Animation is created by displaying a sequence of images to create the illusion of movement. The persistence of vision phenomenon causes our eyes to perceive continuous movement when individual images are displayed rapidly in succession. Early forms of animation date back thousands of years and included techniques like cave murals, pottery illustrations, and da Vinci's sketches. Modern animation includes traditional hand-drawn animation, 2D digital animation using sequenced drawings, 3D animation using computer-generated objects and environments, stop motion, and other techniques. The animation process involves pre-production, production, and post-production stages for both 2D and 3D animation. 12 principles like squash and stretch, anticipation, staging, arcs, and timing are used to make animated movements appear