Anglo – Saxon Chronicle
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The document summarizes the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a collection of annals in Old English chronicling Anglo-Saxon history. The original manuscript was created in the late 9th century and different versions, or manuscripts, were updated until the 12th century. The document describes the surviving manuscripts located in various libraries and monasteries across England, which differ in dates of composition, additional local information included, and relationships to other manuscripts. It emphasizes the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the most important source for history in Anglo-Saxon England prior to the Norman Conquest.
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Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
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Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
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Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
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Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
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Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
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- "word" - word
- "manna" - men
- "folces" - folk/people
- "gearo" - ready/prepared
- "wæron" - were
- "fæhðe" - feud/conflict
So some core vocabulary like words for people, king, ready, were, conflict have remained relatively unchanged over the centuries since Old English. The spelling and some letter sounds have evolved but the meaning remains similar.
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It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
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Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
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Anglo – Saxon Chronicle
- 1. Anglo – Saxon Chronicle The First Anglo – Saxon Prose
- 2. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle • a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo- Saxons. • The original manuscript of theChronicle was created late in the 9th century • In one case, the Chronicle was still being actively updated in 1154.
- 3. Surviving Manuscripts Version Chronicle name Location A Winchester (or Parker) Chronicle Parker Library, Corpus Christi College B Abingdon Chronicle I British Library C Abingdon Chronicle II British Library D Worcester Chronicle British Library E Peterborough (or Laud) Chronicle Bodleian Library F Bilingual Canterbury Epitome British Library G or A2 or W A copy of the Winchester Chronicle British Library H Cottonian Fragment British Library I An Easter Table Chronicle British Library
- 5. History of the Manuscripts
- 6. The Winchester Chronicle • the oldest manuscript of the Chronicle that survived • begun at Old Minster, Winchester, towards the end of Alfred's reign • The manuscript begins with a genealogy of Alfred, and the first chronicle entry is for the year 60 BC
- 7. The Abingdon Chronicle I • It written by a single scribe in the second half of the 10th century. • It begins with an entry for 60 BC and ends with the entry for 977
- 8. The Abingdon Chronicle II • It includes additional material from local annals at Abingdon, where it was composed • It is preceded by King Alfred's Old English translation of Orosius's world history, followed by a menologium and some gnomic verses of the laws of the natural world and of humanity
- 9. The Worcester Chronicle • the middle of the 11th century • it includes some records from Worcester, so it is generally thought to have been composed there
- 10. The Peterborough Chronicle • It was written at one time and by a single scribe, down to the annal for 1121 • The scribe added material relating to Peterborough Abbey which is not in other versions • The manuscript contains occasional glosses in Latin, and is referred to (as "the Saxon storye of Peterborowe church") in an antiquarian book from 1566
- 11. The Canterbury Bilingual Epitome • Christ Church, Canterbury • both Old English and Latin; each entry in Old English was followed by the Latin version • similar to the version used by the scribe in Peterborough
- 12. Copy of the Winchester Chronicle • It was copied from at Winchester in the eleventh century and follows a 10th-century copy of an Old English translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History • It was almost completely destroyed in the 1731 fire at Ashburnham House, where the Cotton Library was housed
- 13. Cottonian Fragment • It consists of a single leaf, containing annals for 1113 and 1114 • There is not enough of this manuscript for reliable relationships to other manuscripts to be established.
- 14. Easter Table Chronicle • : A list of Chronicle entries accompanies a table of years, found on folios 133-37 in a badly burned manuscript containing miscellaneous notes on charms, the calculation of dates for church services, and annals pertaining to Christ Church, Canterbury
- 15. Importance
- 16. • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the single most important source for the history of England in Anglo-Saxon times. Without the Chronicle and Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, it would be impossible to write the history of the English from the Romans to the Norman Conquest
- 17. • Its importance is not limited to the historical information it provides, however. It is just as important a source for the early development of English. • the manuscripts are important sources for thehistory of the English language