Angioplasty and stenting techniques have been used since the 1960s to treat blockages in the large blood vessels. The document outlines the history and development of these procedures for treating subclavian artery stenosis. It provides an overview of the techniques, including using balloons to dilate lesions and placing stents to treat residual narrowing or dissections post angioplasty. Images show examples of a subclavian stenosis treated successfully with angioplasty and stenting. The conclusion states that these endovascular procedures are highly effective for treating large vessel stenoses, with long-term results of 70-90% patency when stents are used.

1. Angioplasty and Stenting

4. 95% Left Subclavian Stenosis Pre Post Post Aortagram

5. Left Subclavian Stenosis – Pre, Post, and 6 month follow-up Pre Immediate Post 6 months post

8. Subclavian Stenosis proximal to LIMA coronary graft – with stent

9. Stenosis within stent