The document analyzes the public transit system in Sarajevo and proposes ways to increase its capacity. It reviews the current tram, bus, and trolleybus lines and notes many vehicles are old. To better serve the city's 688,354 residents, the document recommends implementing bus rapid transit and light rail transit systems, which could carry more passengers per hour. It also suggests optimizing transit through smart ticketing, mobile apps providing transit information, and privatizing the public transit company to address its financial problems and modernize the system to increase Sarajevo's public transportation capacity.

1. ANALYSIS OF SARAJEVO TRANSIT
SYSTEM AND A PROPOSAL FOR
INCREASING SYSTEM CAPACITY
SELMAN KAYMAZ

2. Outline
• UrbanTransportation Problems
• Benefits of PublicTransportation
• Review of SarajevoTransit System
• Increasing Capacity by using BRT and LRT
• OptimizingTransit Solutions
• Conclusions

3. Public Transportation
• A system of vehicles such as buses and trains which operate at
regular times on fixed routes and are used by the public

4. Urban Transportation Problems
• Traffic Congestion and parking difficulties
• Inadequacy public transport
• Environmental Impacts and Energy Consumption
• Automobile Dependency
• High maintenance costs
• Longer commuting
• Difficulties for non-motorized transport
• Loss of Public Space.

5. Main Benefits of Public Transportation
• Public transport is more cheaper then Private transport
• It is a good way to travel in long trips and in short trips
• You don’t get remained in traffic jam if every one uses public
transport
• With public transport you can have a comfortable journey
• You don’t cause air pollution
• Public transport is more safer than private transport.

6. • Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including
Sarajevo, East Sarajevo and surrounding municipalities, is home to 688,354 inhabitants.
• Sarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in
theBalkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts.

7. How many people are resident in Sarajevo?
• few (500, 000)
Why do people use the city centre?
• Shop, work, entertainment
When are traffic problems at their peak? Why?
• Morning and evening rush hours – daily commuters
What issues face commuters?
• Long journeys to work, grid locked congestion, crawling traffic, where to park the car
Are the issues local or global?
• Both – poor air pollution causes health problems, fatigue, headaches, bronchitis, asthma
• Discolours buildings
• Greenhouse effect...
Consider: Survey

8. Nestled within the
greater Sarajevo
valley of Bosnia, it is
surrounded by
the Dinaric Alps and
situated along the
Miljacka River in the
heart of Southeastern
Europe and
the Balkans.

9. Sarajevo Public Transportation
• There are some new, but also some very old trams in Sarajevo.This is
the most popular form of public transport in the city and trams are
very often overcrowded.
• There are tram, trolleybus, bus and minibus lines which you can take
to reach all major locations in Sarajevo.
• City buses link the parts of town that are not well-connected by tram
or trolleybus lines and minibuses connect the center to outlying
sections of Sarajevo up on the surrounding hills.

10. History of KJKP “GRAS”
Public city transport organisation in Sarajevo, B&H
• GRAS; Sarajevo public transport company, is the name of the company, which manages and
operates public transportation in Sarajevo
• Transporting passengers since 1885
• 1885 First horse-pulled tram
• 1895 First electrical tram in Austro-Hungarian monarchy
• In 2002
• 4 forms of passengers transportation
 Tram, troley, bus, minibus
• 2000 employees
• 174,000,000 passengers
You can buy city bus tickets at almost any news stand in the
Sarajevo. The first ride is at 05:00 and the last at 01:00 a.m.

11. Number of passengers
(millions)
2005 2006 2007 2008
Bus 40.37 41.11 41.44
41.75
(34%)
Tram 51.00 51.11 51.98
52.72
(42%)
Trolley 20.36 21.12 21.43
21.65
(17%)
Mini-bus 10.33 11.11 11.03 11.13 (7%)
2002 line km passengers
KJKP “GRAS” 92 14,770,491 174,000,000
Tram 7 21.7 % 47.7 %
Troley 4 15.3 % 15.7 %
Bus 49 46 % 29.6 %
Minibus 32 16.9 % 7.1 %

12. Bus
• Bus is one of the best common and important public transportation in
Sarajevo City.
• Single-ride tickets are 1.60/1.80KM from kiosks/drivers
• 44 Bus lines- possible to find and reach buses all around Sarajevo

13. İETT donated 30 buses to GRAS, Sarajevo

15. Trolleybus
• Trolleybus is an electric bus that draws power from overhead wires using spring-
loaded trolley poles. Two wires and poles are required to complete the electrical
circuit. In 1939, the first trolleybus appeared on the streets of Sarajevo
• The operator usually uses ropes to guide the trolley poles to contact the overhead
wires.This cause delay trams and buses and affect many passengers badly
• 8 Lines; Trolleybus is very convenient for all visitors that arrive at the East Sarajevo
Bus Station.
• So old system and Unsightly.
 Trg Austrije – Otoka
 Jezero – Otoka
 Trg Austrije – Dobrinja
 Trg Austrije – Mojmilo
 Jezero – Dobrinja
 Otoka – Dobrinja
 Vogošća – Trg 6. Aprila
 Otoka – Vogošća

16. Tram
• Sarajevo was the first city in Europe to have a full-time (from dawn to dusk)
operational electric tram line in 1885, introduced shortly after the city became
part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. Since then, the trams have been important
in the development and expansion of the city.
• Many trams were badly damaged during the Bosnian war (92-96) for
independence. Several European countries donated trams out of service to
Sarajevo in the years after the war.
• In recent years, the authorities have gradually upgraded to more modern vehicles
to expand the fleet.
• Six routes are presently in operation on the system, often only a specific section
of the track. Only route 3 operates the entire length.

17. • Route 1: Željeznička stanica –
Baščaršija
• Route 2: ČengićVila – Baščaršija
• Route 3: Ilidža – Baščaršija
• Route 4: Ilidža – Željeznička stanica
• Route 5: Nedžarići – Baščaršija
• Route 6: Ilidža – Skenderija
• Route 7: Nedžarići – Skenderija
(currently not running)
One of trams that is a gift of theTurkish city of Konya to GRAS

18. Tram Lines

19. Capacity Utilization of Public Transportations
• The capacity should be defined as the maximum number of passengers per hour a given mode
could carry at its maximum average operating speed.
• Capacity is a technical concept that is of considerable interest to operators, planners and service
designers.
• BRT and LRT system capacity depends on the following items
• Vehicle passenger capacity
• The number of vehicles
• The frequency of vehicles between stops
• Vehicle occupancy rates
• The use of technology level
• Service and business structure
• Safety, comfort, affordable prices

20. • The inverse of the headway is called the frequency, essentially
capturing the number of vehicles per unit time past a certain point on
a route, usually measured in vehicles per hour.
• As an example, a route with a 15-minute headway has a frequency of
4 vehicles per hour.
• A bus route with a frequency of 6 buses/hour and a maximum of 55
persons on each bus has a capacity of 330 passengers per hour. A rail
line with a frequency of 15 trains/hour (4 min headways) with 6 cars
per train and a maximum of 150 persons per car has a capacity of
13,500 passengers per hour.

21. BRT and LRT Systems for Capacity
Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems and light rail
transit (LRT) systems take the place and space
of common transportations in the world.

22. • At this stage, the
attributes of BRT
and LRT are quite
well aligned, as
long as the
adequate
segregation is
provided for the
BRT. However, LRT
can generally offer
more capacity,
presumably making
it the preferred
option.
• Generally, in order
to increase the
capacity of
transportations
LRT and BRT is
good choice
modes. Both of
them are so useful
for streets of

23. It is estimated that
about 31.7 million
passengers use
BRT worldwide
everyday, of which
about 19.7 million
passengers ride
daily in Latin
America, which has
the most cities
with BRT systems,
with 60, led by
Brazil with 33 cities

24. Types of Bus For Sarajevo
• Gras and Sarajevo municipalities may move away from a standard,
single-level, 40-foot bus to higher-capacity buses, such as double-
decked buses or articulated buses.These bus types may have
significantly higher passenger loads than a standard bus
• Buses should obtain with new technology in Sarajevo center.

25. Transit solutions should make to develop and find to some
new simulation models, methods and technics of transfer
operations at stops and between them to increase the
capacity in Sarajevo.
Optimization
 SMART APPLICATION
 SMART STATION
 SMART TICKETING
The companies BH Telecom, Unimedia and GRAS signed
a contract on the bus info services for users of public
transport in Sarajevo Canton Bus Info Android App

26. RFID stands for Radio-frequency
identification. It has a chip on the
card to read in the system.
RFID cards are used for access
control to public transport.
In Sarajevo RFID cards have started
to use between Vijećnica-Dobrinja
line as called “Elektronska Karta -
electronic card”. Travellers can use
it on the trams, buses and
trolleybus.
The card has very easy working
system by touching in and out on
the card readers to pay the right
fare.
RFID CARD
Fare and ticketing

27. PRIVATION
• Privatization is the process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency, charity or
public service from the public sector (the state or government) or common use to the private
sector (businesses that operate for a private profit) or to private non-profit organizations.
• Gras has a big debt -B&H Elektroprivreda (EPB&H), 2.969.739,27 KM (around 1.518.403 EUR)
• GRAS has been left without electricity in all of its business units, and tram and trolley
transportation in Sarajevo has been completely stopped.
• Sarajevo is sometimes left without public transport after staffs at the transport company go on
strike, demanding payment of late salaries and better conditions. Paying big debts are so hard
and impossible for Gras.
• In order to solve financial problems GRAS needs to get privation,
 to reduce the burden on Government
 help profit making public sector unit to modernize
 diversify their business
 in making public sector unit more competitive
Privatization leads to improving the quality of decision making.

28. Other Basic Solution
• Lower cost ticket at less crowded time (launch): specially for housewifes
• Putting information panel- Modern signalling system and software applications (shows busy roads)
• Smart roads and Flyovers ( If flyovers can be construction in the main roads then the vehicles can move on the roads
as well as on the flyovers at the same time.That will surely reduce the load on the busy roads. )
• Office/School time scheduling (7 am School, 9 am work ) Government has successfully implement different timing
schedule for schools
 All have reduced traffic congestion and the load on the roads.

29. Conclusions
Public transportation keeps cars off the roads, reduces congestion for everyone
who drives, and improves air quality for all. And the mobility enabled by transit
helps Sarajevo City economy and quality of life, giving people more choices for
getting around.
Investments should be focused on maintaining and modernizing our transit
system. Modernization includes adopting advanced technology, using real-time
arrival information, and better coordination of services-all of which will help
improve how transit operates and is perceived. More public transportations help to
increase the capacity and decrase traficc jam.
Passengers wait smart stations, applications, green, safer and faster vehicles in
Sarajevo city.