1. Historical criticism is an approach that examines works in their historical and biographical context to better understand influences on the author and meanings in the work. It looks at both the world of the time period during which a work was created and details of the author's own life. 2. Historical criticism also considers the context and circumstances of the readers of a work to gain insight into how they might have interpreted it based on current events. 3. The approach aims to understand influences on a work from the political, economic, and social environment of the author as well as circulating ideas to illuminate hidden meanings and the author's intentions.

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2. a. Historical and Biographical Criticism
b. Context
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3.  Historical / Biographical critics see works as the
reflection of an author's life and times (or of the
characters' life and times).They believe it is
necessary to know about the author and the
political, economical, and sociological context of
his times in order to truly understand his works.
Historical Criticism insisted that to understand a
literary piece, we need to understand the author's
biography and social background, ideas circulating
at the time, and the cultural setting.
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4. plural contexts
Learner's definition of CONTEXT
[count, noncount]
1 the words that are used with a certain word or phrase and that help to
explain its meaningTo really know a word, you must be able to use it in
context. [=in a sentence with other words]
◊ If the words that someone has said are taken or quoted out of context, they
are repeated without explaining the situation in which they were said so that
their meaning is changed.
When taken out of context, his comments sound cruel, but he was really only
joking.
actor claimed he'd been quoted out of context.
2 : the situation in which something happens : the group of conditions that
exist where and when something happensWe need to look at the event within
the larger/broader context of world history.
The book puts these events in their proper historical and social contexts.
We need to consider these events in context.
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5. a.The world behind the text
b.The life of the author
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6. 1. Historical criticism looks at ‘the world behind the
text,’ by understanding the time the text was written
and what other events took place upon the writing of
the text.
2. Historical criticism investigates details about the
author’s life – about his family, birthplace, and
educational background that could be used to better
understand the text.
3. Historical criticism also investigates the context
and life of the reader of the text, by understanding
current events in relation to the meaning of the text.
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7. MANILA, Philippines - A man died after
jumping off an overpass along the North Luzon
Expressway interchange in Paso de Blas,
Valenzuela City, snarling traffic in the area
Tuesday night. Renjie Navarro died instantly
after he fell on passing vehicles along the
highway,Valenzuela police chief Senior
Superintendent RhoderickArmamento said.
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8. Reports said barangay watchmen saw
Navarro apparently waiting for vehicles
before he jumped off the overpass at
around 10:30 p.m. One of the watchmen,
Antonio Ligasan, approached Navarro and
tried to persuade him not to jump but to
no avail.
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9. Medrano said the victim’s
identification card shows that Navarro
was a worker at a factory in Barangay
Parada,Valenzuela. Police checked the
closed-circuit television camera
installed in the area but it was not
operational when the incident
happened.
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10.  Write questions about the given article on
your notebook.
 Write as many questions as you can for 2
minutes.
 Get ready to be called.
 Write one question on the board.
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11. 1. Read the poem quietly for five (5) minutes.
2. What was your experience in reading the
poem?Was it easy or difficult to read?Why?
3. What words make it a difficult poem?
4. What is the tone of the poem? How does it
sound like?
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12. Blood is nothing. Space is all. Is. A simple
diagram illustrates this:
 whereA is the tenth floor of steel and
glass (He was on the noon shift forging the
dream to a reality fine mean could slumber in,
or whores, in antechamber, touch their bone)
and B the level earth (Above the clogged
engine a shadow traced the lines on his foot,
while shoot his brain with firelights the
money did).
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13.  Put down an imaginary circle around the
vertical. Compute the square of guilt against
an integral his age built when he was young:
wrong, axiomatic: the sum stands thus: Along
the curve X (none noticed the leap; what they
saw was the red imprint) by which we know
the nothing particular, the momentum
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14.  carried him to the point beyond the dictum— Hic
primus geometros—for a body physical, a Mass, emits
energy equal to zero, the stay Necessary to arrive at a
base, as in Berger’s Formula for optics. Here we
remember the fallacy of inclusive force if we extend A
to the absolute (He was, a day ago, threatenedWith
dismissal for displeasing a superior) and call it the
Cause: heat, hunger, air— these were just contingent.
To recapitulate: Berger’s law does not apply here, as
the late Projections of X show, space being non-
mathematic; from A to B the descent exhibits a quick
increase in force, though the exact ellipsis we know
not. (The Blank and Blank Co., Inc., regrets to
announce that. . .)Chiqui Labastilla 14

15. Look at the words inside the parentheses:
A. He was on the noon shift forging the dream to a reality
fine mean could slumber in, or whores, in antechamber,
touch their bone
B. Above the clogged engine a shadow traced the lines
on his foot, while shoot his brain with firelights the
money did
C. None noticed the leap; what they saw was the red
imprint
D. He was, a day ago, threatened with dismissal for
displeasing a superior
E. Blank and Blank Co., Inc., regrets to announce that…
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16.  “Group Facilitators”
 “Scribes”
 “Reporters.”
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17.  Each group needs to discuss the following
questions:
a.Who are the character/s present in this line?
b.What do you think happened here?
c.This line contributed to the man’s death. How
does this affect his decision to “fall on his
death”?
d. Presentation of group answers.
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18. Content -5 pts Did the presentation have valuable material?
Collaboration – 5 pts Did everyone contribute to the presentation? Did everyone
seem well versed in the material?
Organization – 5 pts Was the presentation well organized and easy to follow?
Presentation – 5 pts Did the presenters speak clearly? Did they engaged the
audience?Was it obvious the material had been rehearsed?
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19.  Write an essay to respond to the following
questions:
a. What are the details about Cirilo Bautista’s life that
tells of his background on scientific studies and
humanities?
b.Was there a tragedy that happened during the
author’s lifetime that motivated him to write about
this topic?
c. How do companies treat casualties from their
companies these days?
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