Aniseed is a flowering plant native to the Mediterranean region. Its flavor resembles other spices like star anise, fennel, and liquorice. It is widely used to flavor food and drinks, especially in Mediterranean cuisine. Anise seed and oil contain compounds like anethole that have various medicinal properties, including as an expectorant, sedative, insect repellent, and to relieve digestive issues. Its historical uses date back to biblical times and it has been cultivated for over 2,000 years.
Sesame oil is obtained by expression from seeds of the sesamum indicum plant. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions like India, Caribbean islands, China, Japan, Africa, and the United States. The oil is pale yellow with a slight odor and bland taste. It contains mainly oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Sesame oil has emollient properties and is used in liniments, plasters, ointments, soaps, and as a vehicle for intramuscular injections. It can be adulterated with oils like camellia, corn, cotton, and peanut oils.
Sesame oil is extracted from the seeds of the sesame plant through processes like expeller pressing or solvent extraction. It has a high smoke point and shelf stability, making it suitable for cooking. Sesame oil also has several medicinal and skin benefits due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, such as treating skin infections, reducing cholesterol, and protecting the skin. It is a popular cooking oil in Asia and used in massages and hair and skin treatments in some cultures.
- Bioflavonoids have a 15 carbon skeleton structure consisting of two phenyl rings (A&B) and a heterocyclic ring (C). They are found in citrus fruits like lemon peel and bitter orange peel.
- Lemon peel comes from the outer part of lemon fruits. It contains at least 2% volatile oil including limonene and citral. Lemon peel is used as a carminative, stimulant, and in perfumes and flavors.
- Bitter orange peel comes from bitter orange fruits. It contains at least 2.5% volatile oil including limonene, citral and citronellal. It is used as a stomachic, aromatic, carmin
Ginger is a botanical that originates from Zingiber officinale. It contains chemical constituents like gingerol and shogaol. Ginger has medicinal uses as an anti-bacterial, to decrease cholesterol and joint pain from arthritis, and as an anti-inflammatory. High doses of ginger can cause side effects like heartburn, diarrhea, and skin irritation when applied. Ginger can be consumed fresh, dried, or in teas and drinks, with most research using 250mg to 1g per day. Ginger may interact with anticoagulants, anti-diabetes drugs, and blood pressure medications.
: In this ppt the viewers will come to know about Linseed Oil that is one of the Lipid containing crude drugs obtained from the plant sources Linseed is the dried, ripe seed of Linum usitatissimum Linn. Linseed oil is obtained by expression of linseeds, belonging to family Linaceae. This drug becomes important since it is obtained from fruit source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (scientific names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents, identification tests and uses has been discussed in brief.
Nutmeg comes from the dried kernel of seeds from the Myristica fragrans tree native to the Molucca Islands. The trees are cultivated for their fruit, which contain nutmeg seeds surrounded by a red aril known as mace. Nutmegs are harvested, dried, and processed to remove the seed coat. Microscopically, nutmeg has a lustrous brown perisperm surrounding a light brown endosperm. Nutmeg contains volatile oils including myristicin and elemicin, as well as fat, protein, starch, and other compounds. It is used as a carminative, astringent, and to reduce flatulence and nausea, and can be distilled to produce nut
In this ppt the viewer will able to know about PAPAIN. Papain is the dried and purified latex of the green fruits and leaves of Carica papaya L., belonging to family Caricaceae. The epicarp adheres to the orange-coloured, fleshy sarcocarp, which surrounds the central cavity. This cavity contains a mass of nearly black seeds. The plant is cultivated in Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Hawai, and Florida. The plant is 5–6 m in height bearing fruits of about 30 cm length and a weight up to 5 kg.
•
Portion explained:
1. Biological Source of Papain
2. Geographical Source of Papain
3. Preparation of Papain
4. Characteristics of Papain
5. Test of Papain
6. Chemical Constituents of Papain
7. Uses of Papain
Sesame oil is obtained by expression from seeds of the sesamum indicum plant. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions like India, Caribbean islands, China, Japan, Africa, and the United States. The oil is pale yellow with a slight odor and bland taste. It contains mainly oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Sesame oil has emollient properties and is used in liniments, plasters, ointments, soaps, and as a vehicle for intramuscular injections. It can be adulterated with oils like camellia, corn, cotton, and peanut oils.
Sesame oil is extracted from the seeds of the sesame plant through processes like expeller pressing or solvent extraction. It has a high smoke point and shelf stability, making it suitable for cooking. Sesame oil also has several medicinal and skin benefits due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, such as treating skin infections, reducing cholesterol, and protecting the skin. It is a popular cooking oil in Asia and used in massages and hair and skin treatments in some cultures.
- Bioflavonoids have a 15 carbon skeleton structure consisting of two phenyl rings (A&B) and a heterocyclic ring (C). They are found in citrus fruits like lemon peel and bitter orange peel.
- Lemon peel comes from the outer part of lemon fruits. It contains at least 2% volatile oil including limonene and citral. Lemon peel is used as a carminative, stimulant, and in perfumes and flavors.
- Bitter orange peel comes from bitter orange fruits. It contains at least 2.5% volatile oil including limonene, citral and citronellal. It is used as a stomachic, aromatic, carmin
Ginger is a botanical that originates from Zingiber officinale. It contains chemical constituents like gingerol and shogaol. Ginger has medicinal uses as an anti-bacterial, to decrease cholesterol and joint pain from arthritis, and as an anti-inflammatory. High doses of ginger can cause side effects like heartburn, diarrhea, and skin irritation when applied. Ginger can be consumed fresh, dried, or in teas and drinks, with most research using 250mg to 1g per day. Ginger may interact with anticoagulants, anti-diabetes drugs, and blood pressure medications.
: In this ppt the viewers will come to know about Linseed Oil that is one of the Lipid containing crude drugs obtained from the plant sources Linseed is the dried, ripe seed of Linum usitatissimum Linn. Linseed oil is obtained by expression of linseeds, belonging to family Linaceae. This drug becomes important since it is obtained from fruit source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (scientific names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents, identification tests and uses has been discussed in brief.
Nutmeg comes from the dried kernel of seeds from the Myristica fragrans tree native to the Molucca Islands. The trees are cultivated for their fruit, which contain nutmeg seeds surrounded by a red aril known as mace. Nutmegs are harvested, dried, and processed to remove the seed coat. Microscopically, nutmeg has a lustrous brown perisperm surrounding a light brown endosperm. Nutmeg contains volatile oils including myristicin and elemicin, as well as fat, protein, starch, and other compounds. It is used as a carminative, astringent, and to reduce flatulence and nausea, and can be distilled to produce nut
In this ppt the viewer will able to know about PAPAIN. Papain is the dried and purified latex of the green fruits and leaves of Carica papaya L., belonging to family Caricaceae. The epicarp adheres to the orange-coloured, fleshy sarcocarp, which surrounds the central cavity. This cavity contains a mass of nearly black seeds. The plant is cultivated in Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Hawai, and Florida. The plant is 5–6 m in height bearing fruits of about 30 cm length and a weight up to 5 kg.
•
Portion explained:
1. Biological Source of Papain
2. Geographical Source of Papain
3. Preparation of Papain
4. Characteristics of Papain
5. Test of Papain
6. Chemical Constituents of Papain
7. Uses of Papain
Olive oil has many health benefits and should be a staple in our diets. It is high in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids which help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Olive oil also contains vitamins A, D, E, K, and polyphenols which can fight free radicals, lower heart disease risk, and slow aging. Extra virgin olive oil is the highest quality and contains the most nutrients when used cold in foods like salad dressings, vegetables, pasta, and rice. It is important to store olive oil in a dark, cool place to prevent rancidity and maintain its taste and nutritional value. Olive oil can also benefit skin by preventing free radicals and moisturizing the epidermis.
This presentation provides information on different types of volatile oils and their medicinal values. Volatile oils are also known as ethereal or essential oils, and evaporate at ordinary temperatures. They provide scents to plants and protect them from animals. There are various classifications of volatile oils including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and esters. Methods to obtain volatile oils include distillation, solvent extraction, and mechanical expression. Volatile oils have many medicinal uses such as for aromatherapy, as antiseptics, and to treat conditions like spasms. The presentation examines properties, chemical constituents, extraction methods, and applications of these important plant-derived oils
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Saffron is the dried stigma and styles from Crocus sativus. It is cultivated by planting corms in sunny, well-drained soil. Flowers bloom in October and are harvested by hand, with the red stigmas and yellow styles removed. The stigmas are dried and contain chemicals like crocin, crocetin, and safranal responsible for saffron's color, taste, and aroma. Saffron is used as a coloring and flavoring agent in foods as well as having stimulant and anti-spasmodic properties. Common substitutes include safflower petals which are orange instead of red.
Almond oil is extracted from sweet almonds through expression. Sweet almonds come from Prunus amygdalus and do not contain toxic chemicals, unlike bitter almonds. Almond oil is pale yellow with a nutty taste and slight odor. It is composed primarily of oleic acid. Almond oil is used in cosmetics, as a laxative when taken internally, as a vehicle for oily injections, and as a flavoring agent. It has emollient properties.
Garlic has a long history of medicinal and culinary use. It contains compounds like allicin that have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The document discusses garlic's taxonomy, phytochemistry, health benefits for conditions like heart disease and cancer, and traditional uses. Garlic may lower cholesterol and blood pressure. It also shows antibacterial effects and has been used to treat infections. The document covers various garlic supplements and concludes that garlic is an important area for further research on its health applications.
Caraway ,All the plant parts are medicinally useful to treat many diseases. It is Home remedy medicine. Easy to grow at home. It is rich in salts and vitamins.
Olive oil is extracted from the ripe fruit of the olive tree, which is native to Mediterranean regions. It is produced by crushing and pressing olives which contain 20-30% oil. Virgin olive oil is produced through cold pressing without heat treatment. Olive oil is pale yellow to greenish yellow in color, with a slight aromatic odor and bland taste. It has various uses as a cooking oil, in cosmetics and medicines due to its emollient properties. Olive oil production has a long history and was used in ancient Egypt and Greece for skin and health applications.
Amla, also known as Indian gooseberry, is a plant species in the family Phyllanthaceae whose dried fruit is used extensively in Ayurveda and herbal medicine. The presentation summarizes the botanical and chemical properties of amla as well as its traditional uses. Key points include that amla contains high levels of vitamin C and gallic acid and is used to treat conditions like heart disease, diabetes, eye health issues, and skin problems. It is a common ingredient in herbal formulations like Chyawanprash and Triphala.
The document discusses the history and uses of essential oils. Essential oils have been used for thousands of years by ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and the Arabian empire in medicine, religious ceremonies, and embalming. Essential oils are extracted from plants through steam distillation or expression and used in perfumes, cosmetics, cleaning products, and medicine due to their antiseptic and aromatic properties. Some key essential oils and their uses mentioned include peppermint for digestion, lemon for infection, lavender for relaxation and wound healing, and frankincense for its immune-boosting and anti-tumor effects.
Tamarind: Tamarindus indica is a common fruit tree of the tropics. Leaves, fruit, seeds hold various properties used in healing of diseases in herbal medicine.
This document summarizes information about Aloes. It describes Aloes as a genus of over 500 species of succulent plants, with Aloe vera being the most widely known species. It is obtained from the dried juice of various Aloe species' leaves. The document outlines the geographical sources and morphological characteristics of four main types of Aloes - Curacao aloe, Cape aloe, Zanzibar aloe, and Socotrine aloe. It also details some of the main chemical constituents of Aloes and describes several chemical tests used to identify different Aloe varieties. The document concludes with discussing substitutes, adulterants, and common uses of Aloes.
Cinnamon is a spice that comes from the cinnamon tree and exists in stick and powder forms. It is native to Sri Lanka and India. Cinnamon has various health benefits such as helping to regulate blood sugar levels, which can benefit those with diabetes, and it also has anti-inflammatory, anti-clotting, and anti-microbial properties. Cinnamon is high in antioxidants and nutrients like vitamin K, calcium, and iron. It can be used to help with issues like arthritis, bladder infections, weight loss, and cholesterol when combined with honey in teas or pastes.
Linseed oil is obtained from the seeds of Linum usitatissimum, which is cultivated in various countries like Russia, Canada, USA, and India. The document outlines the cultivation process for linseed, from sowing seeds in October to harvesting in February/March. Commercially, linseed oil is produced using expellers to press the oil from the seeds. Linseed oil is pale yellow, with characteristic odor and pleasant taste, and is used primarily in paints, varnishes, and topical medicines and lotions.
Description: In this video the viewers will come to know about GUAR GUM that is one of the carbohydrates containing crud drugs obtained from the various plant sources. GUAR GUM consists of seed gum produced from the powdered endosperm of the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus Linn belonging to family Leguminosae. This drug becomes important since it is obtained from vegetable source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (scientific names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents, identification tests and uses has been discussed in brief.
Portion explained:
1. Synonyms of GUAR GUM
2. Biological Sources of GUAR GUM
3. Geographical Sources of GUAR GUM
4. Preparation of GUAR GUM
5. Description of GUAR GUM
6. Chemical Constituents of GUAR GUM
7. Chemical Test of GUAR GUM
8. Uses of GUAR GUM
Fennel, known as Foeniculum vulgare, is a plant in the Apiaceae family whose dried ripe fruit is used medicinally. There are two main types - sweet fennel contains more anethole which is used for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, while bitter fennel contains more fenchone. Major chemical constituents include anethole, fenchone, limonene, and estragol. Fennel is used as a carminative to relieve gas, and its vitamin C, coumarin, and potassium content provide antioxidant, anti-coagulant, and bronchodilatory effects. Side effects are rare but can include nausea, vomiting, or all
Describes in detail the complete biological source and synonyms of the plant Cinnamon. Gives important macroscopic characters and microscopic characters as seen in transverse and the lateral sections. Also gives important chemical constituents of the plant, its uses, difference between two species of Cinnamon: Cassia cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon and some marketed pharmaceutical preparations of Ceylon cinnamon.
Clove is the dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllus, a tree native to Indonesia and cultivated in India. The ideal climate is a cooler, humid tropical region with well-distributed rainfall. Cloves contain 15-20% volatile clove oil, which is composed mainly of eugenol. Cloves are harvested by hand when buds are plump but unopened, then dried. Cloves are used as a spice and for flavoring, and clove oil is used commercially to produce vanillin and as an antiseptic. Potential adulterants include clove stalks, exhausted cloves with low oil content, and blown clove flowers.
Turmeric is commonly used as a spice in cooking and has many potential health benefits. It contains curcumin and other curcuminoids that act as powerful antioxidants and may help treat arthritis, cancer, liver and heart conditions. Curcumin can reduce inflammation, break down amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's, and help treat depression by modulating neurotransmitters. Turmeric is generally well tolerated but high doses may cause side effects like bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners or hypoglycemia. More research is still needed on its mechanisms and effectiveness for various diseases.
This document discusses different types and varieties of ginger. It begins by describing ginger's botanical classification and native varieties from places like India, China, Jamaica, and Africa. It then discusses different forms ginger takes like fresh, dried, black, white, preserved, crystallized, and pickled ginger. It also covers related plants like galangal and aromatic ginger. The rest of the document details ginger's chemical components, pharmacological activities, uses in traditional medicine, top producing countries, and products made from ginger.
Use of alternative medicine in surgical diseases of animals.Saurav Paul
The document discusses several forms of alternative medicine including their origins, key concepts, and applications. It describes homeopathy, Ayurveda, physiotherapy, chiropractic, aromatherapy, Unani medicine, hirudotherapy, acupuncture, and Shenmen therapy. These alternative therapies emphasize improving quality of life and addressing conditions where conventional medicine has had limited success through techniques like herbal remedies, massage, and stimulation of acupuncture points.
Anise is a herb that has been used for thousands of years to treat various conditions. It contains a compound called anethole that has estrogen-like effects and may act as an insecticide. While anise is claimed to help with issues like menstrual problems, breast milk production, libido, and premenstrual syndrome, there is no clinical evidence that it actually provides these benefits. The phytoestrogen activity of anethole seen in animal studies has not been proven to be relevant in humans.
Olive oil has many health benefits and should be a staple in our diets. It is high in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids which help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Olive oil also contains vitamins A, D, E, K, and polyphenols which can fight free radicals, lower heart disease risk, and slow aging. Extra virgin olive oil is the highest quality and contains the most nutrients when used cold in foods like salad dressings, vegetables, pasta, and rice. It is important to store olive oil in a dark, cool place to prevent rancidity and maintain its taste and nutritional value. Olive oil can also benefit skin by preventing free radicals and moisturizing the epidermis.
This presentation provides information on different types of volatile oils and their medicinal values. Volatile oils are also known as ethereal or essential oils, and evaporate at ordinary temperatures. They provide scents to plants and protect them from animals. There are various classifications of volatile oils including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and esters. Methods to obtain volatile oils include distillation, solvent extraction, and mechanical expression. Volatile oils have many medicinal uses such as for aromatherapy, as antiseptics, and to treat conditions like spasms. The presentation examines properties, chemical constituents, extraction methods, and applications of these important plant-derived oils
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Saffron is the dried stigma and styles from Crocus sativus. It is cultivated by planting corms in sunny, well-drained soil. Flowers bloom in October and are harvested by hand, with the red stigmas and yellow styles removed. The stigmas are dried and contain chemicals like crocin, crocetin, and safranal responsible for saffron's color, taste, and aroma. Saffron is used as a coloring and flavoring agent in foods as well as having stimulant and anti-spasmodic properties. Common substitutes include safflower petals which are orange instead of red.
Almond oil is extracted from sweet almonds through expression. Sweet almonds come from Prunus amygdalus and do not contain toxic chemicals, unlike bitter almonds. Almond oil is pale yellow with a nutty taste and slight odor. It is composed primarily of oleic acid. Almond oil is used in cosmetics, as a laxative when taken internally, as a vehicle for oily injections, and as a flavoring agent. It has emollient properties.
Garlic has a long history of medicinal and culinary use. It contains compounds like allicin that have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The document discusses garlic's taxonomy, phytochemistry, health benefits for conditions like heart disease and cancer, and traditional uses. Garlic may lower cholesterol and blood pressure. It also shows antibacterial effects and has been used to treat infections. The document covers various garlic supplements and concludes that garlic is an important area for further research on its health applications.
Caraway ,All the plant parts are medicinally useful to treat many diseases. It is Home remedy medicine. Easy to grow at home. It is rich in salts and vitamins.
Olive oil is extracted from the ripe fruit of the olive tree, which is native to Mediterranean regions. It is produced by crushing and pressing olives which contain 20-30% oil. Virgin olive oil is produced through cold pressing without heat treatment. Olive oil is pale yellow to greenish yellow in color, with a slight aromatic odor and bland taste. It has various uses as a cooking oil, in cosmetics and medicines due to its emollient properties. Olive oil production has a long history and was used in ancient Egypt and Greece for skin and health applications.
Amla, also known as Indian gooseberry, is a plant species in the family Phyllanthaceae whose dried fruit is used extensively in Ayurveda and herbal medicine. The presentation summarizes the botanical and chemical properties of amla as well as its traditional uses. Key points include that amla contains high levels of vitamin C and gallic acid and is used to treat conditions like heart disease, diabetes, eye health issues, and skin problems. It is a common ingredient in herbal formulations like Chyawanprash and Triphala.
The document discusses the history and uses of essential oils. Essential oils have been used for thousands of years by ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and the Arabian empire in medicine, religious ceremonies, and embalming. Essential oils are extracted from plants through steam distillation or expression and used in perfumes, cosmetics, cleaning products, and medicine due to their antiseptic and aromatic properties. Some key essential oils and their uses mentioned include peppermint for digestion, lemon for infection, lavender for relaxation and wound healing, and frankincense for its immune-boosting and anti-tumor effects.
Tamarind: Tamarindus indica is a common fruit tree of the tropics. Leaves, fruit, seeds hold various properties used in healing of diseases in herbal medicine.
This document summarizes information about Aloes. It describes Aloes as a genus of over 500 species of succulent plants, with Aloe vera being the most widely known species. It is obtained from the dried juice of various Aloe species' leaves. The document outlines the geographical sources and morphological characteristics of four main types of Aloes - Curacao aloe, Cape aloe, Zanzibar aloe, and Socotrine aloe. It also details some of the main chemical constituents of Aloes and describes several chemical tests used to identify different Aloe varieties. The document concludes with discussing substitutes, adulterants, and common uses of Aloes.
Cinnamon is a spice that comes from the cinnamon tree and exists in stick and powder forms. It is native to Sri Lanka and India. Cinnamon has various health benefits such as helping to regulate blood sugar levels, which can benefit those with diabetes, and it also has anti-inflammatory, anti-clotting, and anti-microbial properties. Cinnamon is high in antioxidants and nutrients like vitamin K, calcium, and iron. It can be used to help with issues like arthritis, bladder infections, weight loss, and cholesterol when combined with honey in teas or pastes.
Linseed oil is obtained from the seeds of Linum usitatissimum, which is cultivated in various countries like Russia, Canada, USA, and India. The document outlines the cultivation process for linseed, from sowing seeds in October to harvesting in February/March. Commercially, linseed oil is produced using expellers to press the oil from the seeds. Linseed oil is pale yellow, with characteristic odor and pleasant taste, and is used primarily in paints, varnishes, and topical medicines and lotions.
Description: In this video the viewers will come to know about GUAR GUM that is one of the carbohydrates containing crud drugs obtained from the various plant sources. GUAR GUM consists of seed gum produced from the powdered endosperm of the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus Linn belonging to family Leguminosae. This drug becomes important since it is obtained from vegetable source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (scientific names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents, identification tests and uses has been discussed in brief.
Portion explained:
1. Synonyms of GUAR GUM
2. Biological Sources of GUAR GUM
3. Geographical Sources of GUAR GUM
4. Preparation of GUAR GUM
5. Description of GUAR GUM
6. Chemical Constituents of GUAR GUM
7. Chemical Test of GUAR GUM
8. Uses of GUAR GUM
Fennel, known as Foeniculum vulgare, is a plant in the Apiaceae family whose dried ripe fruit is used medicinally. There are two main types - sweet fennel contains more anethole which is used for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, while bitter fennel contains more fenchone. Major chemical constituents include anethole, fenchone, limonene, and estragol. Fennel is used as a carminative to relieve gas, and its vitamin C, coumarin, and potassium content provide antioxidant, anti-coagulant, and bronchodilatory effects. Side effects are rare but can include nausea, vomiting, or all
Describes in detail the complete biological source and synonyms of the plant Cinnamon. Gives important macroscopic characters and microscopic characters as seen in transverse and the lateral sections. Also gives important chemical constituents of the plant, its uses, difference between two species of Cinnamon: Cassia cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon and some marketed pharmaceutical preparations of Ceylon cinnamon.
Clove is the dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllus, a tree native to Indonesia and cultivated in India. The ideal climate is a cooler, humid tropical region with well-distributed rainfall. Cloves contain 15-20% volatile clove oil, which is composed mainly of eugenol. Cloves are harvested by hand when buds are plump but unopened, then dried. Cloves are used as a spice and for flavoring, and clove oil is used commercially to produce vanillin and as an antiseptic. Potential adulterants include clove stalks, exhausted cloves with low oil content, and blown clove flowers.
Turmeric is commonly used as a spice in cooking and has many potential health benefits. It contains curcumin and other curcuminoids that act as powerful antioxidants and may help treat arthritis, cancer, liver and heart conditions. Curcumin can reduce inflammation, break down amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's, and help treat depression by modulating neurotransmitters. Turmeric is generally well tolerated but high doses may cause side effects like bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners or hypoglycemia. More research is still needed on its mechanisms and effectiveness for various diseases.
This document discusses different types and varieties of ginger. It begins by describing ginger's botanical classification and native varieties from places like India, China, Jamaica, and Africa. It then discusses different forms ginger takes like fresh, dried, black, white, preserved, crystallized, and pickled ginger. It also covers related plants like galangal and aromatic ginger. The rest of the document details ginger's chemical components, pharmacological activities, uses in traditional medicine, top producing countries, and products made from ginger.
Use of alternative medicine in surgical diseases of animals.Saurav Paul
The document discusses several forms of alternative medicine including their origins, key concepts, and applications. It describes homeopathy, Ayurveda, physiotherapy, chiropractic, aromatherapy, Unani medicine, hirudotherapy, acupuncture, and Shenmen therapy. These alternative therapies emphasize improving quality of life and addressing conditions where conventional medicine has had limited success through techniques like herbal remedies, massage, and stimulation of acupuncture points.
Anise is a herb that has been used for thousands of years to treat various conditions. It contains a compound called anethole that has estrogen-like effects and may act as an insecticide. While anise is claimed to help with issues like menstrual problems, breast milk production, libido, and premenstrual syndrome, there is no clinical evidence that it actually provides these benefits. The phytoestrogen activity of anethole seen in animal studies has not been proven to be relevant in humans.
Essential oils are so important, they have so many different benefits. Learn some of the most common benefits with this presentation from Miracle Essential Oils.
Ten of the most powerful healing herbs and spicesXenia Y
Ten powerful healing herbs and spices are discussed, including cinnamon, turmeric, basil, clove, cumin, fennel, mint, oregano, parsley, and fenugreek. Cinnamon helps reduce anxiety and control blood sugar levels. Turmeric is a strong anti-inflammatory and may prevent conditions like Alzheimer's and heart disease. Basil, clove, cumin, fennel, mint, oregano, and parsley all have beneficial properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and digestive effects. Fenugreek stimulates breast milk production and has anti-diabetic and heart-protective properties.
Henna is a plant known as Lawsonia inermis that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. It contains various beneficial compounds and can be used in different forms like dye, extracts, and salves. Some key health benefits of henna include improved hair, nail, and skin health by preventing breakage and signs of aging. It also has anti-inflammatory, fever-reducing, wound-healing, headache-relieving, and blood pressure-lowering properties. Henna is a versatile plant that can treat many health issues according to traditional practices.
The document discusses how consumer interest in health and natural products has increased during the coronavirus pandemic. Retailers are reporting big increases in demand for food supplements, healthy foods, and essential oils as consumers try to boost their immune systems. Specialist organic food shops have seen sales increases of over 40 percent. The demand for these types of products is expected to remain high. The document also provides examples of essential oils used in foods and their potential health benefits.
The document discusses several herbal plants including lavender, peppermint, and their various uses. Lavender has traditionally been used to aid sleep and relaxation. It can also help treat acne, burns, and inflammation when diluted and applied topically. However, lavender oil has shown cytotoxic effects on human skin cells in high concentrations in vitro. Peppermint also has a long history of medicinal use and contains menthol which gives it its cooling sensation. Peppermint oil has been shown to help reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and acts through pain receptors in the skin and digestive tract. However, peppermint oil is an irritant if taken in large quantities.
This document provides information on essential oils and their uses. It discusses that essential oils are the volatile oils extracted from plants, and are very potent forms of herbal medicine. It then details several essential oils like peppermint, frankincense, thieves blend, and lists their various medical properties and uses for conditions like respiratory infections, inflammation, anxiety, and more. The document promotes starting a kit of essential oils and becoming a Young Living distributor to receive wholesale prices on oils.
Herbal medicines have been used for thousands of years across many cultures and continents. Plants contain phytochemicals that can have medicinal properties like antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Herbal medicines are prepared in various forms including teas, tinctures, oils, and supplements. While many herbal medicines are safe, some can have toxic effects if taken in large quantities or long term. Proper research is needed to understand the benefits and risks of different herbal remedies.
The document describes the uses of four plants - lavender, aloe vera, motherwort, and peppermint. Lavender has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and relaxing properties and can be used to soothe headaches, aid sleep, and treat skin conditions. Aloe vera has antibacterial, antifungal, and moisturizing properties and can be used to treat burns and soothe skin. Motherwort prevents infections, eases stomach issues, promotes relaxation, and reduces stress. Peppermint provides a cooling sensation, helps with insomnia, reduces pain, and can relieve abdominal pain and IBS symptoms.
15 essential medicinal plants and its use in health remediesAnkur Kushwaha
1. Aniseed is a plant in the carrot family that produces seeds high in anethole, an essential oil. The seeds are used medicinally to treat coughs, bronchial irritation, and anxiety.
2. Asafoetida is a plant that produces a resin with a strong smell. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat conditions like bronchitis, asthma, whooping cough, and intestinal gas.
3. Bamboo is a fast-growing plant used for its shoots and essential oils. Medicinally, it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat wounds, ulcers, indigestion, diarrhea, and high blood pressure.
Medicinal plants and asthama A series of PresentationByMr. Allah D ad Kha...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of PresentationByMr. Allah D ad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KP Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Essential oils, also called natural essential oils, are derived from the steam distillation of plant components, like seeds, flowers, leaves, stems, aromatic woods and roots and retain the flavour and smell of their source
Here is a potential response to the post test question:
I would recommend using lavender essential oil for insomnia. Lavender has calming and relaxing properties that can help promote restful sleep. It is one of the gentlest and safest essential oils to use topically. I would suggest adding 3-5 drops of lavender essential oil to a carrier oil such as jojoba oil and massaging it onto the wrists, temples or bottom of feet before bed. The aroma of lavender has been shown to help reduce anxiety and relax the nervous system, both of which can help induce sleep. Lavender is also soothing and would not cause overstimulation that could disrupt sleep. It is a good choice for occasional insomnia since it
Potential Health Benefits of Fennel Seeds AKA Saunf.pptxNewtree
Fennel seeds range in length from 4 to 8 mm and resemble a grooved or ridged grain of rice. Saunf is available in a variety of shades, from brilliant green to mild green and tan. The seeds, like the fennel plant, have a licorice-like flavor, but they’re sweeter and less pungent and powerful than licorice. You can also buy sweet saunf online.
This document provides information on the uses and cultivation of fennel. It discusses fennel's history in herbal medicine, describing how it has been used to treat digestive issues, respiratory problems, eye inflammation, and more. The document also provides instructions for growing fennel and creating fennel teas and other herbal preparations. Safety information is included, and fennel's magical and spiritual properties are described at the end.
Aromatherapy involves using essential oils extracted from plants and flowers to promote health and well-being. Essential oils can be inhaled, applied topically, or diffused and have properties like relaxation, pain relief, and stress reduction. Different oils impact the brain and nervous system through the olfactory nerves to produce calming or stimulating effects. Aromatherapy has been used for thousands of years and works by activating the limbic system through the sense of smell.
Medicinal plants have been used for medicine since prehistoric times. Plants produce many chemical compounds for functions like defense that can also benefit humans when taken as herbal medicines. While herbal medicines can be effective, they can also have harmful side effects like conventional drugs. Medicinal plants are widely used in non-industrialized societies due to lower costs than modern medicines. The global export value of pharmaceutical plants was over $2.2 billion in 2012. Some medicinal plants that can benefit health include ginger for pain and nausea, garlic for immune and heart health, peppermint for digestion and respiratory issues, chamomile for relaxation and skin, and dandelion greens which are nutritious.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
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In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
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Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
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The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
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Debunking Nutrition Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction"AlexandraDiaz101
In a world overflowing with diet trends and conflicting nutrition advice, it’s easy to get lost in misinformation. This article cuts through the noise to debunk common nutrition myths that may be sabotaging your health goals. From the truth about carbohydrates and fats to the real effects of sugar and artificial sweeteners, we break down what science actually says. Equip yourself with knowledge to make informed decisions about your diet, and learn how to navigate the complexities of modern nutrition with confidence. Say goodbye to food confusion and hello to a healthier you!
1. Aniseed
Anise(Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed, is a flowering plant in the
family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and
Southwest Asia.
Its flavor has similarities with some other spices, such as star
anise,fennel, and liquorice. It is widely cultivated and used to flavor food
and alcoholic drinks, especially around the Mediterranean. It served as a
carminative in herbal medicine.
Etimology
The name "anise" is derived via Old French from the Latin word, anisum,
or Greek, anison, referring to dill.
2. Medical uses of Anise:
Anise is an herb. The seed (fruit) and oil, and less frequently the root and leaf, are used to
make medicine.
• Starting menstrual periods
• Increasing breast milk
• Lice
• upset stomach
• intestinal gas
• “runny nose”
• Scabies
• Psoriasis
• Coughs
• Spasms
• an expectorant to increase productive cough
• as a diuretic to increase urine flow
• as an appetite stimulant
• treat menstrual discomfort or pain
• treatment of seizures, nicotine dependence, trouble sleeping (insomnia), asthma, and
constipation
3. Main uses of aniseed in the body
Antispasmodic/Expectorant. Anise is well known as a carminative and an expectorant. Its ability to decrease
bloating and settle the digestive tract still is used today, especially in pediatrics. In high doses, it is used as an
antispasmodic and an antiseptic and for the treatment of cough, asthma, and bronchitis.
4. The History of Anise
Anise dates back to biblical times when it was mentioned in both the gospels of Luke and Mark.
Anise was considered so valuable during that time that the seeds from which the essential oil is derived were used as
currency to pay tithes to the church as well as tax bills.
Many Greek and Roman authors, including Dioscorides, Theophrastus, Pliny the Elder, and Paladus wrote about the uses of
anise, and in the ninth century, Charlemagne ordered that anise and other treasured herbs were to be grown on the
imperial farms surrounding the magnificent structures he’d ordered to built in Germany under his command.
Romans used anise as a curative for indigestion and served spiced cakes flavored with anise after meals to improve
digestion. Anise was also used to flavor wedding cakes during this time.
The oil was first extracted from the anise seed during the Renaissance, which created new ways for anise to be used,
especially as scientists began isolating homeopathic compounds from the oil produced by the seeds.
As a spice, anise is suitable for both sweet and savory preparations, and in many countries, it is used to flavor liqueurs
including Anisette, a cordial popular in the Mediterranean region.
In “Turner’s Herbal,” published in 1551, anise was recognized as a breath freshener, and in 1683, William Langham’s
“Garden Health” suggested it had diuretic properties, making it an effective remedy for water retention.
Anise is now grown throughout the world and has remained largely unchanged despite the fact that it has at least 2,000
years of history.
5. Anise Essential Oil Fun Facts
Anise is not only used in the
Greek liqueur ouzo, it is also used
in the popular, mysterious liquor
absinthe, which was long
believed to be a hallucinogenic,
including by Ernest Hemingway,
Oscar Wilde, and Edgar Allan
Poe.
Black jelly beans get their flavor
from anise.
Anise was used as a talisman and
was one of the herbs that were
used to protect people from the
Evil Eye.
Anise seed and anise essential oil
are both used in the processing
of meats, most often Italian
sausages, and pepperoni.
Chemical Properties
While there are many volatile oils in anise, by far the most important one is anethole.
Anethole acts as an antimicrobial, fighting off bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Anethole has been
used in conjunction with other phytochemicals, and researchers have found that anethole
works in synergy with those phytochemicals, increasing their efficacy. For example, when
used alongside anise, thyme essential oil enhance anise’s antibacterial properties
significantly.
Other important compounds found in anise essential oil include:
Alpha-pinene
Alpha-pinene is a terpene that could have a positive effect on the brain. Alpha-pinene is
believed to inhibit the activity of an enzyme that damages the neurotransmitters that the
brain uses to communicate with the rest of the body. Because of that, the terpene could
have the potential to protect memory, alleviating the risk of dementia. Alpha-pinene also
interacts with dopamine and serotonin, the same neurotransmitters impacted by drugs such
as Valium and others in the benzodiazepine class, giving it the potential to relieve stress and
anxiety.
Limonene
Limonene is a monoterpene that acts as both an anti-inflammatory and an antibacterial. It
may help speed the healing of wounds while acting as an antioxidant, encouraging the
production of collagen at the site of a wound while fighting free radical damage that can
slow heali
6. Beta-pinene
Another monoterpene, beta-pinene is believed to help improve mood.
Camphene
A monoterpene, camphene could help protect against cardiovascular disease by reducing cholesterol levels, at least in mice.2
Camphene also acts as an antibacterial, an antioxidant, an antifungal, and an insecticide, so it pairs well with the anethole
that makes up the bulk of anise essential oil.
Myristicacid
A fatty acid, the myristic acid helps anise absorb into the skin so the oil’s active compounds can better penetrate the skin’s
surface.
Anise also contains manganese, calcium, fiber, protein, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, potassium, copper, and vitamins
including vitamin C.
7. Uses for Anise Essential Oil
Anise is considered one of the most beneficial herbs for healing, thanks to the
nutrients that the seeds and the oil distilled from them have to offer.
Some of the top health benefits of anise essential oil include:
Fights Bacteria
The antibacterial properties of anise oil make it an effective treatment option
for even stubborn strains of bacteria including staph and strep. It can be
added to water to use as a cleaning product or can be mixed with a carrier oil
and applied directly to cuts or wounds.
Relieves Depression
A 2017 study addressed the benefits of anise essential oil as a potential
treatment for symptoms of depression. The study, appearing in the Journal of
Research in Medical Sciences, found that mood swings, insomnia, and
irritability were reduced in women suffering from postpartum depression
after taking the oil.
Acts as a Sedative
Anise oil can act as a sedative, easing anxiety, stress, and nervousness. It also has a tranquilizing effect that can ease insomnia,
helping those who struggle with sleepless nights drift off to sleep faster and sleep better as well.
8. Fights off Insects
The anethole in anise essential oil has been shown to be more effective than the controversial pesticide DEET when fighting off
certain insects. It has been used effectively against certain species of cockroaches, weevils, and beetles, but it is most effective
against mosquitoes, especially because the anethole in anise works in synergy with the camphene, another natural insecticide
safe for children and pets.
Promotes Lactation
For new moms who are having trouble breastfeeding, anise essential oil may help due to the anethole found in the oil. Anethole
has been shown to increase milk supply in both humans and animals.
Provides Pain Relief
A study appearing in the Indian Veterinary Journal found that the analgesic qualities of anise were as effective as aspirin and
morphine—at least when used on mice. The research does open the door for human studies, however. A 2014 Brazilian study
also found that the anethole in anise could act as an analgesic, relieving pain. It is especially effective on the muscle and joint
pain associated with arthritis.
Reduces Epileptic Seizures
A study in the journal BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that anise reduced not only the duration but also the
frequency of epileptic seizures. Researchers believe that anise helps protect the synapses in the brain, which misfire during an
epileptic seizure.
Regulates Blood Sugar
The anethole in anise seed essential oil could help prevent high blood glucose levels, according to a 2015 study from India. The
animal research found that anethole influenced the activity of specific enzymes, boosting levels of insulin, which is responsible
for helping blood sugar move from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used for energy
9. Treats Fungus
Athlete’s foot and other irritating fungal issues could be a thing of the past, based on research from Croatia. The study found that
the essential oil of anise helped control the growth of specific types of fungus, including yeast.
Relieves Menopause Symptoms
Anise essential oil may help ease the symptoms associated with menopause, according to a 2012 study appearing in the Iran
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. Most notably, anise reduced the frequency and severity of hot flashes, one of the most
common menopausal complaint. 6
Improves Appearance of Skin
The vitamin C in anise makes it a powerful antioxidant. Vitamin C is able to target free radicals that damage the skin proteins
collagen and elastin, protecting the cells and preventing signs of aging, including fine lines, wrinkles and age spots.
Acts as a Decongestant
Anise, often used in over-the-counter cold and cough medications can help relieve congestion and restore easy breathing. It is
also used to relieve coughs, symptoms of asthma and bronchitis, and other respiratory problems.
Improves Digestion
One of the first medicinal uses of anise remains a common one. Anise might not only help stimulate digestion, it is also an
effective carminative, which means that it can ease digestive problems including indigestion, gas, acid reflux, and stomach aches.
It also helps treat nausea and vomiting.
Relaxes Tense Muscles
The properties in anise oil have been shown in studies to relax muscles, making it an excellent additive to carrier oils such as
coconut oil to use as a rub to soothe away the pain of overexertion or strenuous exercise.
10. How To Use Anise Essential Oil
While anise is most often used as a spice to flavor
foods, it can also be used in aromatherapy or applied
to the skin to help ease certain conditions.
Add anise essential oil to lotions, potpourri, a
diffuser, or a sachet to benefit from the restorative
properties of the licorice-like scent, which can both
energize and calm.
To treat the pain of arthritis, mix a few drops of
anise with a carrier oil and massage onto the areas
that cause pain. The massage helps boost
circulation to the area, while the essential oil
penetrates the skin, where it can ease
inflammation and pain.
Add a few drops to a bowl of steaming water and
cover your head with a towel, allowing the steam
to ease congestion.
Add fennel essential oil to a cup of hot tea to help
ease digestion, boost libido, and decrease feelings
of anxiety and stress. You can find fennel in our
Happy personal essential oil diffuser.
11. Extraction of Aniseed oil
Extraction and Characterization Study of Aniseed Oil. Anise belongs to Umbelliferae family originates from Asian countries.
The essential oil is extracted from the fruits but roots are also used. Extraction of Oil from Aniseed was performed by using
Steam Distillation Method
12. METHOD OF EXTRACTION
Several techniques had been implemented for the extraction of oils like turbo distillation, super critical fluid extraction,
Solvent extraction, hydro distillation, use of superheated and supercritical water and other such as microwave assisted
processes, Steam distillation etc. Out of these techniques the Steam distillation is one of the promising techniques for
extraction of oil. Aniseed, on steam distillation, yields an essential oil, known as `Oil of Aniseed`, which has now
replaced the fruits for medicinal and flavoring purposes. Aniseed oil is a colorless or pale-yellow liquid having the
characteristic odor and taste of the fruit. The yield of oil generally varies from 1.9 to 3.1 percent. Higher values up to 6 per
cent have been reported from Syrian aniseed. Crushing of fruits prior to distillation gives better yields of oil. The material
should be distilled soon after the crushing to prevent any loss of oil due to evaporation. Aniseed oil is a highly refractive
liquid, which solidifies on cooling. The congealing point depends much on the anethole content and is a valuable criterion for
evaluating the oil. Exposure of the oil to air causes polymerization, and some oxidation also takes place with the
formation of anisaldehyde and anisic acid. The chief constituent of aniseed oil is anethole, which is present to the extent of 80
to 90 per cent and is mainly responsible for the characteristic flavor of the oil. The oil also contains methyl chavicol,
pmethoxyphenyl acetone, and small amount of terpenes and sulfur containing compounds of disagreeable odor.
Extraction and Characterization Study of Aniseed Oil.
14. PROCEDURE OF STEAM DISTILLATION
1. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam generator and
start heating to produce steam.
2. In the round bottom flask take crushed sauff.
3. A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is passed
through the round bottom flask.
4. A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom flask.
As more and more steam is passed, the steam volatile
components of sauff pass through the condenser along
with steam. These contents on condensation are collected
in the receiver.
5. The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated
by a heating mental to prevent excessive condensation of
steam.
6. The process of steam distillation is continued for about
half an hour.
7. Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel.
8. Wait for one day allow settling down to found two layer
of phases of different density, raffinate and extract phases.
9. Separate the two layers.
10. Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note the
color, odor and weight of the essential oil. Extraction and
Characterization Study of Aniseed Oil.
15. REFERENCES
[1]. Tuan DQ and Ilangantileke SG, “Liquid CO2 extraction of essential oil from star anise
fruits (Illicium verum H). J Food Eng 31:47–57 (1997). [2]. Sims, M. (1982). Process using
liquid CO2 for botanical extractions. Book Chem. Engg, 50-52. [3]. Stahl, E. & Gerard, D.
(1985). Solubility behavior and fractionation of essential oils indense carbon dioxide.
Journal Perfume Flavor, 10, 29-37. [4]. Mehrez Romdhane1 and Chedly Tizaoui2 (2005), the
kinetic modeling of a steam distillation, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology
80:759–766. [5]. Kim N-S and Lee D-S, Comparison of different extraction methods for the
analysis of fragrances from Lavandula species by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J
Chromatogr A 982:31–47 (2002). [6]. Santos PM, Figueiredo AC, Oliveira MM, Barroso JG,
Pedro LG, Deans SG, Younus AKM and Scheffer JC, Essential oils from hairy root cultures and
from fruits and roots of Pimpinella anisum. Phytochemistry 48:455–460 (1998). [7]. Della
Porta G, Taddeo R,D’Urso E and Reverchon E, Isolation of clove bud and star anise
essential oil by supercritical CO2 extraction. Food Science and Technology 31:454–460
(1998). [8]. Tezel, A.; Hortacüsu, A.; Hortacüsu, O¬. Multi-component models for seed and
essential oil extractions. J. Supercrit. Fluids 2000, 19, 3-19. [9]. Kemmerer, B.; Reichling, J. S-
Adenosyl-L-methionine: anol-omethyltransferase activity in organ cultures of Pimpinella
anisum. Phytochemistry 1996, 42, 397-403. (PDF) Extraction and Characterization Study of
Aniseed Oil.