which may be augmented with a small percutaneous tenotomy of the Achilles tendon if needed. Proper bracing is then used to maintain the correction achieved. Imaging such as X-rays and MRI can help evaluate the severity of deformity and
09 Articulations Selected Articulations In Depthguest334add
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a hinge and gliding joint located in the skull that allows for depression, elevation, protraction, and retraction movements. It is formed by the mandibular condyle articulating with the temporal bone and is supported by ligaments and an articular disc that separates the bones. TMJ disorders can cause widespread pain in the head due to irritation of the trigeminal nerve, which innervates the face and head.
Spinal fracture also called a vertebral fracture or a broken back is a fracture affecting the vertebrae of the spinal column. Spinal fractures are different than a broken arm or leg. A fracture or dislocation of a vertebra can cause bone fragments to pinch and damage the spinal nerves or spinal cord.
This document discusses cubitus varus, which is a deformity where the forearm is deviated inward at the elbow joint, reducing the normal valgus angle. It describes the causes, types, clinical examination findings, measurements on x-rays, and treatment options. The most common treatment involves corrective osteotomy, with various techniques described such as lateral closing wedge osteotomy, medial open wedge osteotomy, oblique osteotomy, and dome osteotomy. Complications of osteotomy include stiffness, nerve injury, persistent or recurrent deformity, non-union, and skin issues.
Hammer toe is caused by tight shoes that force the toe into a flexed position, shortening the muscles and tendons. It most commonly affects the second toe, causing it to rotate downward into a claw-like position. Mild cases in children can be treated with foot manipulation and splinting, while wearing properly fitting shoes can help prevent worsening. For more severe cases, podiatrists may recommend straightening devices, exercises, or surgery to straighten the joint.
The document discusses various types of ankle injuries and treatments. It focuses on ankle arthritis, cartilage defects, and ligament injuries. For cartilage defects, it recommends treating the worst lesion with cartilage grafting from the tibia. Rehabilitation for cartilage grafting involves initial non-weight bearing, continuous passive motion therapy, and a early emphasis on regaining full range of motion. Rehabilitation for ankle injuries generally should provide protection, improve joint mechanics and gait, enhance proprioception, and restore patient function.
The document provides information on spinal cord and cervical spine anatomy, mechanisms of spinal cord injury, clinical assessment of spinal cord injury patients, imaging for spinal cord injuries, classification of spinal cord injuries, and management principles for spinal cord injuries. Key points covered include the incidence of spinal cord injuries, common mechanisms and levels of injury, assessment of motor and sensory function, classification systems for incomplete versus complete injuries, and guidelines for cervical spine clearance in trauma patients.
Femoro-acetabular impingement syndrome is a condition where the femoral head and acetabulum rub abnormally in the hip joint, causing damage. It is commonly caused by activities involving repetitive hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Diagnosis involves physical exam maneuvers to reproduce pain and imaging to identify bony abnormalities and cartilage/labral damage. Common findings on x-ray include an alpha angle >70 degrees, coxa profunda, and crossover sign indicating retroversion. MRI can confirm labral tears or cartilage damage.
This document discusses the clinical examination of the hip joint, including inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, special tests, and gait analysis. Key examination findings are described for various hip pathologies like developmental dysplasia of the hip, arthritis, fractures, and dislocations. Landmark bony anatomy, compensations, and fallacies of certain examination maneuvers are also outlined.
Hallux valgus, or a deviated great toe, is a common foot deformity. It involves the lateral deviation of the great toe with valgus of the first metatarsal. It can cause pain and make shoe wearing difficult. While small deformities may be treated with proper shoes, surgery is often needed for more severe cases to realign bones and tissues. The document discusses the anatomy, causes, classifications, symptoms, investigations and various surgical procedures used to treat hallux valgus.
INJECTION PALSY PRESENTING WITH FOOT DROPPeace Samuel
This document presents a case report of a 2-year-old boy diagnosed with foot drop of the right lower limb resulting from an intramuscular injection. It provides details of the patient's history, examination findings, assessment of foot drop, and physiotherapy treatment plan. The treatment included electrical stimulation, ankle-foot orthosis, stretching exercises, and soft tissue mobilization over 4 weeks, which improved pain and gait. The goals are to restore full function and normal gait within 6 months.
Hallux valgus, also known as a bunion, is a progressive foot deformity where the first metatarsophalangeal joint is affected, causing the big toe to deviate laterally away from the second toe. This is often accompanied by pain and functional impairment. Non-surgical treatments include footwear modifications and orthotics to reduce pressure and pain. Surgical options vary based on severity, from osteotomies like the Chevron procedure for mild cases to joint fusions for severe deformities. Post-operative management focuses on gradually restoring range of motion and strengthening through physical therapy exercises.
This document discusses various ligamentous and tendinous injuries around the ankle. It begins by describing the anatomy of the medial and lateral ankle ligaments, as well as the syndesmosis ligaments. It then discusses the evaluation and treatment of common ankle injuries like ankle sprains, syndesmotic injuries, Achilles tendon ruptures, and peroneal tendon dislocations. For many of these injuries, the summary includes the typical mechanisms of injury, physical exam findings, imaging studies, and both non-operative and surgical treatment options and their supporting evidence.
The document contains a series of questions and answers about the anatomy of the ankle joint. It addresses the ligaments around the ankle, including the deltoid ligament and medial and lateral collateral ligament complexes. It also discusses the bones, movements, and relationships of structures around the ankle joint.
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex - A Sprain in the WristJeffBudoff
The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a structure in the wrist that provides strength and stability. It is located between the ulna bone and two carpal bones. Injuries to the TFCC, such as from falls or sports, are a common cause of wrist pain and can result in long-term disability if not addressed. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, and limited motion. Another condition is Kienbock's disease, where reduced blood flow to the lunate bone causes it to die off over time, leading to wrist arthritis. Both conditions typically cause wrist pain and loss of function.
Hammer toes is a condition where the toe is bent at the middle joint, causing it to resemble a hammer. There are two types - flexible and rigid. Risk factors include genetics and wearing tight shoes. Symptoms are pain at the bent joint from corns. Causes include tight shoes putting pressure on the toe tendon. Treatment depends on whether the toe is flexible or rigid - orthotics for flexible toes and surgery for rigid toes.
The document discusses knee anatomy, including bony structures like the femur and tibia, ligaments like the ACL and PCL, and muscles like the quadriceps and hamstrings. It outlines the evaluation process for knee injuries, including taking a history of the mechanism of injury, inspecting for deformities or swelling, and performing range of motion and special tests. Common knee injuries are then reviewed such as ACL tears from rotational forces, PCL injuries from falls on a flexed knee, MCL sprains from valgus stress, and meniscal tears that can cause clicking or locking.
This patient, Aaaliya, presented with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital (AMC), a nonprogressive congenital disorder causing multiple rigid joints and limited motion. She had inversion of both feet, limited knee flexion, and deformities of both lower limbs. AMC is diagnosed based on clinical features and imaging. While the cause is often idiopathic, it can be due to antibodies against fetal muscle receptors. Treatment involves rehabilitation, serial casting/splinting, orthotics, and surgery to correct musculoskeletal deformities, with the goals of independent ambulation and functional upper limb use. The patient underwent multiple surgeries and procedures over several years to address her clubfoot, knee dislocations,
This document discusses genu recurvatum, which is a deformity where the knee bends backwards. It defines genu recurvatum and describes the types as external rotary deformity, internal rotary deformity, or non-rotary deformity. The causes of genu recurvatum include bone growth disorders, ligament instability, leg length discrepancy, and some medical conditions. Symptoms include pain in the back of the knee and hyperextension in mid-stance. Treatment options are ankle foot orthoses, knee orthoses, or knee ankle foot orthoses depending on the cause and location of the problem.
This document discusses genu valgum, or knock knees. It defines the deformity as an outward deviation of the longitudinal axis of the tibia. Genu valgum results in the medial angulation of the knee and external rotation of the femur and tibia. It can be caused by physiological, pathological, traumatic or metabolic factors that create asymmetric growth of the epiphyseal plate. Treatment involves conservative measures like bracing or surgical options like osteotomies if the deformity is severe.
Hallux valgus - Practical approach and recent advances Dr Shivam R Shah
More than 140 types of different osteotomies are described for hallux valgus treatment . Here i have tried to present scarf osteotomy with recent advances in the corrective osteotomies for hallux valgus
Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, is a complex deformity of the foot characterized by four components - talus in plantar flexion (equinus), subtalar joint in medial rotation and inversion, and forefoot adduction. It has multifactorial etiology with both genetic and environmental factors playing a role. Treatment involves serial casting of the foot based on Ponseti's method to gradually correct the deformity, which may be augmented with a small percutaneous tenotomy of the Achilles tendon if needed. Proper bracing is then used to maintain the correction achieved. Imaging such as X-rays and MRI can help evaluate the severity of deformity and
09 Articulations Selected Articulations In Depthguest334add
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a hinge and gliding joint located in the skull that allows for depression, elevation, protraction, and retraction movements. It is formed by the mandibular condyle articulating with the temporal bone and is supported by ligaments and an articular disc that separates the bones. TMJ disorders can cause widespread pain in the head due to irritation of the trigeminal nerve, which innervates the face and head.
Spinal fracture also called a vertebral fracture or a broken back is a fracture affecting the vertebrae of the spinal column. Spinal fractures are different than a broken arm or leg. A fracture or dislocation of a vertebra can cause bone fragments to pinch and damage the spinal nerves or spinal cord.
This document discusses cubitus varus, which is a deformity where the forearm is deviated inward at the elbow joint, reducing the normal valgus angle. It describes the causes, types, clinical examination findings, measurements on x-rays, and treatment options. The most common treatment involves corrective osteotomy, with various techniques described such as lateral closing wedge osteotomy, medial open wedge osteotomy, oblique osteotomy, and dome osteotomy. Complications of osteotomy include stiffness, nerve injury, persistent or recurrent deformity, non-union, and skin issues.
Hammer toe is caused by tight shoes that force the toe into a flexed position, shortening the muscles and tendons. It most commonly affects the second toe, causing it to rotate downward into a claw-like position. Mild cases in children can be treated with foot manipulation and splinting, while wearing properly fitting shoes can help prevent worsening. For more severe cases, podiatrists may recommend straightening devices, exercises, or surgery to straighten the joint.
The document discusses various types of ankle injuries and treatments. It focuses on ankle arthritis, cartilage defects, and ligament injuries. For cartilage defects, it recommends treating the worst lesion with cartilage grafting from the tibia. Rehabilitation for cartilage grafting involves initial non-weight bearing, continuous passive motion therapy, and a early emphasis on regaining full range of motion. Rehabilitation for ankle injuries generally should provide protection, improve joint mechanics and gait, enhance proprioception, and restore patient function.
The document provides information on spinal cord and cervical spine anatomy, mechanisms of spinal cord injury, clinical assessment of spinal cord injury patients, imaging for spinal cord injuries, classification of spinal cord injuries, and management principles for spinal cord injuries. Key points covered include the incidence of spinal cord injuries, common mechanisms and levels of injury, assessment of motor and sensory function, classification systems for incomplete versus complete injuries, and guidelines for cervical spine clearance in trauma patients.
Femoro-acetabular impingement syndrome is a condition where the femoral head and acetabulum rub abnormally in the hip joint, causing damage. It is commonly caused by activities involving repetitive hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Diagnosis involves physical exam maneuvers to reproduce pain and imaging to identify bony abnormalities and cartilage/labral damage. Common findings on x-ray include an alpha angle >70 degrees, coxa profunda, and crossover sign indicating retroversion. MRI can confirm labral tears or cartilage damage.
This document discusses the clinical examination of the hip joint, including inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, special tests, and gait analysis. Key examination findings are described for various hip pathologies like developmental dysplasia of the hip, arthritis, fractures, and dislocations. Landmark bony anatomy, compensations, and fallacies of certain examination maneuvers are also outlined.
Hallux valgus, or a deviated great toe, is a common foot deformity. It involves the lateral deviation of the great toe with valgus of the first metatarsal. It can cause pain and make shoe wearing difficult. While small deformities may be treated with proper shoes, surgery is often needed for more severe cases to realign bones and tissues. The document discusses the anatomy, causes, classifications, symptoms, investigations and various surgical procedures used to treat hallux valgus.
INJECTION PALSY PRESENTING WITH FOOT DROPPeace Samuel
This document presents a case report of a 2-year-old boy diagnosed with foot drop of the right lower limb resulting from an intramuscular injection. It provides details of the patient's history, examination findings, assessment of foot drop, and physiotherapy treatment plan. The treatment included electrical stimulation, ankle-foot orthosis, stretching exercises, and soft tissue mobilization over 4 weeks, which improved pain and gait. The goals are to restore full function and normal gait within 6 months.
Hallux valgus, also known as a bunion, is a progressive foot deformity where the first metatarsophalangeal joint is affected, causing the big toe to deviate laterally away from the second toe. This is often accompanied by pain and functional impairment. Non-surgical treatments include footwear modifications and orthotics to reduce pressure and pain. Surgical options vary based on severity, from osteotomies like the Chevron procedure for mild cases to joint fusions for severe deformities. Post-operative management focuses on gradually restoring range of motion and strengthening through physical therapy exercises.
This document discusses various ligamentous and tendinous injuries around the ankle. It begins by describing the anatomy of the medial and lateral ankle ligaments, as well as the syndesmosis ligaments. It then discusses the evaluation and treatment of common ankle injuries like ankle sprains, syndesmotic injuries, Achilles tendon ruptures, and peroneal tendon dislocations. For many of these injuries, the summary includes the typical mechanisms of injury, physical exam findings, imaging studies, and both non-operative and surgical treatment options and their supporting evidence.
The document contains a series of questions and answers about the anatomy of the ankle joint. It addresses the ligaments around the ankle, including the deltoid ligament and medial and lateral collateral ligament complexes. It also discusses the bones, movements, and relationships of structures around the ankle joint.
The ankle joint, also known as the talocrural joint, is formed by the articulation of the distal tibia, distal fibula, and talus. It allows hinge-like movement of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The ankle joint is stabilized medially by the medial collateral ligament and laterally by the lateral collateral ligament, each of which have multiple parts attaching to the talus, calcaneus, and navicular. The tibia and fibula are also held together at the ankle by the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments.
This document discusses various sports injuries of the foot and ankle. It covers topics such as:
- Risk factors and etiologies of common athletic injuries like ankle sprains, stress fractures, and compartment syndrome.
- Evaluation and treatment options for specific conditions such as medial ankle sprains, sinus tarsi syndrome, and os trigonum impingement.
- Forefoot injuries in athletes including "turf toe" sprains of the first MTP joint and metatarsal stress fractures.
1. Biomechanics of ankle joint subtalar joint and footSaurab Sharma
Biomechanics of Ankle joint- intended to share the powerpoint with first year undergraduate students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal.
The document summarizes the biomechanics of the ankle joint complex. It describes the anatomy and function of the talocrural joint (ankle joint), subtalar joint, and transverse tarsal joint. The ankle-foot complex consists of 28 bones and 25 joints that allow the foot to meet stability and mobility demands through dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, pronation, and supination movements. Key bones include the talus, tibia, and fibula. Ligaments such as the deltoid and tibiofibular ligaments provide stability to the ankle mortise.
The document discusses lower limb fractures and dislocations, including the femur neck, intertrochanteric region, hip joint, femoral shaft, distal femur, knee joint, patella, tibial plateau, tibial shaft, malleoli, talus, and calcaneum. For each injury, the document outlines mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, classification systems, radiological findings, complications, and treatment options. Conservative treatments include casting or traction, while operative options involve fixation devices like plates, screws, nails, or reconstruction as needed to stabilize fractures and restore joint alignment.
09 Articulations Selected Articulations In DepthKevin Young
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a hinge and gliding joint located in the skull that allows for depression, elevation, protraction, and retraction movements. It is formed by the mandibular condyle articulating with the temporal bone and is supported by ligaments and an articular disc that separates the bones. TMJ disorders can cause widespread pain in the head due to irritation of the trigeminal nerve, which innervates the face and scalp.
Anatomy of the ankle ligaments a pictorial essayKhuyich
1) The document describes the anatomy of the three main groups of ligaments around the ankle - the lateral ligaments, the deltoid ligament, and the syndesmotic ligaments.
2) It focuses on the lateral collateral ligament complex, which consists of the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular ligaments. The anterior talofibular ligament is the most commonly injured ligament during ankle sprains.
3) Detailed descriptions are provided for each of the lateral ligaments, including their origins, insertions, functions, and variations. The relationships between the lateral ligaments are also depicted in the accompanying diagrams.
The seminar discussed ankle injuries, focusing on anatomy, classification systems, and common injuries. The ankle is supported by strong ligaments and tendons and permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. Common injuries include ligament sprains and fractures of the medial and lateral malleoli. Injury patterns are classified using systems like Lauge-Hansen which consider the mechanism of force and resulting bone and soft tissue injuries. Proper treatment aims to restore normal ankle alignment and joint surfaces.
The document provides an overview of anatomy related to the lower extremities, including the pelvis, hips, femur, knee, lower leg, ankle and foot. Key points covered include common injuries such as hip dislocations, femur fractures, iliotibial band friction syndrome, hamstring injuries and knee ligament sprains. Examinations signs and treatments for various conditions are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of ankle injuries, including:
1. The anatomy of the ankle joint and surrounding ligaments that provide stability.
2. Common types of ankle injuries like sprains and fractures, which are often caused by inversion or eversion forces on the ankle.
3. Guidelines for evaluating and diagnosing ankle injuries through history, physical exam, and imaging like x-rays. Classification systems for fractures like Lauge-Hansen and Weber are discussed.
3. Approaches for treating different types of ankle injuries non-operatively or operatively depending on factors like the injury pattern and degree of displacement. Surgical techniques like plate fixation are outlined.
The document discusses fractures of the talus bone. It provides a brief history of studies on talus injuries from 1919 to 1970. It then describes the anatomy of the talus bone and its limited blood supply. Different classification systems for talus fractures are mentioned. Treatment depends on fracture type but generally involves closed or open reduction and internal fixation to restore alignment and blood flow. Complications like osteonecrosis can occur depending on displacement and are challenging to treat.
This document summarizes key bones and joints of the upper and lower limbs. It describes the shoulder joint, common injuries like shoulder dislocation, and conditions such as painful arc syndrome. For the lower limb, it outlines bones of the hip, knee, leg and foot and common injuries including fractures, dislocations, genu varum and valgum, and patella dislocations. It also discusses ankle injuries, fractures of the calcaneus, talus and metatarsals, and conditions such as hallux valgus.
The upper limb consists of various joints that enable movement and provide flexibility. These joints can be classified into different types based on their structure and function.
Understanding the anatomy and function of these joints is crucial for assessing and managing conditions related to the upper limb, as well as for rehabilitation and therapeutic interventions. Joint injuries, arthritis, and other disorders may affect the functionality of these joints, and appropriate medical care may be necessary for optimal outcomes.
The talus bone is a critical link between the foot and leg. It has a high risk of osteonecrosis following fractures due to its unique vascular anatomy. Talus fractures are classified based on the location of the break - including fractures of the head, neck, body, lateral process, or posterior process. Treatment depends on the fracture type and degree of displacement but may include closed reduction, open reduction with internal fixation, or fusions. Hawkins classification is used for talar neck fractures to guide treatment and prognosis.
This document provides an overview of various conditions involving the foot and ankle that can be evaluated on radiology imaging. It discusses accessory ossicles that can occur in the foot and be a cause of pain. It also reviews conditions like rocker bottom foot, tarsal coalition, fractures around the ankle joint involving the lateral malleolus, tibial plafond, talus and calcaneus. Other topics covered include osteochondral defects of the talus, accessory ossicles of the foot, and angles used to evaluate calcaneal fractures.
It is the most commonly fractured bone in the body.
The fracture occurs due to falling on the shoulder or the outstretched hand.
It is most commonly fractured at the junction of the middle and outer thirds (weakest point).
The lateral fragment :
Depressed by the weight of the arm
Pulled medially and forwards by the adductors of arm (especially pectoralis major).
The medial fragment :
Pulled upward by the sternomastoid.
Involvement of supraclavicular nerves can be the cause of persistent pain over the side of the neck.
The document provides an overview of common orthopedic injuries and fractures, including:
1. The 5 main types of fractures are comminuted, stress, compression, pathologic, and open fractures.
2. Common injuries include shoulder dislocations, hip fractures, knee ligament tears, and wrist issues like carpal tunnel syndrome.
3. Treatment depends on the severity of the injury, with closed reduction for mild fractures and open reduction plus internal fixation for displaced or severe fractures.
The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body, formed by the fusion of the femur, tibia, and patella bones. It contains several ligaments like the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments that provide stability, as well as menisci that act as shock absorbers. Injuries to the ligaments and menisci are common and can be diagnosed using clinical tests, with treatments including physical therapy, surgery such as arthroscopy, or in severe cases, knee replacement surgery.
The document discusses the thigh adductors and knee joint. It names five thigh adductors - pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis - and provides details on their origins, insertions, locations and actions. It then reviews the bones and bony landmarks of the knee joint, its movements, supporting ligaments including the ACL and PCL, and surrounding musculature.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and common injuries related to the wrist, hand, elbow, and shoulder. It begins with the bones and joints of the wrist and hand, including the carpal bones. It then discusses specific bones like the scaphoid and lunate, as well as common hand injuries. The document moves on to discuss the elbow, including ligaments, muscles, and common injuries such as epicondylitis. Finally, it covers the shoulder anatomy, including muscles like the rotator cuff, and common shoulder injuries such as strains, impingement, and fractures. Throughout, it emphasizes prevention of injuries through proper training, equipment fitting, and rehabilitation.
This document discusses ankle instability and chronic ankle sprains. It begins by describing the anatomy of the ankle joint and its ligaments. It then explains that ankle sprains are common injuries, often caused by an inversion mechanism. Chronic ankle instability can develop after repeated sprains and is characterized by recurrent sprains, pain, and a feeling of the ankle giving way. Treatment of ankle sprains focuses on RICE initially, followed by bracing and physical therapy to improve strength, range of motion and proprioception. Surgery is rarely needed except for severe, unresolving cases.
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the menisci in the knee joint. It provides details on the history of meniscal repair surgery and classifications of meniscal tears. The menisci are C-shaped structures that deepen the tibial surfaces and absorb shock in the knee. They are composed primarily of collagen and decrease contact stress between the tibia and femur. Common injuries include longitudinal tears, especially in the posterior horn, which can occur during twisting motions of the knee.
This document provides an overview of MRI techniques for imaging the elbow joint and describes various normal and pathological findings. Key points include:
1. MRI is useful for evaluating bone marrow edema, ligament and tendon injuries, cartilage defects, bursitis, and nerve entrapment around the elbow joint.
2. Common elbow injuries discussed include ulnar collateral ligament tears, lateral epicondylitis, osteochondritis dissecans, and triceps tendon avulsions.
3. Elbow arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and loose bodies can also be identified on MRI.
Similar to Ankle presentationhttp://www.footcarewindsorlasalle.com/orthoticswindsor.html (20)
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
2. Introduction
□ Ankle joint:
□ hinge-type synovial joint
□ distal ends of tibia and fibula
□ superior part of talus
□ malleolar mortise
□ Stable during dorsiflexion
□ Unstable during plantar flexion
3. Top 3 Ankle Injuries
#3: Actually, it’s only a scratch…
http://www.footcarewindsorlasalle.com/orth
4. Medial Ligaments of Ankle
Deltoid ligament:
□ Two deep bands:
□ anterior tibiotalar ligament
□ tibionavicular ligament
□ Two superficial bands:
□ tibiocalcaneal ligament
□ posterior tibiotalar ligament
5. Deep Deltoid Ligaments
□ Anterior tibiotalar ligament
□ from medial malleolus to anteromedial side
of talus
(McAlindon, n.d.)
6. Deep Deltoid Ligaments
□ Tibionavicular ligament
□ from medial malleolus to navicular tuberosity
(McAlindon, n.d.)
7. Superficial Deltoid Ligaments
□ Tibiocalcaneal ligament
□ from medial malleolus to sustentaculum tali
of calcaneus
(McAlindon, n.d.)
8. Superficial Deltoid Ligaments
□ Posterior tibiotalar ligament
□ from medial malleolus to postermedial side of
talus
(McAlindon, n.d.)
9. Medial Ligaments of Ankle
□ Limits eversion of the foot at the
subtalar joint
□ Limits dorsiflexion at the subtalar joint
□ Limits plantar flexion at the subtalar
joint (anterior tibiotalar ligament)
10. Top 3 Ankle Injuries
#2
http://www.footcarewindsorlasalle.com/orth
11. Lateral Ligaments of Ankle
□ Ankle joint is reinforced laterally by
three ligaments:
□ anterior talofibular
□ posterior talofibular
□ calcaneofibular
(Shannon, 2004)
12. Anterior Talofibular Ligament
□ Lateral malleolus to the neck of the talus
□ Flat and weak band
□ Most commonly injured during ankle sprains
(Ellis & Henderson, 1994)
13. Posterior Talofibular Ligament
□ Malleolar fossa of fibula to the lateral
tubercle of the talus
□ Thick and strong band
(D. Tyczynski, APCH 111 lecture, November 6, 2008)
14. Calcaneofibular Ligament
□ Tip of lateral malleolus to lateral
surface of calcaneus
□ Round cord
□ Often torn
(eOrthopod, n.d.)
15. Lateral Ligaments of Ankle
□ Dorsiflexion:
□ limited by anterior talofibular ligament
□ Plantarflexion:
□ limited by calcaneofibular ligament and
posterior talofibular ligament
16. Conclusions
Body parts most often injured in sport:
□ ankles 12%
□ fingers 10%
□ face 9%
□ Highest in basketball, ice skating &
soccer
17. Conclusions
Most frequent injuries diagnosed:
□ sprains/strains 29%
□ fractures 21%
□ abrasions 20%
Ankle sprains:
□ When motion of talus exceeds the limits of
the joint-supporting ligaments
□ Results in a stretch, tear or complete rupture
of one or more of these ligaments
□ Inversion, eversion, syndesmotic
18. References
Berkowitz, M.J. & Bottoni, C.R. (2006). Taping and bracing contest ankle sprain. Biomechanics, 13(7),
18-24.
D. Tyczynski, APCH 111 lecture, November 6, 2008.
eOrthopod. (n.d.). Ankle anatomy. Retrieved November 28, 2008, from
http://www.eorthopod.com/images/ContentImages/ankle/ankle_sprain/ankle_sprain_anat02.jp
g
Ellis, J. & Henderson, J. (1994). Running injury-free. Emmanus: Rodale Press.
Ivins, D. (2006). Acute ankle sprain: an update. American Family Physician, 10,1714-1720.
McAlindon, R. (n.d.). Basketball and the foot and ankle. Retrieved November 28, 2008, from
http://www.hughston.com/hha/a_16_4_3.htm
Micheli, L.J. & Jenkins, M. (2001). The sports medicine bible for young athletes. Naperville:
Sourcebooks, Inc.
Moore, K.L., & Agur, A.M. (2007). Essential clinical anatomy. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Shannon, J.B. (2004). Sports injuries information for teens. Detroit: Omnigraphics, Inc.
19. Top 3 Ankle Injuries
And the #1 ankle injury is…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCdjTkM