The ankle joint is a hinge synovial joint formed between the lower end of the tibia, lateral malleolus of the fibula, and the talus bone. It is supported by strong ligaments including the deltoid ligament medially and the lateral ligament laterally. The ankle joint allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movements, raising and lowering the foot respectively. It receives its blood supply from the anterior and posterior tibial arteries and innervation from the deep peroneal and tibial nerves.

1. ANATOMY OF ANKLE JOINT
PROFESSOR & HOD
DEPARTMENT OF ORTHOPAEDICS
S.M.C.H.

2. TYPE:-
• It is a synovial joint of
Hinge variety.
• Structurally, the joint
is very strong.

3. ARTICULAR SURFACE
Upper articular surface is
formed by :-
• lower end of tibia including
medial malleolus.
• lateral malleolus of fibula.
• inferior transverse tibiofibular
ligament.

4. Inferior articular
surface:-
• Formed by articular
area on upper, medial
and lateral aspect of
talus.

5. LIGAMENT
The joint is supported by :-
1. Fibrous capsule.
2. Medial ligament.
3. Lateral ligament.

6. 1.Fibrous capsule
It is attached to all around
articular margins with 2
exception
1]Postero superiorly, it is
attached to inferior transverse
tibiofibular ligament.
2]Antero inferiorly ,it is
attached to dorsum of neck
of talus.

7. 2. Medial ligament
• Known as deltoid ligament
• Very strong triangular ligament
• Ligament divided into:
a]superficial part.
b]deep part.

8. A] Superficial part:
Its fibre divided into 3 parts-
1]Anterior fibre[Tibionavicular]
2]Middle fibre[Tibiocalcanean]
3]Posterior fibre[posterior tibiotalar]

9. B] Deep part(anterior tibio-talar)

10. 3.Lateral ligament
Lateral ligament consist of
3 bands:
a]anterior talofibular
ligament
b]posterior talofibular
ligament
c]calcaneofibular ligament

11. Relations of Ankle joint
• Anterior Relations
1]Muscles -
a]Tibialis anterior
b]Extensor hallucis longus
c]extensor digitorum longus
d]peroneus tertius
2]Anterior tibial vessels
3]deep peroneal nerve

12. • Posterior relations
Posteromedially
1]Muscles :
a]Tibialis posterior
b]Flexor digitorum longus
b]Flexor hallucis longus
1]posterior tibial vessels
2]Tibial nerve

13. • Posterolaterally
1]peroneus longus
2]peroneus brevis

15. Movement of ankle joint
• Active movements
are dorsiflexion and
planter flexion
1]Dorsiflexion :-
– the foot is raised
– Angle between front
of leg and dorsum of
foot is diminished.

16. 2.PLANTAR FLEXION:-
-Fore foot is depressed .
-Angle between front of
leg and dorsum of foot is
increased.

17. BLOOD SUPPLY
• Ankle joint receives its blood
supply from -
1. Malleolar branches of
anterior and posterior tibial
artery.
2. Peroneal arteries.

18. NERVE SUPPLY
• Ankle joint recieves its nerve supply from
deep peroneal and tibial nerves
• Occassionaly , superficial nerve also supplies
the ankle joint.

19. APPLIED ANATOMY
o Ankle sprain occurs due to stretching and
tearing of the ligaments.
o A large variety of bending and twisting forces
result in number of fractures and dislocation
at this point.

20. THANK YOU