Presented by Breeding and genetics (Aynalem Haile and Joram Mwacharo), Reproduction, (Mourad Mourad Rekik) Feed (Jane Wamatu) Health (Solomon Gizaw) and Markets (Girma Tesfahun) at the SmaRT Ethiopia workshop and field day on Small Ruminant Community Based Breeding Program (CBBP), Hosaena, Ethiopia, 27–28 March 2018
Developing innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to livestock ...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the 12th World Conference on Animal Production (WCAP), Vancouver, Canada, 5-8 July 2018
Innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to dairy cattle genetic...ILRI
Presented by R. Mrode, J. Ojango, Ekine Chinyere, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the Strategic Interest Research Group Meeting on Genetic Improvement of Livestock II, IITA, Ibadan, 2-3 September 2019
Clinical Decision Making with Machine LearningSri Ambati
YouTube video:
https://youtu.be/AfEtluZIDnY
In this talk, Oleksii Barash Ph.D., IVF Laboratory Research Director at the Reproductive Science Center of the San Francisco Bay Area, discussed his team’s approach to applying machine learning for decision making during infertility treatment. Oleksii also gave a quick overview of how he uses Driverless AI to build models for predicting IVF outcomes.
Speaker's Bio:
Oleksii believes that evidence-based clinical decisions will greatly improve the efficiency and safety of the medicine. He received his Master degree in Clinical Embryology from University of Leeds (UK) and Ph.D. in Cell Biology. The ultimate goal of his findings is to essentially transform medical records into medical knowledge.
Overview of the Dairy Genetics East Africa (DGEA) projectILRI
Presented by John P. Gibson, Ed Rege, Okeyo Mwai, Julie Ojango at the Dairy Genetics East Africa (DGEA) Project 2013 Grand Challenges Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 28-30 October 2013
Draft chicken performance testing protocols: Deliberations with country teams ILRI
Presented by Fasil Getachew, Tadelle Dessie, Jasmine Bruno and Jane Pool at the Second ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Arusha, 27-28 January 2016
Presented by Breeding and genetics (Aynalem Haile and Joram Mwacharo), Reproduction, (Mourad Mourad Rekik) Feed (Jane Wamatu) Health (Solomon Gizaw) and Markets (Girma Tesfahun) at the SmaRT Ethiopia workshop and field day on Small Ruminant Community Based Breeding Program (CBBP), Hosaena, Ethiopia, 27–28 March 2018
Developing innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to livestock ...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the 12th World Conference on Animal Production (WCAP), Vancouver, Canada, 5-8 July 2018
Innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to dairy cattle genetic...ILRI
Presented by R. Mrode, J. Ojango, Ekine Chinyere, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the Strategic Interest Research Group Meeting on Genetic Improvement of Livestock II, IITA, Ibadan, 2-3 September 2019
Clinical Decision Making with Machine LearningSri Ambati
YouTube video:
https://youtu.be/AfEtluZIDnY
In this talk, Oleksii Barash Ph.D., IVF Laboratory Research Director at the Reproductive Science Center of the San Francisco Bay Area, discussed his team’s approach to applying machine learning for decision making during infertility treatment. Oleksii also gave a quick overview of how he uses Driverless AI to build models for predicting IVF outcomes.
Speaker's Bio:
Oleksii believes that evidence-based clinical decisions will greatly improve the efficiency and safety of the medicine. He received his Master degree in Clinical Embryology from University of Leeds (UK) and Ph.D. in Cell Biology. The ultimate goal of his findings is to essentially transform medical records into medical knowledge.
Overview of the Dairy Genetics East Africa (DGEA) projectILRI
Presented by John P. Gibson, Ed Rege, Okeyo Mwai, Julie Ojango at the Dairy Genetics East Africa (DGEA) Project 2013 Grand Challenges Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 28-30 October 2013
Draft chicken performance testing protocols: Deliberations with country teams ILRI
Presented by Fasil Getachew, Tadelle Dessie, Jasmine Bruno and Jane Pool at the Second ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Arusha, 27-28 January 2016
Miracles Fertility & IVF Clinic is well-known for its outstanding quality and patient care services. We consistently get highest satisfaction ratings from our patients.
Presented by Getnet Assefa (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research) at the Third ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Abuja, Nigeria, 2 December 2016
Dr. Jeff Ondrak - Trichomoniasis Overview – The Disease, History, & ManagementJohn Blue
Trichomoniasis Overview – The Disease, History, & Management - Dr. Jeff Ondrak, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
The application of pooled milk for foot-and-mouth disease surveillance in Nak...EuFMD
The 2018 Open Session of the EuFMD Standing Technical Committee was held in Borgo Egnazia - Italy, 29-31 October 2018 . The session theme was on global vaccine security
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against Foot-and-mouth Disease.
Improving livestock productivity and resilience in Africa: Application of gen...ILRI
Presented by Julie Ojango, Yumi Mingyan, Raphael Mrode and Okeyo Mwai at the Workshop on Animal Genetic Research for Africa (Biosciences for Farming in Africa), Nairobi, 10-11 September 2015
Dr. Mark Allen - Present & Future: Bovine Genetic & Reproductive TechnologiesJohn Blue
Present & Future: Bovine Genetic & Reproductive Technologies - Dr. Mark Allan, Director Marketing and Genomics, Trans Ova Genetics, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Dr. Daniel Linhares - PRRS Field Applicable Research UpdateJohn Blue
PRRS Field Applicable Research Update - Dr. Daniel Linhares, Iowa State University,, from the 2017 North American PRRS/National Swine Improvement Federation Joint Meeting, December 1‐3, 2017, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-north-american-prrs-nsif-joint-meeting
Miracles Fertility & IVF Clinic is well-known for its outstanding quality and patient care services. We consistently get highest satisfaction ratings from our patients.
Presented by Getnet Assefa (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research) at the Third ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Abuja, Nigeria, 2 December 2016
Dr. Jeff Ondrak - Trichomoniasis Overview – The Disease, History, & ManagementJohn Blue
Trichomoniasis Overview – The Disease, History, & Management - Dr. Jeff Ondrak, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
The application of pooled milk for foot-and-mouth disease surveillance in Nak...EuFMD
The 2018 Open Session of the EuFMD Standing Technical Committee was held in Borgo Egnazia - Italy, 29-31 October 2018 . The session theme was on global vaccine security
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against Foot-and-mouth Disease.
Improving livestock productivity and resilience in Africa: Application of gen...ILRI
Presented by Julie Ojango, Yumi Mingyan, Raphael Mrode and Okeyo Mwai at the Workshop on Animal Genetic Research for Africa (Biosciences for Farming in Africa), Nairobi, 10-11 September 2015
Dr. Mark Allen - Present & Future: Bovine Genetic & Reproductive TechnologiesJohn Blue
Present & Future: Bovine Genetic & Reproductive Technologies - Dr. Mark Allan, Director Marketing and Genomics, Trans Ova Genetics, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Dr. Daniel Linhares - PRRS Field Applicable Research UpdateJohn Blue
PRRS Field Applicable Research Update - Dr. Daniel Linhares, Iowa State University,, from the 2017 North American PRRS/National Swine Improvement Federation Joint Meeting, December 1‐3, 2017, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-north-american-prrs-nsif-joint-meeting
Artificial intelligence and reproductive Medicine.pptxG A RAMA Raju
PowerPoint slides and provides an overview of the critical role of AI in reproductive medicine. It highlights the technological advancements, case studies, and ethical considerations, painting a comprehensive picture of this exciting intersection of technology and healthcare.
A platform for testing, delivering, and continuously improving tropically-ada...ILRI
Presented by Tadelle Dessie at the Technology for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) Small Ruminants Value Chain Inception Meeting, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2018
Dr. Jason Ross - Improving Sow SurvivabilityJohn Blue
Improving Sow Survivability - Dr. Jason Ross, Iowa State University, From the 2018 World Pork Expo, June 6 - 8, 2018, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-world-pork-expo
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Reproductive interventions for more efficient sheep and goats breeding programs
1. Reproductive interventions for more efficient
sheep and goats breeding programs
Mourad Rekik (ICARDA)
Mid-Term Livestock Genetics Flagship Meeting, ILRI, Nairobi, 5-6 September 2017
2. State of the art of reproduction of
Ethiopian sheep breeds
3. Low Reproductive Performances
Local breeds have been little selected for improved productivity including
reproduction
Low dependency on photoperiod but seasonality geared by other
environmental factors for some breeds
Delayed puberty and sexual maturity
High prevalence of diseases
Large phenotypic variability of litter size
Variable lambing rates and overall tendency to be low
Take-off of the best performing animals
Slaughter of pregnant animals
4.
5. Rams’ breeding soundness in all CBBP locations:
release of fit rams
- Systematic examination of selected ram
lambs
- Regular examination for each batch of
selected rams
- General clinical exam
- General health and body condition
- Detailed exam of the integrity of the
reproductive organs
- Semen and libido assessment towards full
reproductive certification
6. Consequences for intensity of selection
79
8 8
2 3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Normal Undersized Suspicion of
epididymitis
Cryptochrid Adhesion
Frequency of the aspect of testicles
Frequency
7. Field Solution for the Artificial Insemination of
Ethiopian Sheep Breeds
Breeding for future
generations…
8. The community based breeding program (CBBP) in Ethiopia: not only a history
of 8 years of community mobilization but also of a steady genetic progress
Participatory breeding –
decentralized breeding plans
and programs;
Improvement programs
carried out by communities of
smallholder farmers often at
subsistence level;
Community based breeding
relies on proper consideration
of farmers, breeding
objectives, infrastructure,
participation and ownership.
Menz Horro Bonga
Overall 0.14± 0.006 0.31± 0.060 0.26± 0.058
2009 0.07± 0.017 -0.07±0.266
2010 0.08± 0.013 -0.03±0.143 0.18± 0.189
2011 0.11± 0.014 0.06± 0.095 0.22± 0.158
2012 0.13± 0.015 0.24± 0.082 0.24± 0.139
2013 0.20± 0.016 0.36± 0.086 0.35± 0.112
2014 0.25± 0.014 0.28± 0.079 0.46± 0.082
2015 0.14± 0.027 0.52± 0.097 0.32± 0.065
2016 0.78± 0.339 0.38± 0.209
Estimated BV for six months weight
9. Year round breeding activity: accelerated reproduction &
catalyzer to hasten genetic progress
Bonga Totally
aseasonal
1.4 litter size 8 months
lambing
interval
Doyogena Totally
aseasonal
1.3-1.4 litter
size
8 months
lambing
interval
Menz Sexually less
active
during the
wet season
1.1 litter size 10 months
lambing
interval
10. Development of a field solution for sheep insemination:
Towards up/out-scaling CBBP’s
• Rams’ selection and training;
• Synchronization preceded by ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis in
small-mixed flocks to discard pregnant females;
• Simple, low-cost synchronization options;
• Use of fresh semen, collected, assessed, diluted and used at 35 ˚C;
• Cervical AI of sheep after synchronization;
• Low infrastructure field labs;
• Simple manual straw filling devices.
11. Ewes’ selection for synchronization
• Selection of adult ewes;
• Successfully lambed previous
season;
• Not suckling;
• Body condition score > 2.5;
• Synchronization preceded by
ultrasound pregnancy
diagnosis in small-mixed
flocks to discard pregnant
females.
12. Different synchronization options
Conventional synthetic progestogen + eCG (PMSG)
1
5
Progestrone levels (ng/ml)
Sponges left in
11 - 14 days
eCG 300
I.U.
LH
Oestradi
ol
Ovulation
Corpus luteum
(Progesterone)
Time
+ 48 h AI 52-55 h
Sponges in
OESTRUS
Sponges out
2
days
0
5
10
15
2 10 18 26 34 42 54 74
Numberofewes
Hours of onset of oestrus
100%
13. Day 0: PGF2α analogue
dinoprost 1 ml Enzaprost
Day 11: PGF2α analogue
dinoprost 1 ml Enzaprost
0
2
4
6
8
2 10 18 26 34 42 54 74
Numberofewes
Hours of onset of oestrus
AI: 55-57 h after
second injection
79%
14. Day 0: GnRH
analogue
gonadorelin
1 ml Cystoreline
Day 6: PGF2α analogue
dinoprost
1 ml Enzaprost
0
2
4
6
8
10
2 10 18 26 34 42 54 74
Numberofewes
Hours of onset of oestrus
AI: 32-36 h after
second injection of
GnRH
Day 9: GnRH analogue
gonadorelin
1 ml Cystoreline
73%
15. Safer, accessible and affordable synchronization
alternatives
Using a simple protocol of 2 injections of a prostaglandin analogue 11
days apart:
Increased fertility to 89% compared to only 70% with the standard
protocol after natural mating,
Levels of synchronization of estrus were satisfactory to allow fixed time
artificial insemination,
The cost of the new protocol is US$ 1.3 compared to US$ 8.5 for the
conventional protocol,
The new protocol is based on products registered and available in the
Ethiopian market unlike the products which form the conventional
protocol.
16. 0
1
2
3
10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50
Numberofewes
Hours of onset of oestrus
PGF I
PGF II
Further simplifying to one single injection of a PGF2α analogue
and to a 7-days interval between PGF2α injections
17. Capacity development
Upgrading local infrastructure in 4 sheep sites in synergy with the national system.
Established reproductive platforms are providing the following services:
1. Males’ breeding soundness examination
2. Artificial insemination with fresh, non-cooled semen
3. Ultrasound service provision for pregnancy diagnosis
Inauguration of the Doyogenna platform
18. On-job training
- Delivered to at least 40 staff members of the
national institutions in different locations
- Breeding soundness examination
- Semen collection, assessment and handling for
fresh AI
- Semen deposition
- Data recording
- Ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis
- 2 core teams in Doyogenna and Debre Birhan
fully autonomous and supervising AI’s in the new
locations
19. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock
livestock.cgiar.org
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock aims to increase the productivity of productivity of livestock agri-food
systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and eggs more available and affordable across the developing world.
This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
The program thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to the
CGIAR system