This document provides an introduction to plastic theory for the analysis of structures. It discusses key concepts like the idealized stress-strain curve, assumptions of plastic theory, formation of plastic hinges, and the concept of shape factor. Shape factor is the ratio of the plastic moment capacity to the elastic moment capacity of a cross-section. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating shape factors for different cross-sections, including rectangular, I-sections, unsymmetrical sections, and diamond-shaped sections.
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
Introduction-Plastic hinge concept-plastic section modulus-shape factor-redistribution of moments-collapse mechanism.
Theorems of plastic analysis - Static/lower bound theorem; Kinematic/upper bound theorem-Plastic analysis of beams and portal frames by equilibrium and mechanism methods.
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
Introduction-Plastic hinge concept-plastic section modulus-shape factor-redistribution of moments-collapse mechanism.
Theorems of plastic analysis - Static/lower bound theorem; Kinematic/upper bound theorem-Plastic analysis of beams and portal frames by equilibrium and mechanism methods.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Design and Detailing of RC Deep beams as per IS 456-2000VVIETCIVIL
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1. DEEP BEAM DEFINITION - IS 456
2. DEEP BEAM APPLICATION
3. DEEP BEAM TYPES
4. BEHAVIOUR OF DEEP BEAMS
5. LEVER ARM
6. COMPRESSIVE FORCE PATH CONCEPT
7. ARCH AND TIE ACTION
8. DEEP BEAM BEHAVIOUR AT ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
9. REBAR DETAILING
10. EXAMPLE 1 – SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAM
11. EXAMPLE 2 – SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAM; M20, FE415
12. EXAMPLE 3: FIXED ENDS AND CONTINUOUS DEEP BEAM
13. EXAMPLE 4 : FIXED ENDS AND CONTINUOUS DEEP BEAM
Stiffness method of structural analysisKaran Patel
This method is a powerful tool for analyzing indeterminate structures. One of its advantages over the flexibility method is that it is conducive to computer programming.
Stiffness method the unknowns are the joint displacements in the structure, which are automatically specified.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Design and Detailing of RC Deep beams as per IS 456-2000VVIETCIVIL
Visit : https://teacherinneed.wordpress.com/
1. DEEP BEAM DEFINITION - IS 456
2. DEEP BEAM APPLICATION
3. DEEP BEAM TYPES
4. BEHAVIOUR OF DEEP BEAMS
5. LEVER ARM
6. COMPRESSIVE FORCE PATH CONCEPT
7. ARCH AND TIE ACTION
8. DEEP BEAM BEHAVIOUR AT ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
9. REBAR DETAILING
10. EXAMPLE 1 – SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAM
11. EXAMPLE 2 – SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAM; M20, FE415
12. EXAMPLE 3: FIXED ENDS AND CONTINUOUS DEEP BEAM
13. EXAMPLE 4 : FIXED ENDS AND CONTINUOUS DEEP BEAM
Stiffness method of structural analysisKaran Patel
This method is a powerful tool for analyzing indeterminate structures. One of its advantages over the flexibility method is that it is conducive to computer programming.
Stiffness method the unknowns are the joint displacements in the structure, which are automatically specified.
Theory of Plasticity is a very important topic in solid mechanics & Strength of Materials. It is very very useful for Mechanical & Civil Engineering students.
Diseno en ingenieria mecanica de Shigley - 8th ---HDes
descarga el contenido completo de aqui http://paralafakyoumecanismos.blogspot.com.ar/2014/08/libro-para-mecanismos-y-elementos-de.html
This document gives the class notes of Unit 6: Bending and shear Stresses in beams. Subject: Mechanics of materials.
Syllabus contest is as per VTU, Belagavi, India.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
Designed a torque arm, with Multi Point Constraints applied to the center of the arm. The FEA software used for this purpose was ABAQUS. The analysis was performed two major element types: Triangular Elements and Quadrilateral Elements, with relatively equal number of nodes in each case and a convergence study was conducted. The aim of the project was to obtain the optimal design parameters of the torque arm by optimization (minimize weight).
ELASTO-PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF A HEAVY DUTY PRESS USING F.E.M AND NEUBER’S APPR...IAEME Publication
Heavy duty presses are subjected to extreme load conditions especially during operations like bending, shearing, drawing etc. It generates very high stresses in the punch and die of the press tool. As a sequel to this, failure of the press tool occurs, sometimes prematurely. Hence estimation of the stresses under severe load conditions is of paramount importance.
The relationship between stress and deformation will be covered in this section, and some of the important elastic material properties such as Young’s modulus and the modulus of rigidity will be defined.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
1. Presented by
Dr. Subhash V. Patankar
Department of Civil Engineering,
Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon,
Dist:Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: patankarsubhashcivil@sanjivani.org.in,
Mobile No. : 8087482971
2. CONTENTS
1) Introduction
2) Concept of Plastic Theory
3) Idealised stress-Strain Curve
4) Shape Factor
5) Uniqueness Theorem
6) Static method of analysis of beams
7) Kinematical method of analysis of beams
8) Examples
3. INTRODUCTION
Theory of elasticity:
Generally in analysis of structures, we have assumed that
materials behaved elastically in which stress is
proportional to strain.
It obey the Hookes Law.
This concept is used in analysis and design of structure
subjected to various types of loading.
For the design of structures, service loads or working
loads are consider.
Only up to yield point of material is considered and
hence reserve capacity of material is not utilised.
So, the section is thick and not economical.
4. Theory of Plasticity:
From experimental results of actual stress-strain curve
of mild steel, it is observe that the material is neither
fail at yield point (yield stress) nor fail at ultimate
point (Maximum stress).
But it fails at maximum strain. That means elastic
materials have reserve capacity/ strength which is not
utilised in concept of theory of elasticity.
If load increases beyond elastic limit, It was observed
that the section did not fail as yield strength
developed only at top & bottom fibres of section.
Towards NA, development of stress is less than yield
value.
5. So, to utilised such large reserve strength of materials,
plastic theory was introduced by Kazinczy.
It is assumed that the structure does not failed/collapse
at yield load but there is a plasticizasion of inner and
inner fibers.
If further increase in load beyond elastic limit, it is
observed that there is formation of plastic hinge at NA
in such a way that both zone (tension & compression)
rotate at imaginary point.
This concept is used in deign of steel structures as
well as RCC.
6. Idealised Stress-strain Curve
€
Elastic range
Strain Hardening
Actual & Idealised Stress-Strain Curve for M.S.
σ
Plastic range
Elastic range
Plastic range
σ
€
7. Assumptions used in Plastic Theory
Plane section before bending remains plane after bending.
Stress-Strain diagram is a straight line up to yield point and
beyond that, it is horizontal line till the failure occur i.e.
strain hardening effect is neglected.
Stress strain diagram is same for both tension and
compression.
Area of cross section above and below NA is same
The effect of axial load and shear on fully plastic moment
capacity of the section is neglected.
Sufficient number of plastic hinges are formed to transform
the structure into a collapse mechanism.
Plastic hinges are imaginary points where both zones are
rotated and it will developed only at the critical sections.
Plastic bending moment remains constant.
9. Mp
C
T
C/S of Beam Fb=Fy Fy Fy Mp
BMD
L
Development of Plastic Hinge
M= Mp
W=0 to Wu
Concept of Plastic Hinge
10. Concept of Plastic Hinge
Consider a simply supported beam of span L is
subjected to a point load ‘W’ at center as shown in
fig.
If point load is zero, bending moment is zero and
hence bending stress is also zero. (Neglect self weight
of beam)
If load W increases then bending stress developed in
the section also increases linearly up to elastic limit
i.e. σb σy.
11. But beyond elastic limit, if the load continuously
increase then inner and inner fibres get yielded but the
sections does not fail.
Beyond this stage, if load further increases continuously
then stress cannot be increase beyond yield stress at top
and bottom fibre. But their plasticization take place.
This stage is called elasto-plastic stage.
If load continuously increase beyond this stage then
gradually complete plasticization of both zones above
and below NA take place.
12. At this stage, both tension and compression zones are
connected to each other with very small point (hinge)
on which they rotate. This imaginary hinge is called as
plastic hinge.
Plastic Moment (Mp) is the maximum moment
developed at critical section due to formation of plastic
hinge.
Mathematically Mp = σy.Zp
13. Shape Factor
It is the ratio of plastic moment (Mp) to the yield or
elastic moment (Me or My) of a given section.
It is denoted by S
Mathematically, S = =
S =
14. Calculation of Shape Factor
1. Calculate Elastic Moment,
Me =
2. Calculate Plastic Moment,
Mp =
3. Calculate Shape Factor,
K =
15. Mp
C
T
C/S of Beam σb = σy Mp
Plastic Moment:
Apply flexure formula,
σb = M/Z,
Compressive force C and
Tensile force T forms the
couple,
C = σy. Ac, and leaver arm (a) = Yc + Yt
As per assumption, total area of section in compression must be
equal to total area in tension below plastic Neutral axis.
Ac = At = A/2
As the section is symmetrical, we can say Yc Yt = D/4,
Mp = C. (Yc + Yt)
Mp = σy.(A/2). (Yc + Yt) and also Mp = σy.Zp
Mp =σy.Zp
16. Mp
C
T
C/S of Beam σb = σy Mp
(TOP)
C/S of Beam σb = σy (TOE)
Example1: To find the shape
factor of rectangular C/s of a beam
In theory of elasticity,
Me = σb.Ze,
σb=σy & Z = b.D2/6,
Me = σy(b.D2/6)
In theory of Plasticity,
Mp = σy. Zp
= σy.(A/2). (Yc + Yt)
For rectangular section,
A = b.D, Yc = Yt = D/4
Mp = σy. b.D. (D/4 + D/4)/2
= σy.b. D2/4
Shape Factor = Mp/Me
K =Ks = 1.5
24. 2. Plastic moment (Mp):
As section is unsymmetrical, So from equal area
concept, find Plastic N.A.
Let plastic neutral axis is at a distance ‘h’ from top
flange
h = 32.5 mm from top
26. Example4: Calculate the shape factor for the cross-section
shown in Fig. If fy = 250 N/mm2. Calculate the plastic
moment capacity of the section, Mp.
28. Example6: Calculate the shape factor for the cross-section shown
in Fig. If fy = 250 N/mm2. Calculate the plastic moment capacity
of the section, Mp.
h
b
29. Example7: Calculate the shape factor for the diamond shape
cross-section as shown in Fig. If fy = 250 N/mm2. Calculate the
plastic moment capacity of the section, Mp.
d
b