This document provides an anatomy overview for sculpting by covering key areas of the human body including proportion, head, face, torso, arms, hands, legs, and feet. It discusses bones, muscles, joints, and evolution for each area. Key points covered include skull and facial bone structures, neck and spine anatomy, rib cage and sternum details, major muscle groups of the torso, shoulder blade and arm bone articulation, hand bone configuration, thigh and lower leg flexors/extensors, and foot bone architecture. Comparisons are made to other species like turtles and differences in pelvic structure between sexes.
The document provides guidance on how to effectively study human anatomy for artists. It recommends beginning by focusing on basic form concepts like cylinders and spheres to understand the body's underlying structure. The document also suggests utilizing multiple resources like books, life drawing classes, sculpture, and dissections to gain a comprehensive understanding of anatomy in both two and three dimensions. Taking anatomy classes is encouraged to have guidance and get questions answered. The goal of anatomical study is to internalize the knowledge so it can intuitively inform artistic works rather than be a focal point.
Gesture drawing involves rapidly capturing the form and movement of a model in a short time period (2 minutes or less) through loose lines and shapes. It helps train hand-eye coordination and understanding of proportion and form. The process involves determining the line of action through the spine and adding volume around this line to define the major body sections and joint positions. Artists should practice different styles like continuous line, line and circle, or using a thick brush to find their preferred approach for gesture drawing.
Gesture drawing is a technique used by artists to quickly sketch the pose and motion of a subject through directional lines and basic shapes before adding detail. It involves observing the subject to understand how different body parts relate and move, then using quick sketches to capture the pose and flow of motion in a few lines and shapes rather than focusing on realistic details. Gesture drawing helps artists train their hands to rapidly translate what they see into basic representations and prepares them for finished works by planning the composition through these quick sketches.
This document did not contain any text to summarize. A summary requires content in order to extract the key ideas and essential information in 3 sentences or less. As the document was blank, I am unable to provide a meaningful summary.
The document provides instructions for a gesture drawing activity. It will include quick timed drawings to capture movement and poses. Students will practice drawing basic human shapes and proportions to depict figures in motion. The goal is to focus on shape over details and use full arm movements with continuous lines to create expressive gesture drawings. Examples of gesture drawings from art history and prehistory are also provided.
How to learn sketching and drawing step-by-step for beginnersBhanu Chander
In this slide, learn how to learn sketching and drawing right from the scratch using the step-by-step procedure given - helpful for beginners as well as particularly for CEED and other design exam aspirants
The document discusses three types of figure drawing: gesture drawing, contour drawing, and volume drawing. Gesture drawing focuses on capturing the pose quickly without details. Contour drawing emphasizes awareness of outer edges and looking at the model more than the paper. Volume drawing studies the human form through values without lines, noticing how clothing drapes and joins the body beneath. Examples are provided of each type of drawing.
The document provides guidance on how to effectively study human anatomy for artists. It recommends beginning by focusing on basic form concepts like cylinders and spheres to understand the body's underlying structure. The document also suggests utilizing multiple resources like books, life drawing classes, sculpture, and dissections to gain a comprehensive understanding of anatomy in both two and three dimensions. Taking anatomy classes is encouraged to have guidance and get questions answered. The goal of anatomical study is to internalize the knowledge so it can intuitively inform artistic works rather than be a focal point.
Gesture drawing involves rapidly capturing the form and movement of a model in a short time period (2 minutes or less) through loose lines and shapes. It helps train hand-eye coordination and understanding of proportion and form. The process involves determining the line of action through the spine and adding volume around this line to define the major body sections and joint positions. Artists should practice different styles like continuous line, line and circle, or using a thick brush to find their preferred approach for gesture drawing.
Gesture drawing is a technique used by artists to quickly sketch the pose and motion of a subject through directional lines and basic shapes before adding detail. It involves observing the subject to understand how different body parts relate and move, then using quick sketches to capture the pose and flow of motion in a few lines and shapes rather than focusing on realistic details. Gesture drawing helps artists train their hands to rapidly translate what they see into basic representations and prepares them for finished works by planning the composition through these quick sketches.
This document did not contain any text to summarize. A summary requires content in order to extract the key ideas and essential information in 3 sentences or less. As the document was blank, I am unable to provide a meaningful summary.
The document provides instructions for a gesture drawing activity. It will include quick timed drawings to capture movement and poses. Students will practice drawing basic human shapes and proportions to depict figures in motion. The goal is to focus on shape over details and use full arm movements with continuous lines to create expressive gesture drawings. Examples of gesture drawings from art history and prehistory are also provided.
How to learn sketching and drawing step-by-step for beginnersBhanu Chander
In this slide, learn how to learn sketching and drawing right from the scratch using the step-by-step procedure given - helpful for beginners as well as particularly for CEED and other design exam aspirants
The document discusses three types of figure drawing: gesture drawing, contour drawing, and volume drawing. Gesture drawing focuses on capturing the pose quickly without details. Contour drawing emphasizes awareness of outer edges and looking at the model more than the paper. Volume drawing studies the human form through values without lines, noticing how clothing drapes and joins the body beneath. Examples are provided of each type of drawing.
Start by drawing an egg shape for the head and a curved line for the spine and neck. Draw lines to indicate the angles of the shoulders and hips and rectangles for the torso, adding an oval at the belly button. Draw circles for joints and rectangles or ovals for bones of the arms and legs, adding circles for elbows, wrists, knees and ankles. Draw squares for hands and triangles for feet, then practice more poses using magazines or photos as references before adding details like hair and clothing.
Gesture drawing focuses on capturing the essence and movement of a subject quickly before the moment passes. It is not meant to be a precise representation, but rather a way to depict the overall form through loose, quick lines that show weight and energy. Gesture drawings help practice capturing an object's movement and energy in a short time period without details, making them useful for warm-ups before more serious drawings.
Gesture drawing involves quickly sketching the overall shape and movement of a figure without focusing on details. It should take between 10 seconds to a few minutes. The goals are to focus on shape, use your whole arm, and draw continuously without erasing mistakes. Gesture drawing helps train the brain and hands to quickly capture the essence of a subject in motion.
The document provides instruction on an assignment to abstract initials into a design that demonstrates principles of unity and balance. It explains the concepts of symmetrical and asymmetrical balance in visual design. Students are directed to use their initials in a typeface, manipulate the letters, and arrange them within a rectangle on the page to create a balanced composition that follows design principles.
Yr 10 into 11 Collections Personal Investigationleylarich1
This document provides instructions for two coursework projects that must be completed to earn a GCSE. Project 1 titled "Natural Forms" has already been completed. Project 2 titled "Collections" must be completed by February, after which the exam unit will take place. Students are instructed to create a mood board with images relating to a collection theme for their second project. Various presentation techniques for the mood board like collage, drawing and writing key words are described. Deadlines for sharing brainstorms and completing the mood board are provided.
The document provides guidance on sketching for interface design. It discusses that sketching is not the same as drawing and outlines basic shapes and techniques to use like line thickness, size, shading, selective detail, and isolation. It also provides tips for sketching buttons, showing states, and headings and text. The document recommends exploratory sketching, sketchboards, and sketching individual components to explore design ideas. It lists useful sketching tools such as sharpies, brush tip markers, pens, pencils, templates, and markers.
The document discusses the elements and principles of art, focusing on pattern, rhythm, and texture. It provides examples and definitions of each element. Pattern involves the repetition of a basic motif or module and can be planned, grid-based, radial, or random. Rhythm creates a sense of movement through the arrangement of elements, including regular, flowing, alternating, progressive, and unexpected types. Texture refers to the surface quality of materials, including real textures that can be touched and implied textures only seen visually. Gustav Klimt and the Art Nouveau movement are also briefly introduced.
1) InDesign allows users to combine text and images into professional layouts such as books, brochures, and posters.
2) The interface includes toolbars, panels to control object properties, and menus. Master pages allow default page formatting to be applied.
3) Key features include placing images, formatting text using character and paragraph styles, flowing text between frames, and exporting to PDF. Baseline grids help align text and objects.
El documento habla sobre los factores que componen una composición visual efectiva en las artes visuales, incluyendo el equilibrio, la simetría, la tensión, el ritmo, la escala y el formato. Los colores oscuros y las figuras más grandes tienen más peso visual. Una composición equilibrada distribuye los elementos para compensar las diferentes cualidades visuales.
This document provides guidelines for creating interesting compositions in drawings. It defines composition as the organization and arrangement of objects within the borders of a drawing space. Some key elements of composition discussed are the focal point, overlapping, negative space, lines, and balance. Specific techniques like the rule of thirds and using leading lines to guide the viewer's eye are also explained. Effective use of these compositional elements can create visually pleasing and engaging drawings.
The document provides definitions for shape and form as elements of art. It defines shape as a 2D enclosed space created using elements of art like lines and colors, while form is 3D with height, width, and depth. A circle is a 2D shape, while a sphere is a 3D form. The document prompts the reader to draw a cube and provides examples to help explain the differences between shape and form.
Surrealism developed between 1910-1920 as an artistic movement that explored the subconscious mind and dream imagery influenced by Freudian psychology. René Magritte was a prominent surrealist artist whose paintings featured common objects altered in scale or placed in absurd settings to raise viewers' awareness of their own thought processes. Some surrealist techniques Magritte employed included scale changes, levitation, juxtaposition of unrelated objects, dislocating objects from their usual environments, making objects transparent, and transformation.
Beginning drawing media and pencil holdingcequinn1
This document provides an overview of basic drawing techniques. It discusses different drawing media, including dry media like charcoal and pencils, as well as wet media like ink and paint. It also describes different types of pencils from graphite to ebony and how pencil hardness is determined by the ratio of graphite to binder material. Grip techniques like basic tripod, extended tripod, overhand and underhand are illustrated and their applications explained. A brief history of drawing and examples of drawings by famous artists like Da Vinci, Rembrandt, Degas and Warhol are also mentioned.
Figure Drawing proportion and constructionGoh Ee Choo
This document discusses human proportion and figure drawing techniques. It provides guidelines for ideal human proportions, such as head to body ratios, and how proportions change for different ages. It emphasizes using stick figures to capture gestures and emotions before applying proper proportions. Examples of stick figure gestures expressing various emotions like anger, fear and joy are shown. The document ends by showcasing student artworks applying these figure drawing and proportion techniques.
The document provides information on different art movements including Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, the Group of Seven, and contemporary activist art, outlining their key characteristics such as subject matter, style, and how artists used their work to bring awareness to social and political issues. Impressionist artists painted outdoor landscapes and scenes of everyday life using loose brushstrokes and bright colors, while Post-Impressionists and the Group of Seven built upon this style to incorporate more expression and abstraction. Contemporary artists discussed use their artwork as a form of activism to address topics like environmentalism, violence, and global concerns.
This document introduces the key elements of photographic composition: line, shape, space, value, color, texture, unity, harmony, rhythm, contrast, and dominance. It discusses compositional techniques like using the rule of thirds, looking for strong lines and shapes, framing the subject, and including a clear focal point. Examples are provided of photos that effectively employ diagonal lines, repetition, the golden mean proportion, negative space, and dividing the frame into thirds to create a harmonious composition that guides the viewer's eye. The goal is to select uncomplicated backgrounds and avoid unrelated subjects for clean, simplified photographs.
The document provides instructions for learning about the concept of Notan, which is the Japanese term for the relationship between dark and light in design. It will cover the artistic elements of positive and negative space, geometric and organic shapes, and symmetry and asymmetry. Students will then examine works by architect Frank Gehry to analyze how he incorporates these Notan concepts. Finally, students will view examples of Notan squares and create their own by cutting shapes from a black paper square and gluing the cutouts in mirrored positions.
Este documento describe los principios básicos de la caricatura según Tom Richmond. Explica que una caricatura exitosa requiere 3 elementos: parecido al sujeto, exageración de características y comentario sobre la personalidad. También describe que la habilidad para ver y captar las características distintivas de una persona es más importante que el dibujo técnico. Finalmente, explica que la cara humana se compone de solo 5 formas básicas y que la manipulación de sus relaciones es la clave para crear una caricatura exitosa.
This document provides guidance on character design for video games. It recommends considering the game genre, target audience, and art style when designing a character. Character design involves sketching the character in different poses and adding details based on their backstory, which may include where they are from and their past experiences. The document also provides tips on techniques like using reference images, adding realistic fabric folds and armor details in layers, and rendering skin tones separately from clothing for flexibility.
The document describes the human skeleton. It discusses that the skeleton provides structure, protection and enables movement. It has 206 bones in adults that are joined by cartilage and ligaments at joints. The skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, girdles and limbs. The bones work with muscles to allow the body to move.
The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, and ligaments that provide structure, protection, movement, and blood cell formation. The axial skeleton forms the body's longitudinal axis and includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs that attach to the axial skeleton. Long bones have a diaphysis shaft and epiphyses ends. The skull is formed from multiple flat bones that protect the brain and sense organs. The vertebral column consists of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs that allow flexibility. The rib cage includes ribs and sternum and protects the heart and lungs.
Start by drawing an egg shape for the head and a curved line for the spine and neck. Draw lines to indicate the angles of the shoulders and hips and rectangles for the torso, adding an oval at the belly button. Draw circles for joints and rectangles or ovals for bones of the arms and legs, adding circles for elbows, wrists, knees and ankles. Draw squares for hands and triangles for feet, then practice more poses using magazines or photos as references before adding details like hair and clothing.
Gesture drawing focuses on capturing the essence and movement of a subject quickly before the moment passes. It is not meant to be a precise representation, but rather a way to depict the overall form through loose, quick lines that show weight and energy. Gesture drawings help practice capturing an object's movement and energy in a short time period without details, making them useful for warm-ups before more serious drawings.
Gesture drawing involves quickly sketching the overall shape and movement of a figure without focusing on details. It should take between 10 seconds to a few minutes. The goals are to focus on shape, use your whole arm, and draw continuously without erasing mistakes. Gesture drawing helps train the brain and hands to quickly capture the essence of a subject in motion.
The document provides instruction on an assignment to abstract initials into a design that demonstrates principles of unity and balance. It explains the concepts of symmetrical and asymmetrical balance in visual design. Students are directed to use their initials in a typeface, manipulate the letters, and arrange them within a rectangle on the page to create a balanced composition that follows design principles.
Yr 10 into 11 Collections Personal Investigationleylarich1
This document provides instructions for two coursework projects that must be completed to earn a GCSE. Project 1 titled "Natural Forms" has already been completed. Project 2 titled "Collections" must be completed by February, after which the exam unit will take place. Students are instructed to create a mood board with images relating to a collection theme for their second project. Various presentation techniques for the mood board like collage, drawing and writing key words are described. Deadlines for sharing brainstorms and completing the mood board are provided.
The document provides guidance on sketching for interface design. It discusses that sketching is not the same as drawing and outlines basic shapes and techniques to use like line thickness, size, shading, selective detail, and isolation. It also provides tips for sketching buttons, showing states, and headings and text. The document recommends exploratory sketching, sketchboards, and sketching individual components to explore design ideas. It lists useful sketching tools such as sharpies, brush tip markers, pens, pencils, templates, and markers.
The document discusses the elements and principles of art, focusing on pattern, rhythm, and texture. It provides examples and definitions of each element. Pattern involves the repetition of a basic motif or module and can be planned, grid-based, radial, or random. Rhythm creates a sense of movement through the arrangement of elements, including regular, flowing, alternating, progressive, and unexpected types. Texture refers to the surface quality of materials, including real textures that can be touched and implied textures only seen visually. Gustav Klimt and the Art Nouveau movement are also briefly introduced.
1) InDesign allows users to combine text and images into professional layouts such as books, brochures, and posters.
2) The interface includes toolbars, panels to control object properties, and menus. Master pages allow default page formatting to be applied.
3) Key features include placing images, formatting text using character and paragraph styles, flowing text between frames, and exporting to PDF. Baseline grids help align text and objects.
El documento habla sobre los factores que componen una composición visual efectiva en las artes visuales, incluyendo el equilibrio, la simetría, la tensión, el ritmo, la escala y el formato. Los colores oscuros y las figuras más grandes tienen más peso visual. Una composición equilibrada distribuye los elementos para compensar las diferentes cualidades visuales.
This document provides guidelines for creating interesting compositions in drawings. It defines composition as the organization and arrangement of objects within the borders of a drawing space. Some key elements of composition discussed are the focal point, overlapping, negative space, lines, and balance. Specific techniques like the rule of thirds and using leading lines to guide the viewer's eye are also explained. Effective use of these compositional elements can create visually pleasing and engaging drawings.
The document provides definitions for shape and form as elements of art. It defines shape as a 2D enclosed space created using elements of art like lines and colors, while form is 3D with height, width, and depth. A circle is a 2D shape, while a sphere is a 3D form. The document prompts the reader to draw a cube and provides examples to help explain the differences between shape and form.
Surrealism developed between 1910-1920 as an artistic movement that explored the subconscious mind and dream imagery influenced by Freudian psychology. René Magritte was a prominent surrealist artist whose paintings featured common objects altered in scale or placed in absurd settings to raise viewers' awareness of their own thought processes. Some surrealist techniques Magritte employed included scale changes, levitation, juxtaposition of unrelated objects, dislocating objects from their usual environments, making objects transparent, and transformation.
Beginning drawing media and pencil holdingcequinn1
This document provides an overview of basic drawing techniques. It discusses different drawing media, including dry media like charcoal and pencils, as well as wet media like ink and paint. It also describes different types of pencils from graphite to ebony and how pencil hardness is determined by the ratio of graphite to binder material. Grip techniques like basic tripod, extended tripod, overhand and underhand are illustrated and their applications explained. A brief history of drawing and examples of drawings by famous artists like Da Vinci, Rembrandt, Degas and Warhol are also mentioned.
Figure Drawing proportion and constructionGoh Ee Choo
This document discusses human proportion and figure drawing techniques. It provides guidelines for ideal human proportions, such as head to body ratios, and how proportions change for different ages. It emphasizes using stick figures to capture gestures and emotions before applying proper proportions. Examples of stick figure gestures expressing various emotions like anger, fear and joy are shown. The document ends by showcasing student artworks applying these figure drawing and proportion techniques.
The document provides information on different art movements including Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, the Group of Seven, and contemporary activist art, outlining their key characteristics such as subject matter, style, and how artists used their work to bring awareness to social and political issues. Impressionist artists painted outdoor landscapes and scenes of everyday life using loose brushstrokes and bright colors, while Post-Impressionists and the Group of Seven built upon this style to incorporate more expression and abstraction. Contemporary artists discussed use their artwork as a form of activism to address topics like environmentalism, violence, and global concerns.
This document introduces the key elements of photographic composition: line, shape, space, value, color, texture, unity, harmony, rhythm, contrast, and dominance. It discusses compositional techniques like using the rule of thirds, looking for strong lines and shapes, framing the subject, and including a clear focal point. Examples are provided of photos that effectively employ diagonal lines, repetition, the golden mean proportion, negative space, and dividing the frame into thirds to create a harmonious composition that guides the viewer's eye. The goal is to select uncomplicated backgrounds and avoid unrelated subjects for clean, simplified photographs.
The document provides instructions for learning about the concept of Notan, which is the Japanese term for the relationship between dark and light in design. It will cover the artistic elements of positive and negative space, geometric and organic shapes, and symmetry and asymmetry. Students will then examine works by architect Frank Gehry to analyze how he incorporates these Notan concepts. Finally, students will view examples of Notan squares and create their own by cutting shapes from a black paper square and gluing the cutouts in mirrored positions.
Este documento describe los principios básicos de la caricatura según Tom Richmond. Explica que una caricatura exitosa requiere 3 elementos: parecido al sujeto, exageración de características y comentario sobre la personalidad. También describe que la habilidad para ver y captar las características distintivas de una persona es más importante que el dibujo técnico. Finalmente, explica que la cara humana se compone de solo 5 formas básicas y que la manipulación de sus relaciones es la clave para crear una caricatura exitosa.
This document provides guidance on character design for video games. It recommends considering the game genre, target audience, and art style when designing a character. Character design involves sketching the character in different poses and adding details based on their backstory, which may include where they are from and their past experiences. The document also provides tips on techniques like using reference images, adding realistic fabric folds and armor details in layers, and rendering skin tones separately from clothing for flexibility.
The document describes the human skeleton. It discusses that the skeleton provides structure, protection and enables movement. It has 206 bones in adults that are joined by cartilage and ligaments at joints. The skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, girdles and limbs. The bones work with muscles to allow the body to move.
The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, and ligaments that provide structure, protection, movement, and blood cell formation. The axial skeleton forms the body's longitudinal axis and includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs that attach to the axial skeleton. Long bones have a diaphysis shaft and epiphyses ends. The skull is formed from multiple flat bones that protect the brain and sense organs. The vertebral column consists of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs that allow flexibility. The rib cage includes ribs and sternum and protects the heart and lungs.
The document provides an overview of the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - and their characteristics. It then discusses in detail the various muscles in the human body, describing their locations, functions, names and how muscles produce movement. Key muscle groups like those in the face, neck, shoulder, arm and abdominal areas are outlined.
The document provides an overview of the musculoskeletal system module in sports medicine. It discusses the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system, common conditions that affect it, and the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Key topics covered include the anatomy of bones and joints, common prefixes/suffixes used in musculoskeletal terms, describing movement, and the structure of the axial and appendicular skeleton. Diagrams are provided to illustrate key bones and their locations within the skeletal system.
1. The thoracic cage is made up of 24 ribs that form a barrel-like structure protecting the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels of the chest.
2. The ribs are divided into three types - true ribs attach directly to the sternum, false ribs attach indirectly through cartilage, and floating ribs are not attached at all anteriorly.
3. All ribs articulate posteriorly with thoracic vertebrae, while most connect anteriorly directly or indirectly to the sternum. This provides protection to internal organs in the chest.
The skeletal system has several important functions including providing structure, protecting organs, allowing for movement, producing blood cells, and storing minerals. It is composed of 206 bones that are divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the limbs and their attachments. The bones come in various shapes and serve specific protective or movement-related roles throughout the body.
The skeletal system is composed of 206 bones that make up the framework of the body. The skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton of 80 bones, including the skull, spine, ribs and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton of 126 bones including the shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs and feet. Bones provide structure, protect organs, store minerals, allow for blood cell formation, provide muscle attachment points, and enable movement through joints. Bones can be classified by shape as long, short, flat, or irregular. The skeletal system works with muscles to enable movement and supports the body.
The framework of bones and cartilage which gives shape and support to the body an animal is called skeleton. Skeletal structure is composed of hard material which is made up of calcium called bones. The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones. In human beings, the skeleton is present in side the body, so it is called endoskeleton.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology focusing on the appendicular skeleton. It describes the bones that make up the shoulder girdle and upper limbs, including the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. It also describes the pelvic girdle and lower limbs, including the hip bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges. References are provided for additional information.
The musculoskeletal system consists of the skeletal and muscular systems. The skeletal system includes 206 bones that make up the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder and pelvic girdles, upper and lower limbs). Bones develop through the processes of ossification and remodeling. The skeletal system works with muscles to allow movement and protect organs.
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, and hand. The arm has one bone, the humerus. The forearm has two bones, the radius and ulna. The hand has 27 bones grouped into carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The shoulder girdle connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton and consists of the clavicle and scapula. The bones of the upper limb allow for mobility and manipulation and are connected by muscles that act on the joints of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers.
The document summarizes the bones that make up the axial and appendicular skeleton in humans. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and hyoid bone. The appendicular skeleton contains 126 bones and includes the shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs. Key bones of the appendicular skeleton are the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.
The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that connects the femur to the pelvis. It is the body's largest weight bearing joint. The rounded head of the femur fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis. Strong ligaments and muscles provide stability to the joint. Damage to any of the hip joint components can negatively affect its range of motion and weight bearing ability, and may require hip replacement surgery. The hip allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation.
The vertebral column is composed of 33 vertebral segments that provide structure and protection to the spinal cord. It is divided into 5 regions - cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. Each region has a specific number of vertebrae that allow the body to bend and twist while standing upright. The vertebrae are connected by ligaments like the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, and ligamentum flavum which help limit excessive movement and maintain the normal spinal curvature. Injuries or conditions can cause abnormal spinal curvatures. Each vertebra has distinguishing features but generally consists of a vertebral body, arch, and processes.
The document provides information about the skeletal and muscular systems of the human body. It discusses the major bones including the 206 bones in the body, their structures and functions. It also describes the axial and appendicular skeleton, joints, muscles, and anatomical terminology used to describe positions and movements of the body.
Osseous system II , is the appendicular skeletal system , it representing about the bone of pectoral girdle , pelvic girdle and upper limbs and lower limbs. structure and function of humerus , radius ulna and structure and function of femur , tibia fibula.
The document discusses the muscles that control movements of the upper and lower limbs. It begins by covering muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper arm, including the serratus anterior muscle which protracts and depresses the scapula. It then discusses muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limb, including the quadriceps femoris muscles which extend the knee and hamstring muscles which flex the knee.
The document discusses the skeletal system and the various bones that make up the human body. It provides details on the 206 bones in an adult body and 300 bones in a baby. Key bones mentioned include the skull/cranium that protects the brain, vertebrae that make up the spine and protect the spinal cord, ribs that shield the heart and lungs, pelvic bones that surround reproductive organs, and long leg bones like the femur. The skeletal system comprises all of the body's bones and allows for structure, protection and movement.
This document provides information on oil clay figurative modeling techniques. It lists the necessary tools including an oil clay board, oil clay, metal tools, pliers, drill, drill bits, and aluminum wire. It notes the importance of building an armature considering anatomical structure. Different texturing methods are described, such as using just fingers, fingers with oil, or oil with metal tools, each producing distinct textures. A tutorial video is linked for additional guidance.
This document provides instructions for creating cardboard sculptures and 3D designs. It outlines a process that begins with sketching a life-size design on paper and creating a basic cardboard structure. Next, strips of cardboard are attached to form an armature for the sculpture. Texturing is then added to the cardboard form by creating designs. Finally, the sculpture is finished using a paper mache technique. Additional online video tutorials are referenced for each step of the process. An example of cardboard art by sculptor James Lake is also included.
1. Characters can be analyzed and categorized based on their functions within a story, as proposed by Vladimir Propp who identified 7 common character types including the hero, villain, donor, and helper.
2. Character design should take into account the targeted age group, with simpler designs for young children and designs that allow for growth and self-reflection for older children.
3. Workshops are proposed for designing characters incorporating elements, transitional objects, attributes, and themes to teach character design concepts.
This document discusses various types of conceptual art including abstract art, soft sculpture, performance art, collected found objects, light installation, socially engaged art, research based art, and eco art. It provides examples of artists working in these mediums such as Manami Ishimura, Richard Deacon, Alexander Calder, Yayoi Kusama, Isamu Noguchi, Shinique Smith, Arte Povera, Felix Gonzalez, Christian Boltanski, Do Ho Suh, Sarah Sze, Tony Crag, Jean Shin, Anthony McCall, James Turrell, Cornelia Parker, Mel Chin, Yoko Ono, Rirkrit Tiravanija, Joseph Beuys, Fred
Iron is one of the most abundant metals on Earth, originating from nuclear fusion reactions during the formation of the universe. It played a key role in the development of early life on Earth and remains essential to many living organisms. Steel is an alloy of iron with carbon, and was one of the earliest engineered materials, with traces found in ancient Egypt. The production of steel typically involves heating iron ore along with other materials like coal in large furnaces to remove impurities. Common metals used in fabrication include various grades of steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, copper, tin, zinc, and titanium, each with their own unique properties and applications.
- The document outlines the requirements for a mixed media sculpture project involving welding. Students will create a sculpture integrating welded steel and other materials of their choice.
- They must complete brainstorming activities to develop their theme of "Contrast", research related artists, create a 5" scale maquette, and go through safety training before welding their sculpture.
- The project involves multiple required activities like brainstorming, research, statements, and critiques to help students design and fabricate a mixed media sculpture using welding as a primary technique.
This document provides information and requirements for a wearable sculpture project. Students will create a cardboard sculpture that transforms or extends the body in some way. It can be used for storytelling with costumes, as a ritual object, or to communicate identity. Examples of wearable works from different cultures are presented, as well as a methodology and process for students to brainstorm ideas, research inspirations, and develop concepts into designs for their own unique wearable sculpture. Requirements include using only cardboard and glue, considering how it relates to and transforms the body, and documenting the creative process.
The artist statement provides guidelines for creating an effective statement to describe an artwork to viewers. It emphasizes including information about the medium, materials, process, and other key details to help viewers understand the work. An example statement is provided that clearly explains the artist's process of discovering a new language through using a typewriter that communicates their struggle. Viewers' questions about the work are answered concisely. The document then provides tips for crafting an initial draft, such as collecting relevant information and composing thesis, body, and conclusion paragraphs. It stresses getting feedback and multiple revisions to produce a statement that effectively informs viewers without being overly explanatory.
Abstract art uses shapes, forms and gestures rather than attempting to depict visual reality. It emerged in the early 1900s and forms a central part of modern art. It often explores ideas like order, purity, simplicity and spirituality through non-representational forms. The documents profile several influential abstract sculptors like Brancusi, Moore, Gabo and Arp who pioneered geometric and biomorphic abstractions using materials like wood, stone and metal to reduce forms and reveal essential truths.
This document provides an overview of color theory concepts in Photoshop, including:
- The color wheel and basic color relationships like complementary, split complementary, analogous, triadic, and tetradic harmonies.
- Differences between RGB (for screens) and CMYK (for print) color modes and the importance of saving files before changing to CMYK.
- Color attributes like hue, saturation, value, tint, tone, shade and how to manipulate them.
- Advanced color combination techniques using dominant colors, tone-on-tone, random hues, and picolore, tricolore designs.
- Other concepts covered are color temperature, weight, shading
This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of figurative sculpture across different eras and cultures. It discusses key developments and influences in pre-historic, Greek, Gothic, Renaissance, modern Western, and Asian eras. Specific works are referenced that demonstrate dominant styles and concepts within each period, such as emphasis on philosophy in Greek sculpture, use of spirals in pieces like Venus de Milo, and emphasis on simplicity and posture in pieces like the Miroku Bosatsu statue from Japan. The document also contrasts Western and Eastern approaches to depicting the five natural elements. It examines the impact of African art on modern sculptors like Picasso and changing styles in the 20th century including Cubism.
The document outlines a claymation project for students where they will work in groups to create a clay animation using Photoshop by taking over 500 pictures depicting actions like stretching, collapsing, gathering, and rolling to tell a story with a climax. Students will learn 3D design skills as they manipulate clay figures and turn their multi-picture creations into 4D digital animations, with examples and a tutorial link provided.
This document provides instructions for an exercise in intuitive drawing for sculpture. Students will be shown words or objects for 1 minute each and will create abstract drawings in response without lifting their drawing tool from the page. The goal is to explore free imagination and intuitive artistic ability without overthinking the outcome. Examples of drawings by sculptors are provided to demonstrate how drawing can help develop ideas for 3D designs and spatial concepts.
The document provides guidelines for creating a website for an Introduction to Sculpture course. Students must include: a bio page, project development page documenting 100 drawings and artist research, and a finished works page with documentation of completed projects, including titles, dimensions, materials, and images. The website should be hosted on platforms like Wix or Weebly and include at least 3 images of each finished work properly lit from different angles. Photoshop tutorials are provided for editing images by cropping, resizing to under 2MB, and adding captions with required metadata.
This document provides an orientation and schedule for a sculpture course in spring 2022. It outlines four projects: figure modeling in clay, plaster casting, silicon casting in aluminum, and laser cutting plywood. It then describes each project in more detail and provides a schedule listing the dates different projects and their components will be worked on and critiqued. The schedule spans January to April and includes orientation, work days, critiques, and a final cleaning day.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for creating a stop animation video in Photoshop. It outlines how to open photos as layers, check the layer orientation and fix any issues, create frames from the layers, adjust the timeline, and save the final animation as a GIF or MP4 file. Troubleshooting tips are also included, such as how to rotate individual layers, make layers the same size, and reduce file size if Photoshop refuses to render large images.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for creating laser cut files in Adobe Illustrator. It outlines setting the file format and dimensions, attaching a template image, tracing the template using the pen tool, adding guidelines, converting images to vectors, outlining text, and options for cutting versus engraving. It also includes links to tutorial videos demonstrating specific techniques like using the pen tool and measuring objects.
The document provides guidance for an architecture design maquette/diorama project. It outlines the objectives and requirements, which include utilizing at least 2 techniques from previous projects, submitting proposal and progress reports, and presenting the final design on a 23"x17" base. The design cannot be an ordinary house and must consider elements of design like unity, scale, proportion, and balance. It then provides examples and explanations of these elements, including varieties of unity (grid, pattern, color, minimal), scales (human, intimate, monumental), textures, and balances (dynamic/static, symmetry/asymmetry). Historic and modern architecture examples are shown. The document concludes with references for additional information.
This document provides instructions for a student sculpture project called "Trophy Project". Students will create a multi-media sculpture as a symbolic trophy for their future self after accomplishing goals. The trophy cannot be a typical cup on a pedestal, but must represent their message through metaphor, symbolism, or representation. Students will learn aluminum casting and laser cutting techniques to combine materials. Example trophies by professional designers are shown for inspiration in representation, metaphor, symbolism, and incarnation concepts. The requirements, process, examples, and tutorials are outlined for students to develop their ideas and create their trophies.
The document discusses key principles of design for digital formats. It covers prerequisites of design such as format, orientation, grid systems, and composition. It then explains Gestalt principles including proximity, similarity, closure, common fate, figure ground relationship, and good continuation. Finally, it outlines digital design strategies such as focus and line, space and body/scale and figure, color and unity, alignment, repetition, and pixel vs path considerations. The overall document provides an overview of foundational design concepts for visual composition and structure across different digital mediums.
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Mr. Brainwash ❤️ Beautiful Girl _ FRANK FLUEGEL GALERIE.pdfFrank Fluegel
Mr. Brainwash Beautiful Girl / Mixed Media / signed / Unique
Year: 2023
Format: 96,5 x 127 cm / 37.8 x 50 inch
Material: Fine Art Paper with hand-torn edges.
Method: Mixed Media, Stencil, Spray Paint.
Edition: Unique
Other: handsigned by Mr. Brainwash front and verso.
Beautiful Girl by Mr. Brainwash is a mixed media artwork on paper done in 2023. It is unique and of course signed by Mr. Brainwash. The picture is a tribute to his own most successful work of art, the Balloon Girl. In this new creation, however, the theme of the little girl is slightly modified.
In Mr. Brainwash’s mixed media artwork titled “Beautiful Girl,” we are presented with a captivating depiction of a little girl adorned in a summer dress, with two playful pigtails framing her face. The artwork exudes a sense of innocence and whimsy, as the girl is shown in a dreamy state, lifting one end of her skirt and looking down as if she were about to dance. Through the use of mixed media, Mr. Brainwash skillfully combines different artistic elements to create a visually striking composition. The vibrant colors and bold brushstrokes bring the artwork to life, evoking a sense of joy and happiness. The attention to detail in the girl’s expression and body language adds depth and character to the piece, allowing viewers to connect with the young protagonist on a personal and emotional level. “Beautiful Girl” is a testament to Mr. Brainwash’s unique artistic style, blending elements of street art, pop art, and contemporary art to create a visually captivating and emotionally resonant artwork.
The use of mixed media in “Beautiful Girl” adds an additional layer of complexity to the artwork. By combining different artistic techniques and materials, such as stencils, spray paint, and collage, Mr. Brainwash creates a dynamic and textured composition that grabs the viewer’s attention. The juxtaposition of different textures and patterns adds depth and visual interest to the piece, while also emphasizing the artist’s eclectic and experimental approach to art-making. The inclusion of collage elements, such as newspaper clippings and torn posters, further enhances the artwork’s urban and contemporary feel. Overall, “Beautiful Girl” is a visually captivating and thought-provoking artwork that showcases Mr. Brainwash’s talent for blending different artistic elements to create a truly unique and engaging piece.
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5. Proportion - Age
Since the upper and lower jawbones of
children are underdeveloped, the positions
of the eyes, nose and mouth are
concentrated in the lower part of the face
compared to adults. As growing, the chin
develops, and the eyes are in the half
position of the face.
10. Skull
The parietal bone, located between the frontal and
occipital bones, forms the apex of the skull.
The temporal bone is a slightly flat bone
on the side of the head. The lower part
overhangs like a vine of glasses, forming a
zygomatic arch and connecting to the
zygomatic bone.
Center
11. Skull of A Newborn
The newborn skull has a soft part called the cranial
fontanelle due to incomplete cranial suture. It is
around the age of 3 that these gaps are filled and the
bones are completely connected.
12. Head and Neck
• The protruding part
here is called the
external occipital
protuberance, and
when the head is
tilted forward, it can
be touched with
fingers. The contour
of the neck begins
with this ridge.
13. Neck and Spine
Supporting the weight of the human body is the spinal column that
passes through the midline of the back. The movable part of this spine
that supports the head is the cervical spine, which forms the neck.
There are seven cervical vertebrae, and the largest first cervical
vertebra acts as a fulcrum to support the head.
14. Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius
The most important and strong
muscles in the neck are the
sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius muscles. The
sternocleidomastoid muscle is a
strong muscle that connects the
sternum, the clavicle and the back
of the ear. This works together
with the trapezius muscle to
move the head back and forth
and left and right.
15. Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius
Turning one side of the head
straightens the
sternocleidomastoid muscle
The trapezius muscle
contracts when the head is
tilted back. At this time, the
sternocleidomastoid muscle
stretches, and the trapezius
muscle suppresses traction.
When the head is tilted
forward, the trapezius muscle
stretches and the
sternocleidomastoid muscle
contracts. At this time, the
muscles under the jaw sag
17. Eye
The eyeball is spherical, and the
pupil is slightly protruding. The
upper eyelid is quite thick and
opens and closes the eyes. The
lower eyelids hardly move.
18. Nose
The hard part from the base of the
nose to the middle is the nasal
bone.
The nasal bone follows the nasal
cartilage, forming the tip of the
nose.
The overhanging part of the nasal
cavity is adipose tissue.
19. Chin
The main muscles that work
when opening and closing the
mouth and engaging the teeth
are the temporal muscle,
masseter muscle, mentalis
muscle, and digastric muscle.
20. Masseter muscle
The masseter muscle is the
strongest muscle that
extends from the inside of
the zygomatic arch to the
mandibular angle. It works
with the temporalis muscle
and digastric muscle to
open and close the mouth.
23. Torso
Torso consists of the spinal column, thorax, and pelvis, and are
an important part of the body.
It connects the head, upper and lower limbs, and supports the
entire skeleton.
The rib cage and pelvis do not move much by themselves and
move as the spinal column flexes and stretches.
24. Spinal Column
The spinal column consists of
24 vertebrae, sacrum and nasal
bones. The vertebrae become
thicker and larger from the top
to the 7 cervical vertebrae, 12
thoracic vertebrae, and 5
lumbar vertebrae. The spinal
column is curved like an S-
shaped spring and supports
the weight of the whole body.
25. Vertebra
The transverse process is the starting point
of the muscle and acts as a rudder. The
spinous processes pop out on the back
and appear on the body surface. Vertebrae
that act as a rudder.
26. PelvisThe female pelvis is short and wide.
It has a flat shape.
The lower pelvic opening is also wide.
As for the connection with the spinal
column, in women’s, the entire pelvis
is tilted forward, and the sacrum and
coccyx protrude posteriorly and
upward. Men are facing up.
Female Male
27. The iliac ridge is hard and thick and
firmly supports the shape of the hip
The pelvis moves around the spinal
column. The three-dimensional
pelvis as a unit does not change its
shape by itself. The movement of
the spinal column changes the
orientation of the pelvis, and at the
same time, the thorax, which also
connect with the spinal column as
the central axis, changes its
orientation.
28. Sternum
The sternum consists of the sternum and
12 pairs of ribs, both of which are
collectively called the rib cage. The ribs
attach to the body of sternum and thoracic
spine, forming a birdcage-like shape. The
lungs and heart are contained and
protected in it. The long costal cartilage
connects the sternum to the ribs in order to
move up and down as a result of breathing.
29. Evolution History
The ancestors of mammals had ribs
throughout the torso, including the neck.
However, modern mammals have ribs only on
the chest to create a sturdy chest. The neck
and hips appear to have no ribs, but each
vertebra has small protrusions. Ribs
shortened at the neck and hips. Or, on the
chest, the ribs are longer.
Modern mammals take advantage of the fact
that their ribs are only on their chests for active
breathing.
30. Different Evolution - ex. Turtle
If human being has the same ribs with turtle’s…
All vertebrate evolved differently.
For example, the ribs of a turtle are its symbolic back shell. It
looks like a normal rib until it hatches. After that, it becomes a
flat rib by being integrated with another bone formed in the
dermis, and further, it creates a structure in which adjacent
objects in the front and back are firmly engaged with each
other, and the whole becomes one plate. A hard plate with a
changed epidermis covers the plate made of this bone, and a
shell is completed.
31. Pectoralis Major Muscle
The pectoralis major is a large
muscle that stands out in front of the
chest and exercises the upper arm.
Since the muscle cover the chest
from a wide range and narrowly
gather toward armpit. It works
powerfully when raising the upper
arm, such as throwing a ball.
32. Pectoralis Minor Muscle
The pectoralis minor is covered by
the pectoralis major and is invisible,
but it can be touched by the axilla. It
functions lowering the shoulder blade
and clavicle, and extending the arm.
33. Serratus Anterior Muscle
The serratus anterior muscle is a muscle
that looks zigzag on the outside of the
pectoralis major muscle. It works to pull
in the anterolateral direction of the
scapula.
34. Rectus Abdominis Muscle
The rectus abdominis muscle is long connecting
pubis and xiphoid process. The force is
strengthened by pressing the middle with a
tendon. The rectus abdominis consists of the
internal and external oblique muscles. The rectus
abdominis muscle contracts and it functions
bending forward. At that time, the erector spinae
muscles extend.
35. Trapezius Muscle and Latissimus Dorsi
• The trapezius muscle is a large
muscle that makes a curve in the
shoulder. It works to move the
shoulder blade. It is related to the
movement of the upper limbs.
• The latissimus dorsi is the muscle
that opposes the pectoralis major
and acts on the adduction of the
upper arm.
• The erector spinae muscles are
hidden behind the latissimus dorsi
muscles but connects vertically
inside the lumbar spine.
37. Scapula (Shoulder Blade)
The scapula (shoulder blade)
connects to the clavicle and
humerus, and the clavicle
connects to the sternum and
scapula. The scapula is not
directly connected to the
ribs/spine, but is mainly
supported by muscles.
The shoulder joint is outside
the torso and is easy to move
38. Shoulder -Muscle
The trapezius muscle - pulls the scapula posteriorly
medially and turns the inferior angle outward.
The rhomboid muscle - pulls the scapula inward and
downward.
The deltoid muscle - works for flexion and extension of
the shoulder joint and internal rotation.
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
The teres major muscle - assists the latissimus dorsi
muscle.
The teres minor muscle - acts to twist the arm outward.
39. Ulna/Radius
The ulna is articulated with respect
to the humerus at an outward
angle, so the little finger is about 4
inches away from the thigh.
With the elbow joint as the
fulcrum, the radius crosses around
the ulna in an X-shape
40. Triceps Brachii / biceps Brachii
Triceps brachii and biceps brachii
When you bend your elbow, your biceps contracts
and your triceps loosens and stretches. At this time,
the biceps brachii is the active muscle and the
triceps brachii is the antagonist muscle. Conversely,
when the elbow is extended, the triceps brachii
muscle contracts and the biceps brachii muscle
loosens and stretches. At this time, the triceps
brachii muscle is the active muscle, and the biceps
brachii muscle is the antagonist muscle.
In addition, if you are tense and your body is stiff,
you will not be able to move as you wish due to the
strength of both.
Muscles are sometimes called active muscles or antagonist muscles. Muscles work in only one direction. As a result,
most muscles work in pairs such as sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.
41. Forearm
The main muscles that move the
hands and fingers are from the
forearm.
The muscles of the forearm consist of
two groups of muscles, the flexor and
the extensor.
The flexor passes through the ulna of
the forearm.
The volar and extensor through the
radius and back of the hand.
42. Hand - Bone
The fine and complex movements of the
hand are made up of 27 small bones.
It consists of:
8 carpal bones that make up the wrist
5 metacarpal bones in the palm
5 proximal phalanges
4 middle phalanx bones
5 distal phalanx bones
The form of the joint between the radius
and the carpal is a condyloid joint.
Therefore, it bends at a right angle back
and forth, but the left and right bends are
as small as 60 degrees on the little finger
side and about 10 degrees on the thumb
side.
43. Hand - Muscle
All hand muscles are flexors, and
extensors come from the upper
and forearms. On the back side of
the hand, the extensor muscles
from the upper arm and forearm
are attached to each finger
separately. The radius on the volar
side and the flexors from the ulnar
side continue from the arm.
44. Finger
The opening and closing of the
fingers are mainly the functions
of the palmar interossei muscle
(closing the finger) and the
dorsal interossei muscle
(opening the finger), and the
extensor digitorum finger.
The extensor striate on the
wrist keeps these muscles
tightly tied to the wrist and
strengthens them.
46. Although the hip joint is spherical, it
cannot move as freely as arms can
because it is deeply incorporated
into the pelvis. However, the legs
have a spring-like arched skeleton
that moves dynamically, supports
the entire weight, and moves the
body.
47. Knee
The femur fits into the tibia and
bends the knee. At this time, the
patella is supported by ligaments.
When the knee is upright, the
patella fits into the joint and
prevents the foot from bending
forward.
48. Thigh
Sartorius is long muscles that straddle the hip
and knee joints and bend both joints.
The quadriceps (consists of rectus femoris,
vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis) is the main
muscle that extends the knee joint to the
forehead.
49. Lower Leg - flexor
The gastrocnemius muscle
stands on the tip of the toe
and bends toward the sole of
the foot when jumping.
The soleus muscle is bent
toward the sole of the foot,
and the lower leg is pulled
back when standing upright.
50. Lower Leg – flexor -2
Popliteal muscle works for flexion and
internal rotation of the knee joint
The flexor digitorum longus moves
when stepping on or jumping.
51. Lower Leg - Extensor
The tibialis anterior muscle flexes to
the dorsal side of the foot.
The extensor hallucis longus stretches
the thumb and bends it to the dorsal
side.
The extensor digitorum longus extends
the second to fifth fingers and bends
to the dorsal side.
52. Foot - Bone
the foot is formed arched. This
space acts as a cushion to support
your weight and reduce the impact
on your feet when walking.
The calcaneus is the bone of the
heel, which is the largest of the
tarsal bones and is the center of
gravity of the whole body when
standing.
When raising the heel, joints
work with as the fulcrum
53. Foot - Muscle/Tendon
There are no muscles on the back
of the hand, only tendons, but the
legs have muscles on both sides.
Most of the leg muscles are
supported by ligaments at the
ankles and serve to convey
movements to the bones as much
as possible so that the tendons do
not pop out with each movement.
However, only the Achilles tendon
is not supported by the ligaments.