Presented by Okeyo A.M., R. Mrode, J. Ojango, J. Gibson, M. Chagunda, Negussie Enyew, E. Kefena, E. Lyatuu, S. Kahumbu and S. Kemp at the Mid-Term Livestock Genetics Flagship Meeting, ILRI, Nairobi, 5-6 September 2017
NPCBB National Project for Cattle and Buffalo BreedingNisha Aravindan
Genetic improvement in bovines is a long term activity and Government of India has initiated a major programme “National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding” (NPCBB) from October 2000
Overview of the Dairy Genetics East Africa (DGEA) projectILRI
Presented by John P. Gibson, Ed Rege, Okeyo Mwai, Julie Ojango at the Dairy Genetics East Africa (DGEA) Project 2013 Grand Challenges Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 28-30 October 2013
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Update on Global o...ICRISAT
Dr Rajeev K Varshney updated on the key points on Global open breeding informatics initiative project; Translating genomics information for crop improvement, Genomic resources and cost-effective genotyping platforms are made available with precise phenotyping, user friendly pipelines and decision support tools developed for use in Breeding programs.
Wheat: A founder Crop of the CGIAR- Where does it fit in the New CGIAR?CIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Wayne Powell (CGIAR Consortium) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Draft chicken performance testing protocols: Deliberations with country teams ILRI
Presented by Fasil Getachew, Tadelle Dessie, Jasmine Bruno and Jane Pool at the Second ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Arusha, 27-28 January 2016
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Update on Sequenci...ICRISAT
A range of marker genotyping platforms have been made available to breeders/ researchers from ICRISAT and NARS from all regions. It will be great if CESGB/SISU can be upgraded with new machines. GTD/FB colleagues developing new marker genotyping platforms- mid-density SNP arrays. Therefore, researchers and breeders are encouraged to avail sequencing and genotyping facilities from SISU to accelerate their research and modernize breeding programs.
NPCBB National Project for Cattle and Buffalo BreedingNisha Aravindan
Genetic improvement in bovines is a long term activity and Government of India has initiated a major programme “National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding” (NPCBB) from October 2000
Overview of the Dairy Genetics East Africa (DGEA) projectILRI
Presented by John P. Gibson, Ed Rege, Okeyo Mwai, Julie Ojango at the Dairy Genetics East Africa (DGEA) Project 2013 Grand Challenges Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 28-30 October 2013
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Update on Global o...ICRISAT
Dr Rajeev K Varshney updated on the key points on Global open breeding informatics initiative project; Translating genomics information for crop improvement, Genomic resources and cost-effective genotyping platforms are made available with precise phenotyping, user friendly pipelines and decision support tools developed for use in Breeding programs.
Wheat: A founder Crop of the CGIAR- Where does it fit in the New CGIAR?CIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Wayne Powell (CGIAR Consortium) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Draft chicken performance testing protocols: Deliberations with country teams ILRI
Presented by Fasil Getachew, Tadelle Dessie, Jasmine Bruno and Jane Pool at the Second ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Arusha, 27-28 January 2016
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Update on Sequenci...ICRISAT
A range of marker genotyping platforms have been made available to breeders/ researchers from ICRISAT and NARS from all regions. It will be great if CESGB/SISU can be upgraded with new machines. GTD/FB colleagues developing new marker genotyping platforms- mid-density SNP arrays. Therefore, researchers and breeders are encouraged to avail sequencing and genotyping facilities from SISU to accelerate their research and modernize breeding programs.
Industry executives need a 'real time real data' tool for: monitor standard production , food safety traceability, worker performance and smart alarms in real time. This can be found in new expensive barns yet to have this on an old farming operation with low tech barns like in 80% of the market, is almost impossible without extensive expenses and complex installations of several control boxes.
Farmers and field professionals on the other hand resist any monitoring technology, as it provides a real picture of what is really going on in the barn at any moment and the real cause of many of the performance gap's – it will reflect bad on any mistake they daily make and show any alarm miss treated. Executives can look back in time on reports looking and analyzing data as well as real time managing from office HQ to farm and animals.
Reports today are manual and late, as is managing of the growing environment – farmer can adjust files and business owner can only trust his farmers to perform by protocol – this is not happening as to human character and farm logistics.
No plan today - connecting farming sites to fast free internet for live data to barns.
80% of the growing time is going with no problems using todays standard off the shelf products - Problems caused at 20% of the time are responsible for 80% of the economic damage to the industry that is in old barns.
smart management of Chicken farms agriculture can support poultry growing management and insure performance.
Our system can today go into: broiler \ egg \ turkey \ mother flock farms and needs only 1 SIM for a full farm with many barns – sending only SMS from this SIM to a local number.
A 1 box system to manage and control the:
growing environment by showing temp to farmer and manager, manage feeding and drinking quality via sensors, as well as animal welfare- via feeding patterns for every minute and workers performance as well as electric power down to barn.
What will the client get in the MR Box?
Controlled environment – Temp&humidity- in &out of the barn to better ventilate by men operating the fan as requested . On cloud and in barn.
Feed weight –no load cells needed – via smart motor time – very accurate – on cloud and in barn.
Water drinking monitor – amount and water quality sensor. On cloud and in barn.
Intelligent feeding – will take FCR down in compere to any other feeding controller – in barn.
Informative alarms will allow farmer and manager to have real time data on web and SMS – to avoid performance gap's done by late reaction to malfunction of one of the growing parameters on site.
Welfare monitoring – allowing close watch over flocks feeding patterns that can alarm of a sick flock – allowing vaccination on time to save the production value or early marketing to save FCR. On cloud UI.
Worker monitoring – the workers environment becomes visible and time to fix an alarm is measurable. On clo
Developing innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to livestock ...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the 12th World Conference on Animal Production (WCAP), Vancouver, Canada, 5-8 July 2018
Introducing the African Chicken Genetic Gains project: A platform for testing...ILRI
Presented by Tekelyohannes Berhanu, South Agricultural Research Institute, at the First ACGG Ethiopia Innovation Platform Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 3-4 August 2015
The application of several genomic models for the analysis of small holde...ILRI
Presented by R. Mrode, H. Aliloo, C. Ekine, J. Ojango, D., J.P. Gibson and M. Okeyo at the Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 22-24 June 2019
Transforming smallholder chicken production in NigeriaILRI
Presented by African Chicken Genetic Gains-Nigeria at the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology's Science, Technology and Innovation Expo 2017, Abuja, 3-7 April 2017
Presented by Getnet Assefa (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research) at the Third ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Abuja, Nigeria, 2 December 2016
Xero Farming in the Cloud presentation from Xerocon NZ 2014. Hosted by Xero NZ Sales and Product Lead Ben Richmond and featuring Xero add-on partners KPMG, Figured on Farm, LIC and Receipt Bank.
Xero is beautiful online accounting software that connects small businesses and their accountants together in the cloud.
Innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to dairy cattle genetic...ILRI
Presented by R. Mrode, J. Ojango, Ekine Chinyere, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the Strategic Interest Research Group Meeting on Genetic Improvement of Livestock II, IITA, Ibadan, 2-3 September 2019
Mining large amounts of existing crop, soil, and climate data, and analyzing new, non-experimental data can help optimize production and make agriculture more resilient to climate change.
Potential application of lessons from dairy genetics into beef: Lessons from ...ILRI
Presented by Okeyo Mwai, Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu and Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes at the CTLGH-ACIAR Convening workshop, Nairobi, 30 September 2022
Industry executives need a 'real time real data' tool for: monitor standard production , food safety traceability, worker performance and smart alarms in real time. This can be found in new expensive barns yet to have this on an old farming operation with low tech barns like in 80% of the market, is almost impossible without extensive expenses and complex installations of several control boxes.
Farmers and field professionals on the other hand resist any monitoring technology, as it provides a real picture of what is really going on in the barn at any moment and the real cause of many of the performance gap's – it will reflect bad on any mistake they daily make and show any alarm miss treated. Executives can look back in time on reports looking and analyzing data as well as real time managing from office HQ to farm and animals.
Reports today are manual and late, as is managing of the growing environment – farmer can adjust files and business owner can only trust his farmers to perform by protocol – this is not happening as to human character and farm logistics.
No plan today - connecting farming sites to fast free internet for live data to barns.
80% of the growing time is going with no problems using todays standard off the shelf products - Problems caused at 20% of the time are responsible for 80% of the economic damage to the industry that is in old barns.
smart management of Chicken farms agriculture can support poultry growing management and insure performance.
Our system can today go into: broiler \ egg \ turkey \ mother flock farms and needs only 1 SIM for a full farm with many barns – sending only SMS from this SIM to a local number.
A 1 box system to manage and control the:
growing environment by showing temp to farmer and manager, manage feeding and drinking quality via sensors, as well as animal welfare- via feeding patterns for every minute and workers performance as well as electric power down to barn.
What will the client get in the MR Box?
Controlled environment – Temp&humidity- in &out of the barn to better ventilate by men operating the fan as requested . On cloud and in barn.
Feed weight –no load cells needed – via smart motor time – very accurate – on cloud and in barn.
Water drinking monitor – amount and water quality sensor. On cloud and in barn.
Intelligent feeding – will take FCR down in compere to any other feeding controller – in barn.
Informative alarms will allow farmer and manager to have real time data on web and SMS – to avoid performance gap's done by late reaction to malfunction of one of the growing parameters on site.
Welfare monitoring – allowing close watch over flocks feeding patterns that can alarm of a sick flock – allowing vaccination on time to save the production value or early marketing to save FCR. On cloud UI.
Worker monitoring – the workers environment becomes visible and time to fix an alarm is measurable. On clo
Developing innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to livestock ...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the 12th World Conference on Animal Production (WCAP), Vancouver, Canada, 5-8 July 2018
Introducing the African Chicken Genetic Gains project: A platform for testing...ILRI
Presented by Tekelyohannes Berhanu, South Agricultural Research Institute, at the First ACGG Ethiopia Innovation Platform Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 3-4 August 2015
The application of several genomic models for the analysis of small holde...ILRI
Presented by R. Mrode, H. Aliloo, C. Ekine, J. Ojango, D., J.P. Gibson and M. Okeyo at the Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 22-24 June 2019
Transforming smallholder chicken production in NigeriaILRI
Presented by African Chicken Genetic Gains-Nigeria at the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology's Science, Technology and Innovation Expo 2017, Abuja, 3-7 April 2017
Presented by Getnet Assefa (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research) at the Third ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Abuja, Nigeria, 2 December 2016
Xero Farming in the Cloud presentation from Xerocon NZ 2014. Hosted by Xero NZ Sales and Product Lead Ben Richmond and featuring Xero add-on partners KPMG, Figured on Farm, LIC and Receipt Bank.
Xero is beautiful online accounting software that connects small businesses and their accountants together in the cloud.
Innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to dairy cattle genetic...ILRI
Presented by R. Mrode, J. Ojango, Ekine Chinyere, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the Strategic Interest Research Group Meeting on Genetic Improvement of Livestock II, IITA, Ibadan, 2-3 September 2019
Mining large amounts of existing crop, soil, and climate data, and analyzing new, non-experimental data can help optimize production and make agriculture more resilient to climate change.
Potential application of lessons from dairy genetics into beef: Lessons from ...ILRI
Presented by Okeyo Mwai, Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu and Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes at the CTLGH-ACIAR Convening workshop, Nairobi, 30 September 2022
The role of reliable data collection systems for improved livestock genetics ...ILRI
Presented by Julie Ojango and Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu at the Workshop on sustainable development of Burundi's dairy sector--Partners of the regional integrated agricultural development in the great lakes (PRDAIGL) project workshop, Burundi, 2–3 November 2022
Opportunities for improving dairy production in Burundi: Experience from the ...ILRI
Presented by Julie Ojango and Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu at the Workshop on sustainable development of Burundi's dairy sector--Partners of the regional integrated agricultural development in the great lakes (PRDAIGL) project workshop, Burundi, 2–3 November 2022
National performance and plan for AI activities and servicesILRI
Presented by Demere F/Mariam at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
A platform for testing, delivering, and continuously improving tropically-ada...ILRI
Presented by Tadelle Dessie at the Technology for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) Small Ruminants Value Chain Inception Meeting, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2018
Presented by Tigabu Araya at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
Innovative application of ICT tools for paperless data capture and feedback i...ILRI
Presented by A.M. Okeyo, J.M.K. Ojango, R. Mrode, C. Quiros., J.P. Gibson., E. Kefena, J. Besufekad., E. Lyatuu, G. Msuta, S. Kahumbu, H.N. Nyakundi, D. Mogaka and E. Oyieng at the All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Ghana, July 2019
Artificial Insemination service provision started 19 years ago in Mekelle and Adigrat towns of Tigray region. Currently AI service is given by 70 AI technicians in 33 districts & town, at 52 breeding units and one farm (TDA farm).
Artificial Insemination service provision started 19 years ago in Mekelle and Adigrat towns of Tigray region. Currently AI service is given by 70 AI technicians in 33 districts & town, at 52 breeding units and one farm (TDA farm).
Farm Management System - Delivering a Precision Agriculture SolutionHPCC Systems
Jeff Bradshaw & Graeme McCracken, RBI, present at the 2016 HPCC Systems Engineering Summit Community Day.
In this session, we will share our use case on how we have collected data from remote Farm Management Systems (used by the Farmers/Growers to manage their farms), and overlaying that with weather data and actual machinery data (IoT) and using this data to feed Agronomists and Crop Protection/Seed Manufacturers to get recommendations back. The goal is to deliver a precision agriculture solution which helps the Farmer to increase his yield and helps us to feed the growing population of the world.
Jeff Bradshaw is the founder of Adaptris and Group CTO of Adaptris/F4F/DBT within Reed Business Information. He has spent his career integrating data wherever it resides and in-flight across a number of industries including Agriculture, Airlines, Telecommunications, Healthcare, Government and Finance.
Jeff has worked with and contributed to a number of international standards bodies and continues to work with large enterprises to help them extract value from their data silos and share data seamlessly with their trading partners to achieve business benefit. For the last few years Jeff has been focusing on Big Data and how to gather that across a wide range of sources to help gain insight into the agri-food supply chain.
Graeme is the Chief Operating Officer for Proagrica, the global agricultural and animal health division within RELX covering Media, Software, Integration & Connectivity and Data & Analytics. Prior to this role, Graeme was the CEO of RELX’s Construction Data & Analytics business in North America with a background in data, product and IT innovation across a complex portfolio of companies in Europe, North America and Australasia.
Graeme has been in RELX for 24 years driving a range of strategic initiatives and building strong teams that are well motivated, involved and having fun. As part of overall strategic alignment, successfully delivered the divestment of a number of divisions whilst ensuring that these units were well set for the future. Impressive track record in transforming a range of business units across RELX and setting them on a successful growth path.
National Artificial Insemination Center (NAIC) of Ethiopia was established in 1981 with the objective of improving the milk productivity of the local cattle breeds,
Largest : annual production over 132 Million Tonnes.
Co-ops. : 17 state federations, 180 district milk unions, 13.41 million dairy farmers.
Now : Producers Companies & Private dairies are growing …. creating parallel dairy infrastructure.
NDP : To double the growth rate to become milk sufficient country by the year 2022 with target over 200 million tonnes milk production.…. and the technology partner from 33 years
Similar to Herd recording and farmer education using digital platforms are feasible and can be transformative in Africa (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Herd recording and farmer education using digital platforms are feasible and can be transformative in Africa
1. Platform for African Dairy Genetic Gains (ADGG)
Herd Recording and Farmer Education Using Digital Platforms are Feasible and can be
Transformative in Africa
Okeyo A.M., R. Mrode, J. Ojango, J. Gibson, M. Chagunda, Negussie Enyew, E. Kefena,
E. Lyatuu, S. Kahumbu and S. Kemp.
Mid-Term Livestock Genetics Flagship Meeting, ILRI, Nairobi, 5-6 September 2017
3. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Kgofmilkperday
Months in Milk
Figure 1: Realized lactation curves of improved (crossbred or higher) dairy cows achieved by
different farmer types in Kenya
Commercial/Intensive dairy farmers –
~6,500 kg/lactation --- ~2% of farmers
Best smallholder farmers - ~2,500
kg/lactation --- ~5% of farmers
Average smallholder farmers --- ~1,400
kg/lactation --- >90% of farmers
The gaps
to be filled
4. Yield gaps cont.
.
A. Exotic Cattle
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
MilkYieldperLactation(Kg)
Southern Africa West and Central
Africa
East Africa
208.5% 90.2% 157.0%
C. Indigenous Cattle
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
MilkYieldperLactation(Kg)
(Kg)
Southern Africa West and Central
Africa
East
Africa
170.1% 236.8% 199.1%
B. Crossbred Cattle
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
MilkYieldperLactation
(Kg)
Southern Africa West and Central
Africa
East Africa
132.0% 65.1%
312.6%
Mwacharo et al., 2009; Mario, 2016
5. The problems in the smallholder dairy systems
• Majority of farmers do not have access to information or
education and training services that would help them improve
herd productivity and system profitability.
• No effective formal performance recording and systemic &
sustainable breeding programs, so breed types kept are not
necessarily what is desired or desirable!
• Access to input, market services, including AI service that are
necessary for sustained productivity gains is inadequate.
• Limited access to the dairy genetics or breed types that best
suit the different production systems
6. To try and bridge the huge productivity gaps and
environmental challenges, transformative approaches
are needed
Fewer, but more productive & profitable cows should be kept!
Innovative applications of:
• Information & communication technologies
• Genomic technologies
• Reproductive technologies (AI as bundled private service)
• Smart Public-Private Partnerships
7. ADGG Objectives
1. To establish National Dairy Performance Recording Centers (DPRCs)
for herd and cow data collection, synthesis, genetic evaluation and
timely farmer-feedbacks (7 Sites in ET & TZ ;100,000 herds by year
3).
2. To develop & pilot an ICT platform (FFIP) to capture herd, cow level
& other related data & link it to DPRCs & feeds back key related
herd/cow summaries, dairy extension & market information etc.
(Feedbacks that objectively inform farmer decisions).
3. To develop low density genomic chip for breed composition
determination & related bull certification systems for crossbred bulls
(at least 20 young certified bulls drafted for semen production/natural
service per country)
9. Detailed data
DB
(cleaned)
ODK
Data Processing
Data in JSON moved
to MySQL DB
Processing
OK
Error
LogProcessing
not OK
Manual correction
JSON files are corrected
JSON
1
Automatic conversion
Submissions converted
as JSON files
Analytics
modules
Scripting analytics
R P
y
F
Field staff
Consultation
2
3
Analyzed data
DB
(results per
script)
4
Data visualization
(METABASE, etc.)
Data cleaning
Corrections made in the
database
5
GDT
Feedback Farmer
Other
actors
External AccessOther primary data
(e.g., service
providers)
10. Partnership with PAID, Govt & Private Agencies
• Shared data capture, Analytics and Feedback Platform with
PAID & Other private AI service provider e.g. ABEA
• The NAIC, other Bull studs and semen producers, TANLITS; &
ETLITS (Bull certification & livestock identification)
• The NAIC-ATA; TALIRI-EGA- partnerships to share platform for
farmer education and feedbacks (same farmers being
targeted)
• Partnership with genomic Technology companies to
developing and delivering the assay (genomic chip)
• Piloting of the value for testing natural mating bulls, heifers
and cows among large scale farms
11. Outputs and Outcomes
• DPRC-NAIC-LUKE & ETLITS? Databases integrated and
more animals performance recorded
• More than 25,600 farmers & 41,630 cows registered on
the DPRC platforms are linked to iCow platform & are
directly receiving dairy education materials.
• Data analyzed and summaries fedback to farmers directly
and via PRAs & AITs (Which of your cows is generating profit for your?)
so farmers are making more informed decisions.
• Genomic chip being developed to certify young bulls &
heifers (breed composition/parentage ascertainment)
12. Achievements & *Planned by end 2017
By Number of herds
registered
Number of
animals & records
NAIC-
LUKE/TALIRI/TANLI
T/NAIC (before+manual)
650 (ET); 200 (TZ) >6,000 (ET); <1000
(TZ)
(>108,000 records)
ADGG & PAID
(now)
25,622 (ET&TZ) 41,631 (ET &TZ)
*Number to be
genotyped
5,000
* Includes: All NAIC bulls, all bull dams, all active village crossbred
bulls, selected crossbred cows and bulls in large scale farms
13. Challenges
• Digital literacy slowed progress
• High staff turn-over for the system developers &
programmers and inadequate server capacities
• Limited internet coverage & connectivity
• Unsupportive internal and partners policies (PPP
frameworks exist, but their operationalization is ???)
• Many and often conflicting demands by scientists on
what to record-complicating the data forms
14. Opportunities
• Integration of DPRCs: multi-species recording & multi-
disciplinary (e.g. animal health) recording/investigations can
be leveraged on these platforms
• Robust protocols developed for genetic evaluation of bulls &
cows and local experts trained on these
• Teams of GEBV ranked young bulls/heifers (top-ranked bulls to
be drafted into national/regional AI stations)
• Relevant/customized farmer education materials developed
and being e-delivered.
• More than 40 Local Scientists trained to manage the DPRCs
and 350+ AI Techs/PRAs to deliver farmer education and AI
services.
• Potential for developing synthetic tropically adapted dairy
cattle breeds thro inter-country collaborations (>220,000
crossbred heifers by year 5)