Android Operating System

Application Development
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
On
By:
Mohd. Bilal
CSE 4th yr.
1501010009

CONTENT
• Introduction
• History
• Architecture
• Application Development
• Code compilation and execution
• Advantages of Android over other OS
• Bibliography

WHAT IS ANDROID
• Android is Linux based operating system
designed primarily for mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablets.
• Android is the first completely open
source mobile OS .
• Android was first developed as a
ADVANCE OPERATING SYSTEM for digital
cameras.
Smart
Secure
Designed by
Google

WHAT IS OPEN SOURCE
• Android OS is based on Open
Source Project which means people
can take that source code and
create custom operating systems
from it.
• CyanogenMod is a custom ROM
based on this code.

HISTORY
• Android was founded in Palo Alto,
California on October 2003, by Andy Rubin,
Rich Miner, Nick Sears & Chris White.
• Android was purchased by Google in July
2005.
• HTC Dream was the first android device
launched in September 2008.
• Now, android covers 90% of the mobile OS
market.
Andy Rubin

ANDROID VERSIONS
 Android Gingerbread 2.3
• Released on December 6, 2010
 Android Honeycomb 3.0
• Released on February 22, 2011.
 Android IceCream Sandwich 4.0
• Released on November 14, 2011
 Android JellyBean 4.1
• Released on June 27,2012
 Android Kitkat 4.4
• Released on October 31,2013
 Android Astro 1.0
• Released on September 23, 2008.
 Android Cupcake 1.5
• Released on April 30, 2009.
 Android Donut 1.6
• Released on September 15, 2009.
 Android Éclair 2.0/2.1
• Released on October 26, 2009.
 Android Froyo 2.2
• Released on May 20, 2010.

….
 Android Lollipop 5.0
• Released on November 12, 2014
 Android Marshmallow 6.0
• Released on May 28, 2015
 Android Nougat 7.0
• Released on August 22, 2016
 Android Oreo 8.0
 Android Pie 9.0
• Latest version till date.

Smart TV Wearable device
ANDROID DEVICES
Tablets Mobile
Phones
GPS device for
automobiles

LINUX KERNEL
• It offers a level of generalization between the
device hardware
• It contains all the indispensable hardware
drivers camera, keypad, display etc.
• It helps to manage security, memory
management, process management, network
stack and other important issues.
Andy Rubin
Device Drivers
Process
Management
Memory
Management

LIBRARIES
Resting on Linux kernel there is a set of libraries
comprising of:
• Open source Web browser engine Web Kit,
• LIBC, well known standard C library,
• SQLite database which is a suitable source for storing
data,
• Libraries to play and record audio and video,
• SSL libraries accountable for Internet security, etc.
Andy Rubin

ANDROID LIBRARIES
This section comprises of those Java-based libraries that
are explicit to Android development.
Andy Rubin
android.app
Offers access to the application model and is the basis of all Android
applications
android.content
Enables content access, publishing and messaging between applications
and
application components
android.databas
e
Enables access to data published by content providers and includes
SQLite
database management classes
android.opengl A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics executing API

APP DEVELOPMENT
To build application for android, you’ll need :
• Java SE Development Kit (JDK)
• The Android SDK
• Development Environment
(Android Studio or Eclipse)

ANDROID SDK (Software Development Kit)
• The android SDK is made up of two main parts: The tools
and the Packages.
• When you first install the SDK, all you get are base tools.
These are executable and supporting files that helps to
develop applications.
• Every time Google releases a new version of Android, a
corresponding SDK is also released. To be able to write
programs with the latest features, developers must
download and install each version’s SDK for the particular
phone.
Andy Rubin

Android SDK includes
these Features
Required
Libraries
Debugger
An Emulator
API
Sample
Source Code
Wi-fi Hardware
Access

COMPONENTS OF APPLICATION
Following four components that can be
used within an application:
• Activities :-
They dictate the UI and handle the user
interaction to the smartphone screen
public class MainActivity extends
Activity {
…
} Activity 1 Activity 2

…COMPONENTS OF APPLICATION
• Services :-
They handle background processing associated with an
application
public class MyService extends Service { }
• Broadcast Receivers :-
They handle communication between Android OS and
applications
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { }
• Content Providers :-
They handle data and database management issues.
public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider { }

How Android Code Compiles To Deliver .APK
Package File ?
• Android java code files compiles to .class files
via javac command
• .class files (i.e. Java byte-code) further get converted
to dalvik byte-codes
• Packaging is done using android apkbuilder tool(APPT). It
generate a .apk file from a :
DEX file + non-Java libraries + zipped resources.
which is the .apk file what you run on android device

EXECUTION
.java files
Source code
Java Compiler
.class files
.dex file
Packaging
.apk file
Dex Compiler
{dx}

1. Android price fits your
pocket.
2. Free apps and games.
3. Launchers.
4. Custom ROMs.
5. Expandable Memory.
26
1. Cheapest iPhone (iPhone6)
starting from 24k
2. You have to pay for some
apps & games.
3. Only provide limited themes.
4. No Custom ROM’S can
installed.
5. Can’t use external memory.
Android iOS
21%
78%
1%
Market Share
iOs Android Other OS

Projects Implemented during Training
MyHostel app Learn Tables app Weather app Currency ConverterSend SMS app

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Net Surfing:
• https://developer.android.com/
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/android
Research Papers:
• https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/38a3/0571900d8eedc948cf161f
4d967fd165b8cf.pdf
• http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJMUE/vol9_no4_2014/20.pdf
Books:
• Android Application Development (Hewlett Packard)

Android Operating System

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