Animal psychology
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•2,053 views
Psychology is the scientific study of human and animal behavior with the object of understanding why living beings behave as they do. Psychology is a scientific study that deals with the mental state and behavior of an individual or a group. For More Relevant Presentation Visit my Website: http://jobsforworld.blogspot.com/2015/12/presentation-of-education.html
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Animal Behavior
Animal behavior is defined as anything an animal does in response to stimuli in its environment. There are two main types of behaviors: innate behaviors that are inherited, and learned behaviors that develop through experience. Animals behave in certain ways to find food and water, interact socially, avoid predators, and reproduce. Studying animal behavior provides insights into genetics, human behavior, and solutions for stressful human situations.
Altruism in animals and its type
This presentation is mainly about animal behavior topics, Altruism, Kin Selecetion, reciprocal altruism, and Hamilton's rule.
Animal behavior
Animal behavior types can be categorized into several types including learning, habituation, imprinting, classical conditioning, trial and error learning, latent learning, insight, reasoning, and cognition. Learning is the modification of behavior based on experiences and can range from simple to complex. Habituation is the decrease in response to repeated stimuli over time. Imprinting occurs during a sensitive period where young animals learn recognition and attraction patterns. Classical conditioning pairs an innate response with a new stimulus. Trial and error and insight involve solving problems through testing or understanding relationships. Latent learning occurs without reinforcement. Animal cognition allows perception, processing, and use of information.
ALTRUISM
Altruism refers to helping behavior where an individual acts to benefit another at a cost to itself. There are two main theories for the evolution of altruism: kin selection and reciprocal altruism. Kin selection proposes that altruism evolves because individuals help relatives who share their genes, increasing their inclusive fitness. Reciprocal altruism suggests altruism can evolve in non-relatives if helping is reciprocated to provide future benefits. Examples of altruism in animals include vampire bats sharing blood and ground squirrels warning of predators.
Animal behaviour
Behavior is everything an organism does in response to stimuli from both the external environment and internal bodily states. It includes innate behaviors that are genetically determined and critical for survival, such as feeding, grooming, and reproduction, as well as learned behaviors influenced by environmental factors. The scientific study of animal behavior is called ethology and focuses on understanding behavior in natural habitats and social contexts.
Animal behaviors
Animal behavior can be innate, social, or learned. Innate behaviors are instincts, like a kitten's instinct to chase moving objects. Social behaviors include aggression over resources, territoriality to protect resources for mating and raising young, and communication through sounds, smells, and visual displays. Learned behaviors develop through experience using processes like habituation, classical conditioning, and trial and error learning.
An introduction to ethology
Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior under natural conditions. It examines behaviors like why black-headed gulls remove empty egg shells after hatching, which may help reduce predation of the eggs. Ethologists, or animal behavior scientists, study behaviors including communication not involving movement, such as vocalizations and odor release.
Animal behavior
The document discusses animal behavior and its use as a screening tool in biomedical research. It defines animal behavior and describes ethology, the scientific study of animal behavior. It discusses pioneers in the field like Niko Tinbergen and covers different types of behaviors like feeding, social, and communicative behaviors. The document also discusses the nature vs nurture debate and different learning processes in animals. It describes using animal models to study behaviors related to pain, anxiety, depression, and other conditions to gain insights into human behaviors and disorders.
Recommended
Animal Behavior
Animal behavior is defined as anything an animal does in response to stimuli in its environment. There are two main types of behaviors: innate behaviors that are inherited, and learned behaviors that develop through experience. Animals behave in certain ways to find food and water, interact socially, avoid predators, and reproduce. Studying animal behavior provides insights into genetics, human behavior, and solutions for stressful human situations.
Altruism in animals and its type
This presentation is mainly about animal behavior topics, Altruism, Kin Selecetion, reciprocal altruism, and Hamilton's rule.
Animal behavior
Animal behavior types can be categorized into several types including learning, habituation, imprinting, classical conditioning, trial and error learning, latent learning, insight, reasoning, and cognition. Learning is the modification of behavior based on experiences and can range from simple to complex. Habituation is the decrease in response to repeated stimuli over time. Imprinting occurs during a sensitive period where young animals learn recognition and attraction patterns. Classical conditioning pairs an innate response with a new stimulus. Trial and error and insight involve solving problems through testing or understanding relationships. Latent learning occurs without reinforcement. Animal cognition allows perception, processing, and use of information.
ALTRUISM
Altruism refers to helping behavior where an individual acts to benefit another at a cost to itself. There are two main theories for the evolution of altruism: kin selection and reciprocal altruism. Kin selection proposes that altruism evolves because individuals help relatives who share their genes, increasing their inclusive fitness. Reciprocal altruism suggests altruism can evolve in non-relatives if helping is reciprocated to provide future benefits. Examples of altruism in animals include vampire bats sharing blood and ground squirrels warning of predators.
Animal behaviour
Behavior is everything an organism does in response to stimuli from both the external environment and internal bodily states. It includes innate behaviors that are genetically determined and critical for survival, such as feeding, grooming, and reproduction, as well as learned behaviors influenced by environmental factors. The scientific study of animal behavior is called ethology and focuses on understanding behavior in natural habitats and social contexts.
Animal behaviors
Animal behavior can be innate, social, or learned. Innate behaviors are instincts, like a kitten's instinct to chase moving objects. Social behaviors include aggression over resources, territoriality to protect resources for mating and raising young, and communication through sounds, smells, and visual displays. Learned behaviors develop through experience using processes like habituation, classical conditioning, and trial and error learning.
An introduction to ethology
Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior under natural conditions. It examines behaviors like why black-headed gulls remove empty egg shells after hatching, which may help reduce predation of the eggs. Ethologists, or animal behavior scientists, study behaviors including communication not involving movement, such as vocalizations and odor release.
Animal behavior
The document discusses animal behavior and its use as a screening tool in biomedical research. It defines animal behavior and describes ethology, the scientific study of animal behavior. It discusses pioneers in the field like Niko Tinbergen and covers different types of behaviors like feeding, social, and communicative behaviors. The document also discusses the nature vs nurture debate and different learning processes in animals. It describes using animal models to study behaviors related to pain, anxiety, depression, and other conditions to gain insights into human behaviors and disorders.
Mod 6 lorenz
Lorenz conducted a study on goslings to test the hypothesis that they will imprint on and follow the first moving object they see. He found that goslings followed either him or their mother, depending on who they saw first, providing early evidence that animals form attachments to caregivers during a critical period. This research influenced later theories of attachment in humans but had limitations as it only studied one species and conclusions about permanence of imprinting were later disproven.
Proximate vs ultimate causes of animal behavior
Two broad categories of behaviors are Proximate and Ultimate behaviour. The presentation gives a brief introduction on Proximate and Ultimate causes of behaviour
Animal Behaviour.pptx
The document discusses different types of animal behavior, including innate behavior and learned behavior. Innate behaviors are things an animal is born knowing how to do, and include irritability, tropisms, kinesis, taxes, reflexes, instincts, and motivation. Learned behaviors are things an animal learns during its lifetime through experiences, such as habituation, imprinting, conditioned reflexes, trial and error learning, latent learning, insight, and reasoning. The document provides examples and definitions of each of these different types of behaviors.
Habituation
Habituation is the gradual reduction in response to a repeated stimulus that is irrelevant or harmless to an animal. When a stimulus such as a sound or sight is encountered repeatedly without negative consequence, the animal will stop responding to it as the stimulus loses its novelty and significance. This allows the animal to ignore unimportant stimuli and conserve its energy and time for responses that are actually important for survival. Examples show how various animals like snails, chicks, prairie dogs, and sea anemones eventually stop responding to repeated stimuli through habituation once they learn the stimuli do not pose a threat.
Genetic basis of behaviour
Animal behaviour is any activity performed by an animal in response to an internal or external stimuli or combination of both. Every behaviour of animal is more or less controlled by a genetical component. Some behaviours are controlled by a single or a few genes. Other behaviours are controlled by a set of genes through complex interplay.
Imprinting
This document discusses different types of imprinting, including filial imprinting where young animals imprint on their parents, sexual imprinting where young imprint on characteristics of adults that influence mate choice, and reverse sexual imprinting known as the Westermarck effect where individuals living in close proximity early in life are desensitized to sexual attraction to one another to avoid inbreeding. It also discusses limbic imprinting where prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal experiences leave lifelong imprints on the limbic system of the brain that shape deep-seated beliefs and values. Examples are provided for each type of imprinting.
Innate and learned behavior
Objective of the study:- What is behavior? Innate and Learned Behavior. Types of Innate and Learned Behavior with examples.
Fixed action pattern
1. A fixed action pattern is a series of instinctive behaviors that are automatically elicited by a sign stimulus in animals.
2. Examples include herring gull chicks pecking at the red spot on their parents' beaks and male sticklebacks displaying aggressive behaviors towards other males showing red belly coloration.
3. The innate releasing mechanism is the neural network in the brain that is activated by a sign stimulus to trigger a fixed action pattern response.
Sperm competition and sexual selection
This document summarizes a presentation by Professor Leigh Simmons on sperm competition and sexual selection. It discusses Darwin's original ideas on the topic and how research has expanded since the 1970s to study behavior, morphology, and physiology related to sperm competition across many insect species. Specific studies are highlighted on sperm displacement behavior in yellow dung flies and experimental evolution of ejaculate expenditure in response to varying levels of sperm competition. The research has provided insights into the evolution of male genital morphology and ejaculate quality under monogamous versus polygamous mating systems.
Sociobiology
Sociobiology carries the assumption that the behavior is influenced by genes, though not rigidly determined by them; any behavior emerges through the interaction between the genes and environment. Edward O. Wilson brought the term (and the concept it represents) into both academic and popular usage with his 1976 book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (Wilson 1976). Wilson was an ant biologist and had spent his career observing the much ramified social behavior of these insects, though his book extended to social behavior throughout the animal kingdom. The book was a synthesis of the existing work, clearly establishing how the evolutionary theory could be applied to the understanding of social behavior. It was a landmark in evolutionary biology and was resulted in two key shifts in the study of animal behavior. First, sociobiology’s mainly focuses is on the functional significance of behavior (Wilson et al., 2005). Previous work on the animal behavior, in the discipline of ethnology for example, had focused more on the mechanisms by which the behavior is brought about.
Animal behavior
The document discusses animal behavior and its study in ethology. It defines key terms like stimuli, behaviors, and types of learning. Stimuli can be external, like sounds or smells, or internal, like hunger. Behaviors are either innate genetic behaviors important for survival like foraging, parenting or courtship, or learned through processes like imprinting, conditioning, or reasoning. The document categorizes different innate behaviors and provides examples of each, like migration, communication, play, and elimination. It also describes different types of learning animals engage in and provides examples like imprinting, habituation, classical and operant conditioning.
Honeybee
Honeybees live in hives consisting of up to 20,000 individuals organized into different roles. They communicate through a precise waggle dance where the duration and angle indicate the distance and direction of profitable food sources. Karl von Frisch discovered this dance in the early 20th century and found bees could locate specific flowers based on the dance alone. Later studies showed various factors like predator presence, dance floor conditions, and hive needs impact the dance. While the dance clearly conveys useful information, some details of how it is interpreted remain uncertain.
Social organization and social behaviour in insects
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOUR
The document discusses the relationship between hormones and behavior in animals. It explains that hormones secreted from endocrine glands influence moods and responses to stimuli. Animal reproductive and maternal behaviors are regulated seasonally based on changing hormone levels, such as increases in sex hormones during breeding seasons. Specific hormones like progesterone, prolactin, LH, and melatonin influence behaviors related to incubation, feeding of young, ovulation, and growth of reproductive organs. Hormones also affect aggressive behaviors, territorial markings, and development of sexual characteristics. Behaviors are regulated through the interactions of the pituitary gland, gonads, and adrenal systems.
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
ETHOLOGY-HORMONES & BEHAVIOR
This document discusses several topics related to animal behavior and hormones:
1) It describes homeostasis as the tendency of a system to maintain internal stability in response to stimuli.
2) It discusses the hormone leptin, which is secreted by adipose tissue and plays a key role in regulating food intake and hypothalamic development.
3) It contrasts homeostatic and non-homeostatic systems in regulating food intake, noting that cognitive and executive decisions can override hunger signals.
Principle of Ethology with special reference to pattern of behavior
1. Introduction
a. What is Ethology?
b. Origin & History of Ethology.
2. Principles of Ethology.
3. Some Special Reference of Ethology.
4. Patterns and Behaviour.
5. Conclusion.
6. Reference.
Animal behavior/ orientation/taxes
this ppt slide consists of the definition of orientation, types of taxis. these slides help students to understand taxis' behavior in an easy way.
hormonal control of behaviour-2.pptx
Hormones play an important role in regulating animal behavior. Gonadal hormones like testosterone and estrogen influence sexual, aggressive, and parental behaviors. The pituitary gland releases hormones like LH, FSH, and prolactin that affect reproductive behaviors. Thyroid hormones control metamorphosis and migration. Hormones have bidirectional relationships with behavior - hormones can influence behavior and behavioral stimuli can trigger hormone release. For example, mating stimulates LH and oxytocin release in some species. Together, the endocrine and nervous systems coordinate the complex behaviors necessary for survival and reproduction.
Imprinting presentation
Imprinting is a behavior that involves both innate and learned components during a sensitive period early in life. It is an irreversible rapid learning process where a newborn animal establishes recognition and attraction to another animal of its own kind, often its parent. Examples of imprinting include geese following their mother figure and young sparrows learning their song from their father during a critical period right after birth or hatching. Conservation programs have used imprinting to help save endangered whooping cranes.
Biogeo lec 1 the science of biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the spatial patterns of biodiversity and the distributions of organisms over Earth. It seeks to understand why species are confined to certain ranges and how physical and biological factors influence distributions. While history plays a role in explaining some patterns, such as related species found on fragmented lands like Gondwanaland, processes like convergent evolution also shape distributions in similar environments. Biogeographers investigate relationships between patterns and the processes that create them, assuming through uniformitarianism that basic physical and biological laws have remained constant over time.
Medical implication of developmental biology
Medical Implication of Developmental Biology discusses infertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), as well as developmental cancer therapies including gene therapy, stem cells, and therapeutic cloning. It also covers angiogenesis inhibition to prevent tumor growth by blocking blood vessel formation. The document provides details on IVF procedures, ICSI directly injecting a single sperm into an egg, and using stem cells to produce new cells and organs for people with diseases or failing organs.
More Related Content
What's hot
Mod 6 lorenz
Lorenz conducted a study on goslings to test the hypothesis that they will imprint on and follow the first moving object they see. He found that goslings followed either him or their mother, depending on who they saw first, providing early evidence that animals form attachments to caregivers during a critical period. This research influenced later theories of attachment in humans but had limitations as it only studied one species and conclusions about permanence of imprinting were later disproven.
Proximate vs ultimate causes of animal behavior
Two broad categories of behaviors are Proximate and Ultimate behaviour. The presentation gives a brief introduction on Proximate and Ultimate causes of behaviour
Animal Behaviour.pptx
The document discusses different types of animal behavior, including innate behavior and learned behavior. Innate behaviors are things an animal is born knowing how to do, and include irritability, tropisms, kinesis, taxes, reflexes, instincts, and motivation. Learned behaviors are things an animal learns during its lifetime through experiences, such as habituation, imprinting, conditioned reflexes, trial and error learning, latent learning, insight, and reasoning. The document provides examples and definitions of each of these different types of behaviors.
Habituation
Habituation is the gradual reduction in response to a repeated stimulus that is irrelevant or harmless to an animal. When a stimulus such as a sound or sight is encountered repeatedly without negative consequence, the animal will stop responding to it as the stimulus loses its novelty and significance. This allows the animal to ignore unimportant stimuli and conserve its energy and time for responses that are actually important for survival. Examples show how various animals like snails, chicks, prairie dogs, and sea anemones eventually stop responding to repeated stimuli through habituation once they learn the stimuli do not pose a threat.
Genetic basis of behaviour
Animal behaviour is any activity performed by an animal in response to an internal or external stimuli or combination of both. Every behaviour of animal is more or less controlled by a genetical component. Some behaviours are controlled by a single or a few genes. Other behaviours are controlled by a set of genes through complex interplay.
Imprinting
This document discusses different types of imprinting, including filial imprinting where young animals imprint on their parents, sexual imprinting where young imprint on characteristics of adults that influence mate choice, and reverse sexual imprinting known as the Westermarck effect where individuals living in close proximity early in life are desensitized to sexual attraction to one another to avoid inbreeding. It also discusses limbic imprinting where prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal experiences leave lifelong imprints on the limbic system of the brain that shape deep-seated beliefs and values. Examples are provided for each type of imprinting.
Innate and learned behavior
Objective of the study:- What is behavior? Innate and Learned Behavior. Types of Innate and Learned Behavior with examples.
Fixed action pattern
1. A fixed action pattern is a series of instinctive behaviors that are automatically elicited by a sign stimulus in animals.
2. Examples include herring gull chicks pecking at the red spot on their parents' beaks and male sticklebacks displaying aggressive behaviors towards other males showing red belly coloration.
3. The innate releasing mechanism is the neural network in the brain that is activated by a sign stimulus to trigger a fixed action pattern response.
Sperm competition and sexual selection
This document summarizes a presentation by Professor Leigh Simmons on sperm competition and sexual selection. It discusses Darwin's original ideas on the topic and how research has expanded since the 1970s to study behavior, morphology, and physiology related to sperm competition across many insect species. Specific studies are highlighted on sperm displacement behavior in yellow dung flies and experimental evolution of ejaculate expenditure in response to varying levels of sperm competition. The research has provided insights into the evolution of male genital morphology and ejaculate quality under monogamous versus polygamous mating systems.
Sociobiology
Sociobiology carries the assumption that the behavior is influenced by genes, though not rigidly determined by them; any behavior emerges through the interaction between the genes and environment. Edward O. Wilson brought the term (and the concept it represents) into both academic and popular usage with his 1976 book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (Wilson 1976). Wilson was an ant biologist and had spent his career observing the much ramified social behavior of these insects, though his book extended to social behavior throughout the animal kingdom. The book was a synthesis of the existing work, clearly establishing how the evolutionary theory could be applied to the understanding of social behavior. It was a landmark in evolutionary biology and was resulted in two key shifts in the study of animal behavior. First, sociobiology’s mainly focuses is on the functional significance of behavior (Wilson et al., 2005). Previous work on the animal behavior, in the discipline of ethnology for example, had focused more on the mechanisms by which the behavior is brought about.
Animal behavior
The document discusses animal behavior and its study in ethology. It defines key terms like stimuli, behaviors, and types of learning. Stimuli can be external, like sounds or smells, or internal, like hunger. Behaviors are either innate genetic behaviors important for survival like foraging, parenting or courtship, or learned through processes like imprinting, conditioning, or reasoning. The document categorizes different innate behaviors and provides examples of each, like migration, communication, play, and elimination. It also describes different types of learning animals engage in and provides examples like imprinting, habituation, classical and operant conditioning.
Honeybee
Honeybees live in hives consisting of up to 20,000 individuals organized into different roles. They communicate through a precise waggle dance where the duration and angle indicate the distance and direction of profitable food sources. Karl von Frisch discovered this dance in the early 20th century and found bees could locate specific flowers based on the dance alone. Later studies showed various factors like predator presence, dance floor conditions, and hive needs impact the dance. While the dance clearly conveys useful information, some details of how it is interpreted remain uncertain.
Social organization and social behaviour in insects
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOUR
The document discusses the relationship between hormones and behavior in animals. It explains that hormones secreted from endocrine glands influence moods and responses to stimuli. Animal reproductive and maternal behaviors are regulated seasonally based on changing hormone levels, such as increases in sex hormones during breeding seasons. Specific hormones like progesterone, prolactin, LH, and melatonin influence behaviors related to incubation, feeding of young, ovulation, and growth of reproductive organs. Hormones also affect aggressive behaviors, territorial markings, and development of sexual characteristics. Behaviors are regulated through the interactions of the pituitary gland, gonads, and adrenal systems.
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
ETHOLOGY-HORMONES & BEHAVIOR
This document discusses several topics related to animal behavior and hormones:
1) It describes homeostasis as the tendency of a system to maintain internal stability in response to stimuli.
2) It discusses the hormone leptin, which is secreted by adipose tissue and plays a key role in regulating food intake and hypothalamic development.
3) It contrasts homeostatic and non-homeostatic systems in regulating food intake, noting that cognitive and executive decisions can override hunger signals.
Principle of Ethology with special reference to pattern of behavior
1. Introduction
a. What is Ethology?
b. Origin & History of Ethology.
2. Principles of Ethology.
3. Some Special Reference of Ethology.
4. Patterns and Behaviour.
5. Conclusion.
6. Reference.
Animal behavior/ orientation/taxes
this ppt slide consists of the definition of orientation, types of taxis. these slides help students to understand taxis' behavior in an easy way.
hormonal control of behaviour-2.pptx
Hormones play an important role in regulating animal behavior. Gonadal hormones like testosterone and estrogen influence sexual, aggressive, and parental behaviors. The pituitary gland releases hormones like LH, FSH, and prolactin that affect reproductive behaviors. Thyroid hormones control metamorphosis and migration. Hormones have bidirectional relationships with behavior - hormones can influence behavior and behavioral stimuli can trigger hormone release. For example, mating stimulates LH and oxytocin release in some species. Together, the endocrine and nervous systems coordinate the complex behaviors necessary for survival and reproduction.
Imprinting presentation
Imprinting is a behavior that involves both innate and learned components during a sensitive period early in life. It is an irreversible rapid learning process where a newborn animal establishes recognition and attraction to another animal of its own kind, often its parent. Examples of imprinting include geese following their mother figure and young sparrows learning their song from their father during a critical period right after birth or hatching. Conservation programs have used imprinting to help save endangered whooping cranes.
What's hot (20)
Social organization and social behaviour in insects
Social organization and social behaviour in insects
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
Principle of Ethology with special reference to pattern of behavior
Principle of Ethology with special reference to pattern of behavior
Viewers also liked
Biogeo lec 1 the science of biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the spatial patterns of biodiversity and the distributions of organisms over Earth. It seeks to understand why species are confined to certain ranges and how physical and biological factors influence distributions. While history plays a role in explaining some patterns, such as related species found on fragmented lands like Gondwanaland, processes like convergent evolution also shape distributions in similar environments. Biogeographers investigate relationships between patterns and the processes that create them, assuming through uniformitarianism that basic physical and biological laws have remained constant over time.
Medical implication of developmental biology
Medical Implication of Developmental Biology discusses infertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), as well as developmental cancer therapies including gene therapy, stem cells, and therapeutic cloning. It also covers angiogenesis inhibition to prevent tumor growth by blocking blood vessel formation. The document provides details on IVF procedures, ICSI directly injecting a single sperm into an egg, and using stem cells to produce new cells and organs for people with diseases or failing organs.
An update of wallace´s zoogeographic regions of the world
This document reports on a study that mapped global zoogeographic regions by integrating data on the distributions and phylogenetic relationships of over 21,000 amphibian, bird, and mammal species. The study identified 20 distinct zoogeographic regions grouped into 11 larger realms. Key findings include:
1) Support was lacking for several regions previously defined based solely on distributional data.
2) Spatial turnover in phylogenetic composition was higher in the Southern Hemisphere than the Northern Hemisphere.
3) Incorporating phylogenetic information provided insight on historical relationships among regions and identified evolutionarily unique regions.
Zoogeography of nepal
Nepal has a wide range of elevations and terrain that contribute to its natural diversity. It can be divided into three physical zones - the lowland Terai region, the midland Mahabharat Range, and the highland northern region. This varied landscape supports a rich variety of animal species, with over 10% of the world's known bird species and mammals such as Bengal tigers, rhinoceros, snow leopards, and red pandas. However, habitat loss and poaching have caused population declines and even extinction of some species like the pygmy hog and hispid hare.
Biogeo lec 2 history of biogeography
The document discusses the history of biogeography from the 1700s through the 19th century. Some key themes and figures discussed include:
1. Early biogeographers like Linnaeus, Buffon, and Humboldt classified geographic regions based on their biotas and proposed theories on the origin and spread of species.
2. In the 19th century, advances in estimating the age of the Earth, understanding continental drift, and mechanisms of species diversification improved biogeographic understanding.
3. British scientists like Darwin, Hooker, Sclater, and Wallace made major contributions through studies of species distributions, island biotas, and defining major biogeographic regions still used today.
Ethiopian
The Ethiopian region has a diverse mix of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. It shares many families with the Oriental region, and has strong affinities with Oriental mammals and birds. However, it also has 12 unique mammal families found only in this region. While its fauna shares similarities with both the Neotropical and Oriental regions due to a tropical climate, it most closely resembles the Oriental region in terms of number of shared families, genera and species. The Ethiopian region has the second most endemic families of any region, after Neotropical.
Neotropical region
The document describes the Neotropical region which includes South and Central America, the tropical lowlands of Mexico, Trinidad, and the West Indies. It is joined to the Nearctic region by the Central American isthmus and separated from other regions by sea. The fauna of the West Indies forms a complex fringing pattern rather than being part of a continental pattern.
Journey of an embryo...development biology
1. Neurulation and organogenesis are key developmental processes in early embryos. Neurulation involves the formation of the neural plate and tube which give rise to the central nervous system. Organogenesis is when specific organs are formed through cell differentiation and tissue interactions.
2. The three germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm - produce different organ systems. The endoderm forms lung, thyroid and pancreas tissues. The mesoderm aids in heart, muscle, kidney and blood development. The ectoderm produces skin and neural tissues.
3. Embryonic development proceeds through stages of cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation and organogenesis as the single-celled z
Nearctic
The Nearctic region includes North America north of Mexico, as well as Greenland and the Aleutian Islands. It has a climate and vegetation most similar to the Palearctic region. Mammals in the Nearctic include both families shared with the Palearctic and endemic families like pocket gophers, pocket mice, sewellel, and pronghorns. Reptiles include snakes like garter snakes and rattlesnakes as well as lizards. The region also contains a diverse array of birds, fish, amphibians. While sharing similarities with the Palearctic, the Nearctic has a more distinct fauna with more endemic families and is a transition zone between temperate and tropical regions.
Biogeography presentations species interaction
This document provides a summary of different types of species interactions presented by Nada Sillo Balohho at Mwenge University in Tanzania in June 2011. It defines key terms like species and interaction, and categorizes species interactions as either positive (e.g. mutualism, commensalism) or negative (e.g. competition, predation). Examples are given for each type of interaction and how they influence the fitness of species involved. The conclusion emphasizes that species interactions are important for ecosystem balance and biodiversity.
Introduction to developmental biology
This document provides an introduction to developmental biology, including:
- A brief overview of the history of the field from descriptive embryology to experimental and analytical embryology pioneered by Morgan.
- Key historical figures and their contributions, like Aristotle's early work in embryology, preformation theories proposed by Swammerdam and Hartsoeker, and the epigenetic theory of Wolf and Haeckel.
- Important theories and principles like Baer's law of development, the recapitulation theory of Muller and Haeckel, Weismann's germplasm theory, the mosaic and regulative theories of development by Roux and Driesch, and Spemann's theory of organizers.
02 evidence of evolution biogeography
The document discusses biogeography as evidence of evolution. It describes how Darwin observed that species on remote islands like the Galapagos evolved uniquely from ancestral species on the nearest continents over time in isolation. Different related species found on islands geographically close to each other provide evidence that ancestral species diversified after crossing oceans to colonize new lands.
Developmental biology course presentation
This document provides information on an international course on developmental biology to be held in Paris in October 2011. The course will be held at Pierre and Marie Curie University and the Curie Institute. It is intended for master's and PhD students and will include 3 weeks of practical laboratory sessions and 2 weeks of lectures. The practical sessions will cover topics like early mouse development, chick embryo culture, Drosophila imaginal discs, Xenopus embryos, C. elegans, and zebrafish. The lecture sessions will feature talks from researchers on various topics within developmental biology.
Ch 5 biogeography
The document provides an overview of the different biomes and plant communities found in California, from coastal and inland forests, grasslands, and scrub biomes to montane forests and alpine/subalpine communities. It describes the key environmental factors and species found in each biome and habitat type, including coastal scrub, chaparral, desert scrub, riparian areas, and montane forests located at different elevations. The document also discusses how plant communities transition between biomes based on elevation, precipitation levels, and temperature gradients across the state.
Developmental biology
This document describes the key stages of human embryonic and fetal development. It begins with an introduction to embryology and the processes of gametogenesis that produce egg and sperm cells. There are then four main sections that outline the major developmental periods: 1) Germinal stage, which involves fertilization, cleavage of the zygote, and blastulation. 2) Gastrulation stage, where the embryo reorganizes into three germ layers. 3) Neurulation stage where the neural tube forms from ectoderm. 4) Organogenesis stage in which organs begin to form and differentiate. The document then describes fetal development in the second and third trimesters, focusing on continued growth and differentiation of organ systems.
Biology: First lecture for Cell and Developmental Biology #bs1003 bs1003 Leic...
Biology: First lecture for Cell and Developmental Biology #bs1003 bs1003 Leic...Pat (JS) Heslop-Harrison
Prof Pat Heslop-Harrison's introduction to the 1st year Undergraduate Cell and Developmental Biology Course, BS1003, University of Leicester. See my blog post about what is needed in University teaching 1000 years after the first University on www.AoBBlog.com (That first University Lecture)Developmental Biology of Drosophila
The document discusses development in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies). It describes how maternal molecules establish body axes in the early embryo before cell differentiation. Segmentation genes are then expressed in gradients controlled by these maternal factors and establish the basic body plan. These include gap, pair-rule and segment polarity genes. Finally, homeotic genes specify the identity of each body segment and control structure formation. This cascade of gene regulation results in the distinct segments that make up the adult fly body.
Biogeography
The document describes various ecological hierarchies that shape biodiversity on Earth, including taxonomic, trophic, and ecological hierarchies. It then discusses key concepts in biogeography and ecosystems, such as biomes, disturbance regimes, succession, and how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems. Specific biomes are also outlined such as tropical rainforests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra.
biogeographical classification
India has high biological diversity due to its varied climate, topography and geology. It contains 6% of the world's known wildlife despite having only 2% of the world's landmass. India has 10 biogeographic zones and 26 biotic provinces. The zones range from cold, high Himalayan regions to coastal areas and islands. India's diverse ecosystems support over 45,000 plant species and 86,874 animal species. However, human activities like deforestation, exploitation, and pollution threaten India's rich biodiversity. Laws like the Wildlife Protection Act aim to conserve endangered species and their habitats.
Insomnia Presentation
The document discusses sleep, insomnia, and their treatment. It defines insomnia as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Insomnia can be transient, acute, or chronic. Common causes include medical, psychiatric, substance-related, and circadian issues. Treatment involves addressing underlying causes, improving sleep hygiene, cognitive-behavioral therapy including stimulus control and sleep restriction, and may include pharmacotherapy with hypnotics as a short-term option. Multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy is most effective for insomnia.
Viewers also liked (20)
An update of wallace´s zoogeographic regions of the world
An update of wallace´s zoogeographic regions of the world
Biology: First lecture for Cell and Developmental Biology #bs1003 bs1003 Leic...
Biology: First lecture for Cell and Developmental Biology #bs1003 bs1003 Leic...
More from University of the Punjab
Sports psychology
This document discusses the importance of education in developing skills for career success. It notes that education provides opportunities to gain knowledge and abilities needed for the job market. Formal education helps people acquire qualifications, while also developing soft skills valued by employers such as problem-solving, communication, and teamwork.
Curriculum models and types
This document discusses the importance of education in empowering individuals and societies. It notes that education provides skills and knowledge that allow people to lead more productive lives and contribute more to their communities and economies. The document advocates for ensuring universal access to quality primary and secondary education as the foundation for sustainable development.
Curriculum change and innovation
Curriculum innovation is a modification of what was existing before the development of ideas practices, belief that are fundamentally new.
Curriculum of higher education in pakistan
Education plays a vital role in nation building.
Federal Ministry of Education is responsible for the national cohesion, integration and preservation of the ideological foundation of the states. curriculum development process in Pakistan.
Key elements of curricula
Evidence of the common curricula framework
Subject specific goals
Grade specific outcomes and indicators
Throughlines
First Nations, Metis and Inuit
Basic components in developing a curriculum
Education is purposeful. It is concerned with outcomes that are expressed at several levels:
AIMS – the most general level
GOALS – reflect the purpose with some outcomes in mind, Less broader to Aims.
OBJECTIVES – reflect the most specific level of educational outcomes
Economical foundation of curriculum
Curriculum development is a complex and highly specialized field which requires technical competence, the ability to comprehend curricular problems and an understanding of development in different countries of the world.
For More Relevant Presentation Visit my Website:
http://jobsforworld.blogspot.com/2015/12/presentation-of-education.html
Types of curriculum
Types of Curriculum, Hidden Curriculum, Null Curriculum, Activity-based curriculum, teacher center curriculum, student center curriculum, phantom curriculum, core curriculum, written curriculum,
For More Relevant Presentation Visit my Website:
http://jobsforworld.blogspot.com/2015/12/presentation-of-education.html
Compare and contract perennialism and essentialism
For More Relevant Presentation Visit my Website:
http://jobsforworld.blogspot.com/2015/12/presentation-of-education.html
Experimental Psychology
experimental psychology history, experimental psychology lecture, beginning of experimental psychology, experimental method in psychology in English, experimental psychology introduction, a level psychology experimental method, nature of experimental psychology, experimental psychology overview
For More Relevant Presentation Visit my Website:
http://jobsforworld.blogspot.com/2015/12/presentation-of-education.html
More from University of the Punjab (10)
Compare and contract perennialism and essentialism
Compare and contract perennialism and essentialism
Recently uploaded
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Types of Herbal Cosmetics its standardization.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdMain Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Recently uploaded (20)
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...