2. Reasoning:
“Is the process of creating or
generating conclusions from evidence
or premises”.
… “constructs a logical
or logical connection
between the Evidence
and the Contention”.
3. Reasoning
“Inductive “Deductive
Reasoning: Reasoning
Is the process Is the process to
that how we how we apply
create those
generalizations” generalizations”
4. Inductive Reasoning
By sign
By example
By comparison
By authority
By cause
“Inductive reasoning allows humans to create
generalizations about people, events, and things in
Their environment. There are five ways to do this”
5. Casual Reasoning:
“Is base in the idea that for every
action there is a reaction” There are
Two forms of casual reasoning:
Cause is capable of
Cause Effect producing some
unknown effect
Effect Cause Some known effect
have been produced
by some unknown
cause
6. Sign Reasoning
“The existence of any characteristic
is a signal that something else
exist”.
“Other
substance/attribute
Tests of sign relationship must be
considered”
reasoning:
“Cumulative sign
reasoning produces
a more probable
connection”
7. “ attempt to link “ attempt to
similarities establish a link
between two cases between similar
from different classifications”
classifications”
“Reasoning
by analogy” Reasoning
From authority
Literal
Comparisons
Figurative
Comparisons “Is used when a person
argues that a particular
Comparison claim is justified because
Reasoning it is held or advocated by
a credible source”
8. Deductive Reasoning
“Is the process of reasoning from
general statements to a certain and
logical conclusion related to that
conclusion”
1. Major premise
2. Minor premise, and
3. A Conclusion
…Is called a
Syllogism
9. Fallacy:“Is an error in reasoning”
“A fallacy is an argument that
sometimes fools human reasoning,
but is not logically valid”
10. Where I found this
information?
“Communicating Critical
Thinking” by Jack Sterk/Jim
Marteney
