1. Anchorage refers to the resistance to unwanted tooth movement when orthodontic forces are applied. It can be intraoral (from teeth or bone within the mouth) or extraoral (from outside the mouth like a headgear). 2. Anchorage is classified based on how forces are applied (simple, stationary, reciprocal), whether forces act within a single jaw or between jaws, the number of anchorage units used (single, compound, reinforced), and the location of anchorage units (intraoral, extraoral, muscular). 3. Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) like implants can also be used as absolute anchorage units to enhance orthodontic treatment without relying on teeth

1. GOOD AFTERNOON
Minu anna Emmanuel
3rd year

2. • ,
anchorage

4. • Introduction
• Definition
• Classification
• Sources
• Types
• Uses of TAD
• Anchorage planning
contents

5. INTRODUCTION
• Tooth movement in orthodontic treatment is
achieved by active components.
• It obeys NEWTON’S 3RD LAW.
• Resistance that anchorage areas offers to these
unwanted movement is called ANCHORAGE

6. DEFINITIONS
• Is the nature and degree of
resistance to displacement offered
by an anatomic unit for the purpose
of affecting tooth movement .
Anchorage is the site of deliver from
which a force is exerted.
According to Graber
According to White and Gardiner

8. INTRA ORAL SOURCES
☆teeth
☆alveolar bone
☆ basal bone
☆musculature

9. INTRA ORAL ANCHORAGE
• Here the anchorage units are present within the oral cavity.
Anchorage from teeth, palate etc can form part of this type of
anchorage .

10. EXTRA ORAL SOURCES
☆ CRANIUM ( occipital or
parietal anchorage)
☆ CERVICAL
ANCHORAGE
☆FACIAL BONES

11. SOURCES FOR INTRAORAL ANCHORAGE
1. ALVEOLAR BONE
Alveolar bone resists
deformation. Once the forces
generated exceeds those
that can be resisted by the
alveolar bone, it permits
tooth movement by bone
remodeling
2.TEETH
Forces can be exerted
from one set of teeth to move
certain other teeth.
Anchorage potential
depends on root form, size of
roots, number of roots
,length of root, ankylosed
root.

14. • Other types of anchorage are:
1. Cortical bone or cortical anchorage
• It offers more resistance to the resorption.
• If the roots are torqued more lingually the resistance
to the movement is increased.
• This principle is being used by Rickets and is known
as cortical anchorage
2 .Muscular anchorage : muscular forces can be
used for anchorage purpose
Eg: vestibular shield and lip bumper

16. EXTRA ORAL ANCHORAGE
Here the anchorage units are situated outside the
oral cavity.

18. Here Anchorage units are
reinforced by:
1.Extra oral sources like
head gear
2.Transpalatal arch with
fixed appliance
3 Banding second molars
for retraction of anteriors

19. CLASSIFICATION OF ANCHORAGE
A. Anchorage classified according
to the manner of force application
1. Simple
2. Stationary
3. Reciprocal

20. B. Anchorage classified according
to the jaws involved as
1. Intra maxillary
2. Inter maxillary

21. C. Anchorage classified according
to the number of anchor units as
1. Single
2. Compound
3. Reinforced

22. D. Anchorage classified according
to the site of anchorage units as
1. Intraoral
2. Extra oral
3. Muscular

23. SIMPLE ANCHORAGE
• Dental anchorage in which the manner &
application of force tends to displace or change
the axial inclination of the tooth or teeth
that forms the anchorage unit in the plane of
space in which the force is being applied.
Resistance of the anchorage
unit to tipping is utilized to
move another tooth or teeth.

24. STATIONARY ANCHORAGE
• Dental anchorage in which the manner &
application of its force tend to displace the
anchorage unit bodily in the plane of space in
which the force being applied.
Anchorage provided by a tooth which is resisting bodily
movement is considerably greater than one resisting tipping
force

25. RECIPROCAL ANCHORAGE
Anchorage in which the resistance of one or more dental units is utilized to
move one or more opposing dental units
Two maxillary central incisors separated
by a diastema were connected by an
Active spring. Hence reciprocal anchorage
is produced when two teeth or resistance
units of equal size pull against each other

26. Cross elastics to correct molar cross-bite
is another example of Reciprocal
anchorage

27. REINFORCED ANCHORAGE
• It is an anchorage situation where more than
one resistance unit is employed
• Resistance units become more effective when
more unit are added because the reactionary
force is distributed over a large area
• This minimizes trauma and pain during
treatment

28. I In a first premolar extraction case,
we
use first molar and second
premolar as anchor units to bring
central incisor,lateral incisor and
canine back.Here the PDL area for
two posterior teeth is slightly
larger than the PDL area of three
anterior teeth. So with a simple
spring connecting the segments
the anterior teeth move slightly
more than the posterior teeth.This
movement is not truly reciprocal
but this is close to a Reciprocal
anchorage
In the same example if we include
second molar to the posterior unit
to retract anterior teeth, then it is
an example of Reinforced
anchorage

30. • Intra oral anchorage can be classified into :
Intra maxillary anchorage
Inter maxillary anchorage

31. INTRAMAXILLARYANCHORAGE
Resistance units are all situated
within the same jaw
INTERMAXILLARY ANCHORAGE
[BAKERS ANCHORAGE]
Anchorage units situated in one jaw are
used to effect

32. • Intra maxillary anchorage :
• Anchorage situated in the same jaw
• Where the appliance situated in the one jaw either in the maxilla or in the
mandible
• It is a , stationary, or reciprocal type of resistance
• Intra maxillary anchorage
• Anchorage unit situated in one jaw and used to bring about the change in
the opposite jaw
• Eg: cross bite correction ,usage of elastic traction in class 2

33. INTRA MAXILLARY ANCHORAGE
• Bakers anchorage
• It is form of inter maxillary anchorage
• For class 2 malocclusion correction elastics are
worn from lower molar to upper anterior
• For class 3 malocclusion correction elastics are worn
from upper molar to lower anteriors.

34. MAXIMUM ANCHORAGE
This category describes the critical
maintenance of the posterior tooth position.
Seventy-five percent or more of the
extraction space is needed for anterior
retraction. All care should be taken to
preserve anchorage and the use of
additional methods to augment anchorage
should be planned

35. MINIMUM ANCHORAGE
This category describes non critical
anchorage. Less amount of extraction space
is required to correct malocclusion.
Seventy-five percent or more of the space
closure is achieved through mesial
movement of the posterior teeth.This could
also be considered to be critical anterior
anchorage

36. IMPLANT AS ANCHORAGE UNITS OR
TEMPORARY ANCHORAGE DEVICES
(TAD)
• Temporary anchorage unit are temporarily fixed to the
bone for the purpose of enhancing orthodontic
anchorage.
• They can be located transosteally subperiosteally or
endosteally and they can be fixed to the bone either
mechanically or biomechanically
• TAD are called absolute anchorage because extracted or
available space is fully utilized for orthodontic treatment
without space loss due to the movement of anchor teeth.