Mobile sources of pollution such as cars, trucks, planes, and ships emit harmful gases when they burn fossil fuels. The key sources were identified as road vehicles like cars and motorbikes, and non-road sources like planes, ships, and trains. Regulations have targeted reducing emissions through more stringent fuel and vehicle standards, requiring devices like catalytic converters, and promoting alternatives to driving like biking and public transportation. While progress has been made in reducing various air pollutants, continued innovation and policy measures are still needed to control mobile source emissions.
Global Emissions Systems Inc., is a privately held company located in Whitby Ontario that specializes in the design, engineering and manufacture of advanced emission control technologies. Our technology reduces up to 99% of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons, (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for any commercial fuel burning engine including gasoline, propane, natural gas, diesel and bio-diesel. Please see www.gesi.us for more information.
Carbon monoxide Content of Exhaust Emissions from Agricultural Tractor Engine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims at contributing to the information buildup required for advocating the need for urgent reduction of environmental pollution by exhaust emissions from fossil fuel powered Engines in Nigeria. It was, concluded from the results obtained from the study that carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of agricultural tractors are approximately forty nine(49) times higher than the recommended maximum level of 0.5 % vol CO (v/v) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). FIAT 70-666 contributed the largest content of 2.9 % vol of CO (v/v) while MASSEY FERGUSSON MF 375 contributed the least amount of 1.7 % vol of CO(v/v). Only the engine capacity had significant effect on the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of the agricultural tractors; the model/make selection did not significantly affect the CO content of their exhaust emissions.
Global Emissions Systems Inc., is a privately held company located in Whitby Ontario that specializes in the design, engineering and manufacture of advanced emission control technologies. Our technology reduces up to 99% of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons, (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for any commercial fuel burning engine including gasoline, propane, natural gas, diesel and bio-diesel. Please see www.gesi.us for more information.
Carbon monoxide Content of Exhaust Emissions from Agricultural Tractor Engine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims at contributing to the information buildup required for advocating the need for urgent reduction of environmental pollution by exhaust emissions from fossil fuel powered Engines in Nigeria. It was, concluded from the results obtained from the study that carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of agricultural tractors are approximately forty nine(49) times higher than the recommended maximum level of 0.5 % vol CO (v/v) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). FIAT 70-666 contributed the largest content of 2.9 % vol of CO (v/v) while MASSEY FERGUSSON MF 375 contributed the least amount of 1.7 % vol of CO(v/v). Only the engine capacity had significant effect on the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of the agricultural tractors; the model/make selection did not significantly affect the CO content of their exhaust emissions.
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Air Pollution, Sources of air pollution, types of pollutants, sources of pollutants from I.C. Engines, Effect of pollutants on health, Emission Standards
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Air Pollution, Sources of air pollution, types of pollutants, sources of pollutants from I.C. Engines, Effect of pollutants on health, Emission Standards
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF EXHAUST POLLUTANTS, FUEL CONSUMPTION AND AVAILABLE FUEL C...IAEME Publication
The effects of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption on petrol and diesel vehicles during stop/restart condition, idling condition, small roundabout, different road conditions and traffic signals are reviewed. The vehicle idling conditions and different accessories effect such as electrical light effects, air conditioning, heater, music system, and refrigerator etc. have major impact on the fuel consumption and emission pollutants. The effects of idling on consumption of fuel and exhaust
pollutants of diesel vehicles and heavy duty trucks are studied and exhaust emissions are 16500 gm per hour, 86.4 gm per hour, 5130 gm per hour, 4 gm per hour and 375 gm per hour for carbon dioxide (CO2), unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) respectively.
1. Mobile sources of pollution are emitters of harmful gases
into the atmosphere which can move from place to place.
These can include:
Road Sources
• Cars & Motorbikes
• Lorries
• Public Transport
Non Road Sources
• Planes
• Marine Transport
• Trains
1. Identify Key Sources
Proper investigation to identify the main sources of pollution
must be carried out to focus control efforts. Calculation of
emissions and air quality , e.g. in Texas’ remote sensory tests,
will provide an extensive dataset for use.
2. Regulate Vehicle Manufacturing
Emission standards must be regulated to reduce ownership of
high emitting vehicles. The EU Vehicle Emission Standards,
Euro 6 2014 (below), enforce limits with severe fines for
manufacturers who fail to comply, improving engine efficiency
in the industry.
3. Regulate Fuel Sector
The chemical content of fossil fuels must be regulated to
remove as many harmful substances as possible from the
combustion process, as seen in the removal of lead from
petrol fuel.
4. Innovation
Requirement of catalytic converters (below) to change harmful
materials in vehicle exhaust systems into less harmful
substances has been a significant breakthrough in emission
control. The process permits complete combustion at lower
temperatures, reducing the quantity and severity of emitted
materials.
Additionally, development of hybrid systems have reduced
reliance on fully fossil fuelled vehicles.
5. Reduce fuel use/ Alternative Transport Options
Introduction of alternatives to fossil fuel vehicles, for example
cycle lanes and footpaths (right). Furthermore, incentives
to reduce fuel use, for example congestion
charge or subsidies for cleaner forms of
transport, will steer the public away from
harmful emitters.
Control Methods of Principle Mobile Sources of Pollution
Why Do Mobile Sources Emit Pollutants?
Types of Harmful Emission3
1 What Are Mobile Sources?
• Burning of fossil fuels in the process of propelling
vehicles results in a variety of harmful emissions.
• Fuel + Air Hydrocarbons + N02 + CO2 + CO+ H20
These emissions can be particularly severe in vehicles with
incomplete combustion of the fuel, which can be caused by:
• Inadequate temperatures in engine (right)
• Uncoordinated cylinder ignitions
• Insufficient oxygen in engine for ignition
• Imperfect mixing of fuel and air
Common types of air pollutants from mobile sources are:
• Carbon Monoxide
Sourced from incomplete combustion of carbon in vehicles.
Can affect oxygen delivery to major organs when inhaled
• Carbon Dioxide
Major greenhouse gas generated from combustion process
of carbon, contributes to climate change.
• Nitrous Oxides
Developed during high temperature combustion, can irritate
airways and affect lung function over long exposure
• Hydrocarbons
Leftover from incomplete combustion of fuel, causes smog,
and can cause serious respiratory and cardiovascular
problems.
• Atmospheric Particulate
Incomplete combustion in vehicles results in leftover visible
air based matter, can penetrate lungs and develop
respiratory problems e.g. asthma
• Air Based Toxins
Toxic substances released from combustion, known or
suspected to cause problems such as cancer
C0
C02
N0x
E.g.. Methane CH4
E.g.. Soot
E.g.. Benzene C6H6
Environmental Pollution Management, Assignment A- Gordon Best
Controlling Emissions 4
2
Progress So Far 5
Solutions have reduced UK atmospheric Concentrations of :
Nitrogen Dioxide Carbon Monoxide
Ozone Particulate Matter
Ref- DEFRA, 2015
Ref- Princeton.edu,2015
Ref- EPA, 2016
Ref-DEFRA & EPA, 2016
Ref-GOV.uk, 2016