The document outlines the history and development of anesthesia, detailing its evolution from ancient methods to modern techniques. Key milestones include the first public demonstration of ether in 1846 and significant advancements in drug use, monitoring, and intubation throughout the 20th century. It also discusses the expansion of anesthesia practices in Bangladesh, highlighting key figures and challenges faced in the field today.

1. HISTORY OF
ANESTHESIA
Presented by
Dr. Md Mizan Ullah
Dept of anesthesia ,analgesia,ICM
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical college
Hospital

2. WHY NEED H/O
ANESTHESIA
 Understanding of our past guides our future
 The history of surgery link to the development
of appropriate anesthetic technique and so H/o
surgery follows the history of anesthesia
 We are all part of it

3. WHAT IS ANESTHESIA
 Greek an- without and aesthesia – sensation
refers to the inhibition of sensation
 Origin of anesthesia :
– Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr 1846
 Insensitivity to pain , especially as artificially
induced by the administration of gases or the
injection of drugs before surgical operation

4. WHY ANESTHESIA
 Loss of awareness/Amnesia
 Analgesia
 Reduce the movement in response to stimuli
 Minimize the autonomic response to surgical
stimuli
 Muscle relaxant
 Autonomic regulation

5. HISTORY OF
ANESTHESIA
 Pre- 1846: – The foundation of anesthesia
 1846-1900: Establishment of anesthesia
 20th
century: Consolidation and growth
 21st
century: – The future

6. PRE- 1846
THE FOUNDATION OF ANESTHESIA

7. METHOD OF ANESTHESIA
 Drug method
 Non-drug method

8. DRUGS METHOD
 Alcohol
 Opium
 Hyoscine
 Cannabis
 Cocaine

9. NON DRUGE METHOD
 Cold
 Concussion
 Carotid compression
 Nerve compression
 Mesmeric Magnetism
 Hypnosis
 Blood letting

10. ANCIENT ANESTHESIA
 Status of surgery
– Barber shop surgery
 Type of surgery
– Amputation and dental
extraction
– No antiseptic
– Appalling mortality
 Indication
– Unbearable pain
– Crippling deformity
– Imminent death

11. HISTORICAL PERSON IN
ANESTHESIA

12. WILLIAM T G MORTON
 First GA was given by
use diethyl ether
 Inventor and Revealer
of inhalational
anesthesia : Before
whom ,in all time
surgery was agony.

13. 1846 (16TH
OCTOBER)
 Anesthetist
– William T G Morton
 Agent: Ether
 Patient
– Gilbert Abort
 Operation
– Excision of tumor
under jaw
 Surgeon
– John Collin Warren

14. JOHN SNOW
 Use chloroform to deliver
the last two children of
Queen Victoria
 First anesthesiologist
 Describe the stage of
ether anesthesia
 Improve the method of
administration of ether
and chloroform

15. HISTORICAL PLACE
Boston memorial Massachusetts memorial

16. ETHER
 1540: Synthesized and named “sweet oil of
vitriol” by Valerius Cordus
 Renamed ether by: Frobenius
 1744 : Matthew discovered it inhalational
properties
 1818: Michel Faraday discovered “narcotic
effect”

17. Cont….
 1842 :
– first use as clinical
anesthetics in USA
 1846 (16th
October):
– first public demonstration
in Boston

18. NITROUS OXIDE
 Joseph Priestley
– First prepared by 1773
 Humphrey Davy
– applied N2O on himself
by face mark deign for
industry.
– Noted it analgesic
properties 1800

19. CHLOROFORM
 1831: Synthesized :
 1847: Anesthetic properties discovered
 1847 : First clinical use London
 1847: James Young Simpson use it for
obstetric anesthesia
 1847: John snow regulating inhaler
 1847: Hannah Greener first anesthetic death

20. 20TH
CENTURY
CONSOLIDATION AND GROWTH

21. CONT…
 Intubation and airway advance
 Anesthetic equipment
 Monitoring
 Drug advance
 Pain management
 Intensive care
 Local anesthesia
 Organization of specialty

22. INTUBATION & AIRWAY
ADVANCE
 1919: Endotrachial intubation
 1928: blind nasal intubation
 1950: PVC tube introduce
 1954: Classification of breathing circuit
 1972: Bain circuit
 1980: LMA

23. ANESTHETIC
EQUIPMENT
 1908: Rota meter
 1917: Boyles machine
 1938: Mechanical ventilation
 1940: Oxford vaporizer

24. MONITORING
 Bp Monitor: MGH
 1946: O2 analyzer
 1949: Nerve stimulator
 1956: Blood gas monitor

25. DRUG ADVANCE
 1911: Balance anesthesia
 1942: Curare
 1951: Suxamethonium
 1956: Halothane
 1964: Entonox
 1980: fentanyl/Propofol/vecuronium
 1990: Sevuflurane

26. LOCAL ANESTHESIA
 Definition:
– Any substance that prevent the conduction of nerve
impulse is called local anesthetics.
 Substance that block the voltage- activate Na+
channel.

27. CONT…
 Cocaine:
– Naturally occurring compound, indigenous
to the Andes mountains.
– Alkaloid obtain from:
 Leaves of Erythroxylum coca
– First LA to discover 1800
– Only naturally occurring LA
– Koller use as a LA in 1883 in eye
– Hall introduce it in dentistry

28. CONT……
 Procaine :
– Developed : 1904
– First synthetic LA
 Lidocaine :
– Discovered by : Lofgren 1943
– Market available : 1947 (xylocaine)
– First amide LA
– Most widely use cocaine derivatives
 Bupivacaine :
– Discovered : 1957
– Market available : 1965

29. REGIONAL ANESTHESIA
 Spinal anesthesia :
– 1885: by Leonard Corning
– 1898: August Bier
 Epidural : 1921
 IVRA:
– 1908 by “August Bier”
– Use procaine in a vein
between two
tourniquets
August Bier

30. ANESTHESIA IN BD
 Local anesthesia and regional block was done
by surgeon themselves at DMCH
 GA was done under supervision of surgeon
and use by the house surgeon by respective
department
 Dr. Beni Madhab Basak : GA
 Dr. S M Mukhlesur rahman 1948

31. CONT….
 First post graduate
– Dr A.S.M.A Quader (DA) London
 1951:
– Dr. A Quader has been in charge Department of
anesthesia DMC
 Prof S N Samad Chowdhury
 DA (London,) FCPS, FFARCS
– was long time president of BSA and has a great
contribution of expansion of anesthesia in BD

32. MANPOWER IN BD
 1947: No recognized trainee anesthesiologist
 1948: Two self trained and in 1951 one ,total
three with one recognized
 1980: gradual increase the interest in this
field due to national demand . still improving
but slow.

33. POST GRAGUATE
 DA
– Dr. Fakhrun Nissa Dr. Dilip Kumar Dar
 MCPS:
– Dr. M Khalilur Rahman 1976
 FCPS:
– Dr. Selim M Jahangir 1983
 MD:
– Dr. Abdul Hai 1987

34. ANESTHESIA EXPANSION IN
BD
 Pre –operative management
 Pain clinic
 Intensive care unit
 Palliative care
ICU started in 1985 in DMCH with six bed

35. BSA
 Established: 1974
 President : Dr. K S A M Quader
 Secretary: Dr. Shafiqur Rasul
 Journal: 1987 Dr. K M Iqbal was editor

36. CONCLUSION
 Now a day complicated surgical procedure is
possible due to improvement of anesthesia
 Still we are lacking some basic infrastructural
problem like
 Proper placement and distribution of man
power
 Availability of equipment
 Standard monitoring
 However we are very much hopeful and
awaiting for our golden future

37. THANK YOU