The document discusses the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). It describes the anatomy and functions of the TFCC, which provides stability to the DRUJ. Injuries and disorders of the DRUJ are outlined including acute fractures, chronic instability, and impingement syndromes. Imaging and treatment options are summarized, including repair, reconstruction, and arthroplasty procedures for DRUJ injuries and arthritis.
This document discusses wrist, forearm, and finger mobilization techniques for various injuries. It presents a case study of an 18-year-old who sustained a Colles' fracture of the right wrist with limited range of motion. Mobilization techniques described for the wrist include distraction, dorsal and volar glides, and radial and ulnar glides. Specific carpal bone glides are also discussed to restore wrist flexion and extension. Finger mobilization techniques include MP distraction and dorsal glides to improve flexion.
This document discusses distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) injuries. It begins by providing background on the anatomy and biomechanics of the DRUJ. It then describes the clinical evaluation and various imaging modalities used to assess DRUJ injuries. The document presents classifications for triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries and DRUJ injuries associated with fractures. Treatment options are discussed, including non-operative treatment, arthroscopic and open surgical procedures. Specific injuries like isolated DRUJ dislocations, ulnar styloid fractures, Galeazzi fracture-dislocations, and chronic DRUJ instability are also reviewed.
The document discusses the anatomy of the elbow joint, including its articulations between the radial head and osseo-fibrous ring, annular ligament, and radial notch of the ulna. It then describes the anatomy of the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, including their ligaments, movements, blood supply, and nerve innervation. Finally, it summarizes the anatomy of the wrist joint, including its ligaments, arterial supply, nerve supply, and movements.
The document summarizes several joints of the forearm, including:
1) The proximal radioulnar joint is an uniaxial pivot joint between the radial head and ulnar notch, stabilized by the annular ligament.
2) The distal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint between the distal ulna and radius, connected by an articular disc.
3) The intermediate radioulnar joint is a syndesmosis fibrous joint between the radius and ulna.
4) The wrist joint is a synovial biaxial ellipsoid joint that allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the radius, ulna, elbow joint, and radioulnar joint. It discusses:
1) The radius and ulna bones and their proximal and distal articulations which form the elbow joint and radioulnar joints.
2) The muscles that flex, extend, pronate, and supinate the forearm and their origins and insertions.
3) Common injuries around the elbow joint like tennis elbow.
The document discusses the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). It describes the anatomy and functions of the TFCC, which provides stability to the DRUJ. Injuries and disorders of the DRUJ are outlined including acute fractures, chronic instability, and impingement syndromes. Imaging and treatment options are summarized, including repair, reconstruction, and arthroplasty procedures for DRUJ injuries and arthritis.
This document discusses wrist, forearm, and finger mobilization techniques for various injuries. It presents a case study of an 18-year-old who sustained a Colles' fracture of the right wrist with limited range of motion. Mobilization techniques described for the wrist include distraction, dorsal and volar glides, and radial and ulnar glides. Specific carpal bone glides are also discussed to restore wrist flexion and extension. Finger mobilization techniques include MP distraction and dorsal glides to improve flexion.
This document discusses distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) injuries. It begins by providing background on the anatomy and biomechanics of the DRUJ. It then describes the clinical evaluation and various imaging modalities used to assess DRUJ injuries. The document presents classifications for triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries and DRUJ injuries associated with fractures. Treatment options are discussed, including non-operative treatment, arthroscopic and open surgical procedures. Specific injuries like isolated DRUJ dislocations, ulnar styloid fractures, Galeazzi fracture-dislocations, and chronic DRUJ instability are also reviewed.
The document discusses the anatomy of the elbow joint, including its articulations between the radial head and osseo-fibrous ring, annular ligament, and radial notch of the ulna. It then describes the anatomy of the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, including their ligaments, movements, blood supply, and nerve innervation. Finally, it summarizes the anatomy of the wrist joint, including its ligaments, arterial supply, nerve supply, and movements.
The document summarizes several joints of the forearm, including:
1) The proximal radioulnar joint is an uniaxial pivot joint between the radial head and ulnar notch, stabilized by the annular ligament.
2) The distal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint between the distal ulna and radius, connected by an articular disc.
3) The intermediate radioulnar joint is a syndesmosis fibrous joint between the radius and ulna.
4) The wrist joint is a synovial biaxial ellipsoid joint that allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the radius, ulna, elbow joint, and radioulnar joint. It discusses:
1) The radius and ulna bones and their proximal and distal articulations which form the elbow joint and radioulnar joints.
2) The muscles that flex, extend, pronate, and supinate the forearm and their origins and insertions.
3) Common injuries around the elbow joint like tennis elbow.
This document summarizes the key functions and components of blood. It discusses how blood carries oxygen, nutrients, waste, hormones, and buffers throughout the body. Blood also helps regulate temperature, volume, and prevents infection through white blood cells and antibodies. The three main components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells, which are all produced through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. The document then provides details on specific blood cells like erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, as well as blood disorders, blood typing, and the clotting process.
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
This document summarizes the key functions and components of blood. It discusses how blood carries oxygen, nutrients, waste, hormones, and buffers throughout the body. Blood also helps regulate temperature, volume, and prevents infection through white blood cells and antibodies. The three main components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells, which are all produced through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. The document then provides details on specific blood cells like erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, as well as blood disorders, blood typing, and the clotting process.
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
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One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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2. MOB TCD
Superior and Inferior
Radioulnar Joint
Professor Emeritus Moira O’Brien
FRCPI, FFSEM, FFSEM (UK), FTCD
Trinity College
Dublin
3. MOB TCD
Supination
• Supination is when the bones of
forearm are parallel
• Palm of hand is facing anteriorly
• Supination with the elbow flexed is
a more powerful movement than
pronation
4. MOB TCD
Pronation
• Radius crosses the ulnar
• Palm of the hand is facing posteriorly
• Radial styloid is more distal than ulnar
styloid
• The axis of rotation passes through the
middle of the head of the radius to the
base of the styloid process of the ulna
5. MOB TCD
Supination and Pronation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Three joints
Superior radioulnar joint
Interosseous membrane
Inferior radioulnar joint
Axis of rotation
Middle of head of radius
Base of styloid process of ulnar
6. MOB TCD
Superior Radioulnar Joint
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Synovial pivot joint
Circumference of head of radius
Radial notch of ulnar
Annular ligament covered with
articular cartilage
Quadrate membrane
Capsular ligament
Articular surfaces hyaline
cartilage
Synovial membrane continuous
with elbow joint
7. MOB TCD
Superior Radioulnar Joint
• Annular ligament attached to
anterior and posterior borders
of radial notch
• Lateral ligament of elbow to
upper margin
• Annular ligament covered with
articular cartilage
8. MOB TCD
Superior Radioulnar Joint
• Capsule is attached
• Lower border of the annular
ligament
• Neck of radius
• Ulnar below the radial notch
9. MOB TCD
Superior Radioulnar Joint
• Quadrate membrane
• Lower margin of the radial notch
ulnar
• Neck of radius
• Synovial membrane
• Lines capsule, non-articular
structures
• Continuous above the annular
ligament with synovial membrane
of elbow
10. MOB TCD
Interosseous Membrane
• Syndesmosis
• Fibres pass mainly
downwards and
medially
• Radius to ulna
• Extends origins of
muscles
• Pierced by anterior
interosseous artery
• Transmits force
from radius to ulna
12. MOB TCD
Superior Radioulnar Joint
• Radial styloid is
more distal than
ulnar
• Synovial pivot joint
• L-shaped ulnar
notch of radius
• Lateral and distal
aspect of head of
ulna
• Triangular fibrocartilaginous disc
14. MOB TCD
Inferior Radioulnar Joint
• Synovial pivot
• L-shaped
• Medial and distal aspect of
head of ulna
• Ulnar notch of radius
• Triangular cartilaginous disc
15. MOB TCD
Inferior Radioulnar Joint
• Articular surfaces
• Hyaline cartilage
• Capsule just beyond articular
margins
• Synovial membrane lines
capsule and non-articular
structures
• Radial styloid process is more
distal than ulnar styloid process
16. MOB TCD
Supinators: Biceps Brachii and Supinator
• Biceps brachii with the elbow
flexed
• More powerful
• Musculocutaneous C5,6
• Supinator (two heads) with
elbow extended
• Posterior interosseous C5,6
17. MOB TCD
Supinator
• Supinator has two heads of origin
• The superficial head arises from
the lateral epicondyle of the
humerus, the lateral ligament of
the elbow and the annular
ligament
• The deep head arises from the
supinator crest and supinator
fossa of the ulna
18. MOB TCD
Supinator
• Supinator is inserted into the
upper third of the outer surface of
the radius
• When the elbow is extended
• The supinator muscle supinates
the forearm i.e. it rotates the
radius to turn the palm anteriorly
• Supplied by the posterior
interosseous nerve C6,7, which
passes between the two heads
19. MOB TCD
Pronator Teres
• Arises from two heads
• The common flexor origin
• The medial margin of the coranoid
process of the ulna
20. MOB TCD
Pronator Teres
• It is inserted into the most convex aspect
of the shaft of the radius
• The radial artery passes superficial to
the two heads
• The ulnar artery deep to the two heads
• The median nerve between the two
heads
• Its action is to assist pronator quadratus
in rapid or forceful pronation of the
forearm
• It is also a weak flexor of the elbow
• Median nerve C6
21. MOB TCD
Pronator Quadratus
• Arises from the anterior aspect of the
distal portion of the ulna
• Inserted into the distal aspect of the radius
• It is a pronator of the forearm
• Supplied by the anterior interosseous
branch of the median nerve
• The pronator quadratus is the prime mover
in pronation
• Pronator teres contracts when further
speed or strength is required
22. MOB TCD
Brachioradialis
• Arises from the upper third of the lateral
supracondylar line of the humerus
• Inserted into the distal aspect of the radius
• Radial nerve C5,6
• Flexor of elbow
• In the mid position it can initiate, either
pronation or supination
• It is used, for example, in the back cast
when fly-fishing