know about android step by step with Aftab.

1. Name: MD AFTAB ALAM
Enrollment: 0011303CE14
Branch: Computer Science & Engineering
Session: 2013-16
Semester: 5th Sem (Final Year)
Supervisor: Mr. Mujahid Pasha Syed
Trainer: Sajid Ahamed
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

2. ANDROID
AND
ANDROID PHONES
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3. Contents
o Introduction of android
o What is Android
o History
o Android versions
o Android architecture
o Main concepts to an
Android Application
o Application Fundamentals
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o Security
o Features of android
o Advantages of android
o Disadvantage of android
o Limitations of android
o Conclusion
o References

4. Introduction of android
 Android is the first step in the vision of creating a better mobile phone, It is a
complete open mobile platform software stack release by Google.
 It contains a Linux-based Operating System, middleware and key mobile
applications.
 Android can be run on mobile devices from companies that have come
together to form the Open Handset Alliance. The Alliance currently consists of
34 companies including Motorola, T-Mobile and Sprint-Nextel. These
companies have agreed to open access devices.
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5. What is Android
 It is a open source software platform and operating system for mobile
devices
 Java language is mainly used to write the android code even though other
languages can be used.
 Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
 Allows writing managed code in the Java language
 Android has its own virtual machine i.e. DVM(Dalvik Virtual
Machine),which is used for executing the android applicant.
 The goal of android project is to create a successful real-world product that
improves the mobile experience for end users.
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6. Open Handset Alliance
 The open handset alliance(OHA) is a
business alliance of firm to develop open
standard for mobile devices.
 Devoted to advancing open standards for
mobile devices
 Develop technologies that will significantly
lower the cost of developing and distributing
mobile devices and services.
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7.  Open Handset Alliance (OHA) included
several companies
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8. HISTORY OF ANDROID
 Android Inc.founded in Palo Alto,california ,united states in October 2003 by
Andy Rubin[co-founder of danger],rich miner[co-founder of wildfire
communication Inc.],nick sears[once VP at T-Mobile], and Chris
white[headed design and interface development at web TV] to develop.
 Android is the nick name of Andy Rubin given by coworkers because of his love
to robots.
 In 2007, Google announces the development of android OS.
 In 2008, HTC launched the first android mobile.
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9. ANDROID VERSION
 Android 1.0 (Angel Cake).
 First full version of android released on
September 23, 2008.
 Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support.
 Quite slow in operating.
 copy and paste feature in the web browser is
not present.
 Android 1.1 (Battenberg)
 In Feb 2009, version 1.1
 It allows users to store attached
documents.
 Runs smoother
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10.  Android Cupcake 1.5
 Released on April 30, 2009.
 Added auto-rotation option.
 Copy and Paste feature added in the web
browser.
 Increased speed and performance but not
up to required level.
 Android Donut 1.6
 Released on September 15, 2009.
 Voice search and Search box were added.
 Faster OS boot times and fast web browsing
experience.
 Typing is quite slower.
 Android Éclair 2.0/2.1
 Released on October 26, 2009.
 Bluetooth 2.1 support.
 Improved typing speed on virtual
keyboard, with smarter dictionary.
 no Adobe flash media support.
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11.  Android Froyo 2.2
 Released on May 20, 2010.
 Support for Adobe Flash 10.1
 Improved Application launcher with better
browser.
 No internet calling.
 Android Gingerbread 2.3
 Released on December 6, 2010.
 Updated User Interface with
high efficiency and speed
 Internet calling
 One touch word selection and copy/paste.
 New keyboard for faster word input.
 More successful version of Android than
previous versions.
 not supports multi-core processors.
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12.  Android Honeycomb 3.0
 Released on February 22, 2011.
 Support for multi-core processors
 Ability to encrypt all user data.
 This version of android is only available for tablets.
 Android Ice Cream Sandwich(ICS) 4.0
 Released on November 14, 2011.
 Virtual button in the UI.
 A new typeface family for the UI, Robots.
 Ability to shut down apps that are using data in the
background.
 Android Jellybean 4.1
 Released on June 27, 2012.
 Latest version of Android.
 Smoother user interface
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13.  Android Kit Kat
 Released on September 3,2013
 ART is a cross-platform runtime which supports
the x86, ARM, and MIPS architectures in both 32-
bit and 64-bit,environments
 Android lollipop
 Released on June 26,2014
 Uses Just in time Compilation.
 with over 5,000 new APIs added for use by
applications.
 Android Marshmallow
 Official released in December.
 Adopted Storage.
 Android Pay.
 System UI Tuner.
Marshmallow
Android 6.0
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14. Android architecture
The software stack is split into Four Layers::
 The application layer
 The application framework
 The libraries and runtime
 The kernel
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16. LINUX KERNAL
• The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel.
• This layer is core of android architecture. It provides service like power
management, memory management, security etc.
• It helps in software or hardware binding for better communication.
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17. NATIVE LIBRARIES
• Android has its own libraries, which is written in C/C++. These libraries
cannot be accessed directly. With the help of application framework, we
can access these libraries. There are many libraries like web libraries to
access web browsers, libraries for android and video formats etc.
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18. Android Run Time
• The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to meet the needs of
running in an embedded environment where you have limited battery, limited
memory, limited CPU.
• Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google's android operating system. It is
the software that runs the apps on android devices. Dalvik is thus an integral part
of android ,which is typically used on mobile devices such as mobile phones and
tablet computers.
• Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to byte code.
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19. Application Framework
• This is all written in a Java programming language and the application framework
is the toolkit that all applications use.
• These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the home
applications, or the phone application.
• It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that will be written
by you.
• So, all apps use the same framework and the same APIs.
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20. APPLICATION LAYER
• The final layer on top is Applications.
• It includes the home application the contacts application , the browser, and apps.
• It is the most upper layer in android architecture.
• All the applications like camera, Google maps, browser, sms, calendars, contacts
are native applications. These applications works with end user with the help of
application framework to operate.
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21. Main concepts to an Android Application
 Java
 Android SDK
 XML
 Android VM
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22. HelloAndroid.java
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1 public class HelloAndroid extends Activity {
2 /** Called when the activity is first created.
*/
3 @Override
4 public void onCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState)
5 {
6 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
7 setContentView(R.layout.main);
8 }
9 }

23. Android SDK
 The Android SDK includes everything to connect an application to
the UI and comes with the emulator and a simple GUI creator.
 Android tools
 GUI tools
 Application Emulator
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24. XML
 Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a set of rules for encoding documents in
machine-readable form. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification[4] produced
by the W3C, and several other related specifications, all gratis open
standards.[5]
 Android uses XML for anything that isn't the actual program.
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25. Android Virtual Device
 A virtual machine used for testing applications
 Allows Developers to test a wide range of device.
 These devices could be a tablets, cellphones or low powered
computers.
 It's a VM, thus allows consistent testing to happen on any computer
set up with the SDK!
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26. 1 April 2016 26
Virtual Device

27. 1 April 2016 27
AndroidManifest.xml

28. Application Fundamentals
• Activities
– application presentation layer
• Services
– invisible components, update data sources, visible activities, trigger
notifications
– perform regular processing even when app is not active or invisible
• Content Providers
– shareable data store
• Intents
– message passing framework
– broadcast messages system wide, for an action to be performed
• Broadcast receivers
– consume intent broadcasts
– lets app listen for intents matching a specific criteria like location
• Notifications
– Toast notification
– Status Bar Notification
– Dialog notification
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29. Security
 Android is a multi-process system, in which each application (and
parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security between
applications and the system is enforced at the process level through
standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs that are assigned
to applications.
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30. FEATURES OF ANDROID
 Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when ,Wi-Fi is turned off.
 Developer logging and analysing enhancements.
 It is optimized for mobile devices.
 It enables reuse and replacement of components.
 It provides support for messaging services(SMS and MMS), web browser,
storage (SQLite), connectivity(GSM, CDMA, Blue Tooth, Wi-Fi etc.), media,
handset layout etc.
 There are a lot of mobile applications that can be chosen by the consumer.
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31.  Android can Run Multiple Apps at the Same Time.
 Android keeps information visible on your home screen. Android has is a
customizable home screen which keeps active widgets right at your
fingertips, always accessible and always visible – without having to launch
an application first.
 Android has a better application market compare to Apple’s App because
Apple’s App store has over 180,000 applications, while the Android
Marketplace has only just broken the 50,000 mark.
 Android gives you better notifications compare to iPhone because iPhone
has some trouble with notifications. Because it’s restricted to pop-up
notifications, it can only handle one at a time.
 Android is Hardware independent.
ADVANTAGES
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32. DIS-ADVANTAGES
 Connected to the Internet: Android can be said is in need of an active internet
connection. At least there should be a GPRS internet connection in your area,
so that the device is ready to go online to suit our needs.
 Sometimes slow device company issued an official version of Android your
own.
 Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes there are malware.
 As direct service providers, users sometimes very difficult to connect with the
Google.
 Sometimes there are ads: because it is easy and free, sometimes often a lot of
advertising. In appearance it does not interfere with the performance of the
application itself, as it sometimes is in the top or bottom of the application.
 Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of "process" in the
background causing the battery quickly drains.
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33. LIMITATIONS OF ANDROID
Development requirements in
 Java
 Android SDK
 Eclipse IDE (optional)
 Android doesn't support:
 Bluetooth stereo
 Contacts exchange
 Modem pairing
 Wireless keyboards
 Android operating system uses more amount of battery as compared to normal
mobile phones.
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34. CONCLUSION
 Android has been criticized for not being all open-source software
despite what was announced by Google. Parts of the SDK are
proprietary and closed source, and some believe this is so that Google
can control the platform. Software installed by end-users must be
written in Java, and will not have access to lower level device APIs. This
provides end-users with less control over their phone's functionality
than other free and open source phone platforms, such as OpenMoko.
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35. References
 http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/graphics/overv
iew.html
 http://www.vogella.com/tutorials/AndroidStudioTooling/a
rticle.html
 http://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_overview.
htm
 http://www.javatpoint.com/android-tutorial
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36. Md Aftab Alam
Diploma(CSE)