Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
This PPT is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester II.
For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
This document will help you and will clear your concepts about the terms of Orthogenesis, Allometry & Adaptive Radiations, which are usually studied in evolution.
Two broad categories of behaviors are Proximate and Ultimate behaviour. The presentation gives a brief introduction on Proximate and Ultimate causes of behaviour
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
This PPT is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester II.
For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
This document will help you and will clear your concepts about the terms of Orthogenesis, Allometry & Adaptive Radiations, which are usually studied in evolution.
Two broad categories of behaviors are Proximate and Ultimate behaviour. The presentation gives a brief introduction on Proximate and Ultimate causes of behaviour
Decoding the Jumping Spider Diet: What Do These Tiny Hunters Feast On?Get2 knowthis
Jumping spiders, with their agile movements and keen eyesight, are fascinating creatures that often captivate the curious minds of nature enthusiasts and researchers alike. One of the aspects that piques interest is their diet. Despite their diminutive size, jumping spiders are voracious predators, preying on a variety of small insects and arthropods. In this blog post, we delve into the intricate world of jumping spider diet, exploring what these tiny hunters feast on and the strategies they employ to secure their meals.
Unveiling the Gourmet World of Mice_ An In-Depth Exploration of Their Dietary...Beyond news
Mice, those agile and intelligent creatures, have captured the curiosity of humans for generations. Beyond their intriguing behaviors and nimble movements, their dietary habits offer a captivating glimpse into their survival strategies. In this comprehensive article, we'll embark on a journey to uncover what do mice eat, examining their adaptable diets and the factors that drive their food choices.
Food selection depends on the energy strategy of the feeder. The food size, quantity and quality varies with species to species and also depends on the ability of feeder, its body size etc.
Feeders are either specialists or opportunists. Food selection depends on competitive principle, learned aversion and food energy budget.
1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the e.pdfanupamselection
1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the earth, accounting for about
95% of all animal species. They have been around for millions of years and occupy just about
every kind of habitat you can think of. Mnay invertebrates are useful to man like bees which give
honey.silk worms which give silk, some are used as food and some are considered as pests
responsible for destroying crops. Sampling invertebrates rquires standard protocols as these
creatures are quite delicate and need to be handled carefully.
2. Qualitative sampling enables researchers to have a deeper understanding of the phenomenon
they are studying. They identify the presence or absence.
Quantitative sampling gives us the number / amount of substance we are studying
Semi quantitative sampling shows the amount of substance relative to the threshold.
4. Ontogenetic shift is the space an individul needs as it gets older. This is related to the
distribution of individuals juveniles have clustered arrangement, random arrangement when they
grow and regular arrangement when they are adults.
6. Quantitative assessment of diet.
Assessing current intake. -
24-hour recalls
estimated food records
·weighed food records.
Assessing past intake -
dietary history
food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ).
Solution
1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the earth, accounting for about
95% of all animal species. They have been around for millions of years and occupy just about
every kind of habitat you can think of. Mnay invertebrates are useful to man like bees which give
honey.silk worms which give silk, some are used as food and some are considered as pests
responsible for destroying crops. Sampling invertebrates rquires standard protocols as these
creatures are quite delicate and need to be handled carefully.
2. Qualitative sampling enables researchers to have a deeper understanding of the phenomenon
they are studying. They identify the presence or absence.
Quantitative sampling gives us the number / amount of substance we are studying
Semi quantitative sampling shows the amount of substance relative to the threshold.
4. Ontogenetic shift is the space an individul needs as it gets older. This is related to the
distribution of individuals juveniles have clustered arrangement, random arrangement when they
grow and regular arrangement when they are adults.
6. Quantitative assessment of diet.
Assessing current intake. -
24-hour recalls
estimated food records
·weighed food records.
Assessing past intake -
dietary history
food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ)..
Commonly used European and western country used that predatory mite.
In especially green house crops to manage phytophagous mite along with thrips.
Predatory mites deserve special mention in an agricultural country like India, where agriculture is always under threat of constant pest attack.
Predatory mites of the family phytoseiidae constitute a highly significant beneficial group on account of their vital role in the maintenance of pest population below EIL.
Predatory mites are now valued with growers worldwide as natural enemies that provide effective pest control in green house and on agricultural crops
Phytoseiid mites have received global attention since the 1950’s.
The species of Phytoseiidae are potentially important as a biotic factor in the control of phytophagous mites particularly Tetranychid and Eriophid mites.
Mass multiplication
21 Pros and Cons of ZoosJune 4, 2017 by Louise Gaill.docxstandfordabbot
21 Pros and Cons of Zoos
June 4, 2017 by
Louise Gaille
Zoos go by several different official names. They can be called “animal parks,” “menageries,” or “zoological gardens.” Despite the different names, each offers visitors the chance to view animals that are confined in an enclosure. Many zoos have breeding programs in place to help eliminate genetic bottlenecks, especially when dealing with an endangered species.
Zoos have been part of our human history from the very beginning when early humans began documenting what happened to them. One of the oldest known zoos was discovered in Egypt in 2009 and was believed to have existed in 3,500 BC. Evidence of elephants, wildcats, baboons, and hippopotami were discovered at the location.
The benefit of having a local zoo is that it gives people an opportunity to learn more about the animals and nature. It is a way to engage children in science, bring families together, and help save certain animal species that are close to extinction.
As for the disadvantages of a zoo, the facilities that are offered can be abused for personal or political gain. One of the earliest zoos in the Western Hemisphere didn’t feature animals. It featured people that had different physical traits, such as having dwarfism or albinism. Even the Catholic Church has a zoo which feature a collection of people from different races and tribes as late as the 16th century.
Ota Benga was part of a human exhibit at zoos in the United States as late as 1906, in St. Louis and the Bronx Zoo.
The pros and cons of zoos are important to consider from a modern standpoint. Our views about zoos may have changed, but is it still ethical to support animal captivity?
What Are the Pros of Having Zoos?
1. Zoos provide an educational resource.The modern zoo plays a critical role in education children and families about the different animals with whom we share this planet. Staff from a zoo will travel to local schools to make presentations, offer special programs on the zoo grounds, and partner with community providers to extend educational opportunities to everyone. No matter what a person’s socioeconomic status may be, there is a chance to learn something new because of the work of a zoo.
2. A zoo provides a protected environment for endangered animals.There are several animals which are poached frequently because of certain items. Having a zoo provides these animals with a safer place to live because they are behind multiple levels of protection. Although poachers have been able to break into zoos to take animals in the past, this is not a frequent occurrence and is normally not successful when it does occur.
3. Zoos can provide a place for the humane treatment of rare animals.One of the best examples of this is the Przewalski horse. In 1945, there were 13 horses that were captured from the wild and placed into a zoo. The last Przewalski horse was seen in the wild in 1966. Because of extensive breeding programs and an effort to reint.
Somalian sheep and goat behavior:
Feeding behavior.
Social behavior.
Sexual behavior.
Parental behavior.
Drinking and excretory behavior.
Exploratory behavior.
Conflict behavior.
Sleep behavior.
Aggression and fear behavior etc.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
5. Introduction
Decision of Foraging
Factors influencing for Foraging
Types of Foraging
Contents
5
6. Behavior
“It refers to the activities animals perform
during their lifetime, including locomotion,
feeding, breeding, capture of prey, avoidance
of predator, and social behavior”.
6
12. Learning
• An animal consuming new food, or
using a new foraging technique in
response to their dynamic living
environment.
• Observing and learning from other
members of the group ensure that the
younger members of the group learn
what is safe to eat and become
proficient foragers.
12
13. A troop of olive baboons (Papio anubis) foraging . Young
primates learn from elders in their group about proper
foraging
13
14. Genetics
The genes associated with foraging
behavior have been widely studied
in honeybees with reference to the
following; onset of foraging
behavior, task division between
foragers and workers, and bias in
foraging for either pollen or nectar.
14
16. Predation
Predation refers to the presence of
predators while an animal is
foraging.
In general, foragers balance the
risk of predation with their needs,
thus deviating from the foraging
behavior that would be expected
in the absence of predators.
16
18. Parasitism
Animals might simply avoid food items
that increase their risk of being
parasitized, as when the prey items are
intermediate hosts of parasites.
Animals might also avoid areas that
would expose them to a high risk of
parasitism.
18
23. Foraging Strategies
“sit and wait” (ambush predator -
uses primarily visual cues,
movement)
Advantages - expend little energy, not seen
by predators
Disadvantages - how often does food come
along?
“active predators” (hunters - use
visual and olfactory cues)
23
