The document is a seminar report on Android and Android architecture. It discusses the history and introduction of Android, key aspects of the Android architecture including its layered design with the Linux kernel at the bottom and applications at the top, and describes Android versions, features, advantages, and disadvantages. It also covers the Open Handset Alliance and provides an overview of Android security.
1.ANDROID
2.INTRODUCTION
Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. The first Android-powered phone was sold in October 2008.
3.ARCHITECTURE
4.Android consists of a kernel based on Linux kernel version 2.6 and, from Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich onwards, version 3.x, with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C, and application software running on an application framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony.
Android uses the Dalvik virtual machine with just-in-time compilation to run Dalvik 'dex-code' (Dalvik Executable), which is usually translated from Java bytecode.The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture.
5.APPLICATIONS
Android has a growing selection of third party applications, which can be acquired by users either through an app store such as Google Play or the Amazon Appstore, or by downloading and installing the application's APK file from a third-party site.
The Play Store application allows users to browse, download and update apps published by Google and third-party developers, and is pre-installed on devices that comply with Google's compatibility requirements.
6.APPLICATIONS
The app filters the list of available applications to those that are compatible with the user's device, and developers may restrict their applications to particular carriers or countries for business reasons. Purchases of unwanted applications can be refunded within 15 minutes of the time of download, and some carriers offer direct carrier billing for Google Play application purchases, where the cost of the application is added to the user's monthly bill.
As of September 2012, there were more than 675,000 apps available for Android, and the estimated number of applications downloaded from the Play Store was 25 billion.
7.SECURITY & PRIVACY
Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are explicitly granted by the user when the application is installed. Before installing an application, the Play Store displays all required permissions: a game may need to enable vibration or save data to an SD card, for example, but should not need to read SMS messages or access the phonebook. After reviewing these permissions, the user can choose to accept or refuse them, installing the application only if they accept.
Mobile Application Development: Hybrid, Native and Mobile Web AppsPaul Sons
Orion eSolutions offer the best and the most reliable Hybrid, Native, Mobile Application Development services using the latest platform. To know mobile app development stages and usages visit orionesolutions.com
Android App Development Project in College Logan Smith
Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code. The unveiling of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 hardware, software and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. When released in 2008, most of the Android platform will be made available under the Apache free-software and open-source license.
1.ANDROID
2.INTRODUCTION
Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. The first Android-powered phone was sold in October 2008.
3.ARCHITECTURE
4.Android consists of a kernel based on Linux kernel version 2.6 and, from Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich onwards, version 3.x, with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C, and application software running on an application framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony.
Android uses the Dalvik virtual machine with just-in-time compilation to run Dalvik 'dex-code' (Dalvik Executable), which is usually translated from Java bytecode.The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture.
5.APPLICATIONS
Android has a growing selection of third party applications, which can be acquired by users either through an app store such as Google Play or the Amazon Appstore, or by downloading and installing the application's APK file from a third-party site.
The Play Store application allows users to browse, download and update apps published by Google and third-party developers, and is pre-installed on devices that comply with Google's compatibility requirements.
6.APPLICATIONS
The app filters the list of available applications to those that are compatible with the user's device, and developers may restrict their applications to particular carriers or countries for business reasons. Purchases of unwanted applications can be refunded within 15 minutes of the time of download, and some carriers offer direct carrier billing for Google Play application purchases, where the cost of the application is added to the user's monthly bill.
As of September 2012, there were more than 675,000 apps available for Android, and the estimated number of applications downloaded from the Play Store was 25 billion.
7.SECURITY & PRIVACY
Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are explicitly granted by the user when the application is installed. Before installing an application, the Play Store displays all required permissions: a game may need to enable vibration or save data to an SD card, for example, but should not need to read SMS messages or access the phonebook. After reviewing these permissions, the user can choose to accept or refuse them, installing the application only if they accept.
Mobile Application Development: Hybrid, Native and Mobile Web AppsPaul Sons
Orion eSolutions offer the best and the most reliable Hybrid, Native, Mobile Application Development services using the latest platform. To know mobile app development stages and usages visit orionesolutions.com
Android App Development Project in College Logan Smith
Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code. The unveiling of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 hardware, software and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. When released in 2008, most of the Android platform will be made available under the Apache free-software and open-source license.
WHAT IS ANDROID? Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct manipulation, Android is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers, with specialized user interfaces for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android Auto), and wrist watches (Android Wear).
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code.
Android is a Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google.
App Development
Purpose,
What we are going to Develop
Planning,
Working,
Cost Estimation, Resource Estimation, Time Estimation,
Testing,
Software quality Assurance
And finally What we are going to deliver.
In this presentation i explain what is android, why we use android, advantage disadvantage, and how we create Android application.how android worked, Android framework description. Android Application Development procedure.
WHAT IS ANDROID? Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct manipulation, Android is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers, with specialized user interfaces for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android Auto), and wrist watches (Android Wear).
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code.
Android is a Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google.
App Development
Purpose,
What we are going to Develop
Planning,
Working,
Cost Estimation, Resource Estimation, Time Estimation,
Testing,
Software quality Assurance
And finally What we are going to deliver.
In this presentation i explain what is android, why we use android, advantage disadvantage, and how we create Android application.how android worked, Android framework description. Android Application Development procedure.
Mobile Application Development with AndroidIJAAS Team
The Android is mobile platform. It is an open source and free operating system application, by Google it is developed and maintained. It was designed essentially for touch screen mobile devices, such as and tablet, computers, smart phones, watch television, cars etc. Android is one of the most widely used mobile OS. Android is a not only operating system but also key applications and middleware. Android is an open source operating system. It is developed by the open handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Those are used to android studio 2.2.3 version and development the mobile application.
Android Application Development Training by NITIN GUPTA NITIN GUPTA
Android Application Development Please SUBSCRIBE TECH POINT Channel on YouTube.
Here's Channel Link
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE Our channel TECH POINT ..
FOLLOW US ON TWITTER:https://twitter.com/Nitin_TECHPOINT
Follow us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/NitinGupta1054.Official.PSIT
Follow us on Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/nitingupta_official
SUBSCRIBE Our channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3XVydYG3oPVJeZscU4NIg?sub_confirmation=1
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Android report
1. A SEMINAR REPORT
ON
ANDROID
AND
ANDROID ARCHITECTURE
SUBMITTED TO: MEETA CHAUDHARY
SUBMITTED BY:AKSHITAVARSHNEY
B.TECH [CS1] 3rd Yr
CS2011020
INVERTIS UNIVERSITY, BAREILLY
2. CONTENTS: Introduction of android
Android versions
Android architecture
Security
Features of android
Advantages of android
Disadvantage of android
Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION:ABSTRACT:The android operating system is basically an operating system for
mobiles. It is mobile operating system that uses a modified version of
the Linux kernel 2.6. Google developed Android as part of the Open
Handset Alliance, a group of more than 30 mobile and technology
companies working to open up the mobile handset environment.
In this, it will be described that how security can be improve of
Android Operating System so that users can safely used the android
smart phones.
Keywords:-Android history, architecture and security
HISTORY OF ANDROID: Android Inc.founded in Palo Alto,california ,united states in
October 2003 by Andy Rubin[co-founder of danger ],rich
miner[co-founder of wildfire communication Inc.],nick
sears[once VP at T-mobile], and Chris white[headed design and
interface development at web TV] to develop.
WHAT IS ANDROID: It is a open source software platform and operating system for
mobile devices
Based on the Linux kernel
Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance
(OHA)
Allows writing managed code in the Java language
Android has its own virtual machine i.e. DVM (Dalvik Virtual
Machine), which is used for executing the android application.
Android is a free downloadable open source software stack for
mobile devices that include an Operating system.
4. Android os is developed under a code name based on dessert
items.
OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE: The open handset alliance (OHA) is a business alliance of firm
to develop open standard for mobile devices.
Devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices
Develop technologies that will significantly lower the cost of
developing and distributing mobile devices and services.
ANDROID VERSION: Android 1.0 (Angel Cake)-The first version of the open source
software was released back in 2008.
Android 1.1 (Battenberg)-In Feb 2009, version 1.1
Android 1.5 (Cupcake)-Launched in April 2009
Android 1.6 (Donut)-released in September 2009
Android 2.0 / 2.1 (Éclair)-released in 26 October 2009 and
January 2010
Android 2.2 (Froyo) –frozen yogurt:-Released in the summer of
2010
Android 2.3 (Gingerbread):- Gingerbread landed by the end of
2010
Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) :- For the first time Google released
a software that was totally focused on tablets. This version,
released in July/august 2011
Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0) -released in October
2011
Android 4.1 (jelly bean4.1) -released in 26th June 2012
5. After so many desserts named version of android is going to offer
something with even tastier dessert. The upcoming version of
android 4.4 was KITKAT released on October 2013.
ANDROID ARCHITECTURE:The software stack is split into Four Layers:• The application layer
• The application framework
• The libraries and runtime
• The kernel
6. LINUX KERNEL:•The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel.
• This layer is core of android architecture. It provides service like
power management, memory management, security etc.
It helps in software or hardware binding for better
communication.
NATIVE LIBRARIES: Android has its own libraries, which is written in C/C++. These
libraries cannot be accessed directly. With the help of
application framework, we can access these libraries. There are
7. many libraries like web libraries to access web browsers,
libraries for android and video formats etc.
Android Run Time: Dalvik virtual machine- The Android Runtime was designed
specifically for Android to meet the needs of running in an
embedded environment where you have limited battery,
limited memory, limited CPU.
Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google's android
operating system. It is the software that runs the apps on
android devices. Dalvik is thus an integral part of android,
which is typically used on mobile devices such as mobile
phones and tablet computers.
Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to byte
code.
Core libraries- This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the
Java programming language.
• The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO,
all the utilities and tools that you’ve come to expected to use.
Application Framework: This is all written in a Java programming language and the
application framework is the toolkit that all applications use.
•These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the
home applications, or the phone application.
8. •It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that
will be written by you.
•So, all apps use the same framework and the same APIs.
These are as follows:•
Activity manager:-It manages the lifecycle of applications. It
enables proper management of all the activities. All the
activities are controlled by activity manager.
• Resource manager:-It provides access to non-code resources
such as graphics etc.
• Notification manager:-It enables all applications to display
custom alerts in status bar.
• Location manager:- It fires alerts when user enters or leaves a
specified geographical location.
•
Package manager:-It is use to retrieve the data about installed
packages on device.
•
Window manager:-It is use to create views and layouts.
• Telephony manager:-It is use to handle settings of network
connection and all information about services on device.
APPLICATION LAYER:-The final layer on top is Applications.
• It includes the home application, the contacts application, the
browser, and apps.
• It is the most upper layer in android architecture.
9. • All the applications like camera, Google maps, browser, sms,
calendars, contacts are native applications. These applications
works with end user with the help of application framework to
operate.
SECURITY
Android is a multi-process system, in which each application
(and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security
between applications and the system is enforced at the process
level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group
IDs that are assigned to applications.
Android is designed having multi layer security which provides
flexibility for this platform. When attackers attempt attack on
device, android platform help to reduce the portability of the
attack.
There are key components of android security which are
described as follows: Design review:-when a security model is designed then it will
be reviewed by the developers so that risk level will be very less
while using the model.
Code review and penetrating testing:-the goal of this code
review is that in which it will be checked that how the system
will become strong?
10. Open source and community review:-android uses open source
technologies that have significant external review such as Linux
kernel.
Incident response:-android team enables the rapid mitigation
of vulnerabilities to ensure that potential risks to all android
users are minimized.
FEATURES OF ANDROID:
Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when
Wi-Fi is turned off
Developer logging and analyzing enhancements
It is optimized for mobile devices.
It enables reuse and replacement of components.
Java support ,media support, multi touch, video calling,multi
tasking ,voice based features, screen capture, camera
,bluetooth,gps,compass and accelerometer,3G
ADVANTAGE:• The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android
platform
• It gives you better notification.
• It lets you choose your hardware.
• It has better app market(1,80,000 application)
• A more mature platform
11. •
With the support of many applications, the user can change
the screen display.
• With Google chrome you can open many windows at once.
•
Supports all Google services: Android operating system
supports all of Google services ranging from Gmail to Google
reader. All Google services can you have with one operating
system, namely Android.
DISADVANTAGES: Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes
there are malware.
Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of "process"
in the background causing the battery quickly drains.
Ssometimes slow device company issued an official version of
Android your own .
Extremely inconsistence in design among apps.
Very unstable and often hang or crash.
LIMITATIONS OF ANDROID:Development requirements in
• Java
• Android SDK
• Bluetooth limitations:-
12. Android doesn't support:
Bluetooth stereo
Contacts exchange
Modem pairing
Wireless keyboards
• Firefox mobile isn't coming to android because of android
limitations
Apps in Android Market need to be programmed with a custom
form of Java
There are no split or interval times available.
• Small memory size.
• Continuous Internet connection is required
CONCLUSION
We hope that the next versions of Android have overcome the actual
limitations and that the future possibilities became a reality and may
this software is also developed to use in PC’s also.