Decision Tree & Decision Table
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
Data Dictionary (DD)
Element of DD
Advantages & Disadvantages of DD
Input/Output Design
Pseudo Code
Case Studies on Above Topic
JAD and RAD ~ Joint Application Development and Rapid Application Development ~ are IBM-developed methodologies for improved User acceptance of higher quality business solutions. Together they build on Software Engineering tools and group decision making techniques through the use of a trained JAD Facilitator. The methodologies have proven to be effective beyond software development to course development, product development, project management work breakdown structures and any effort that requires group consensus decisions. Several JAD-like agile software development techniques have evolved such as SCRUM and PRiSM. John Crosby was the IBM curriculum owner for JAD/RAD courses and extended the method adding business process and data modeling.
JAD and RAD ~ Joint Application Development and Rapid Application Development ~ are IBM-developed methodologies for improved User acceptance of higher quality business solutions. Together they build on Software Engineering tools and group decision making techniques through the use of a trained JAD Facilitator. The methodologies have proven to be effective beyond software development to course development, product development, project management work breakdown structures and any effort that requires group consensus decisions. Several JAD-like agile software development techniques have evolved such as SCRUM and PRiSM. John Crosby was the IBM curriculum owner for JAD/RAD courses and extended the method adding business process and data modeling.
Introduction to Operating Systems: Function, Evolution, Different Types, Desirable Characteristics and features of an O/S, Operating Systems Services: Types of Services, Different ways of providing these Services – Utility Programs, System Calls.
Mostly people ask what is system development life cycle so, you can read the 7 stages of system development life cycle step by step from IPHS Technologies
Gives an overview about Process, PCB, Process States, Process Operations, Scheduling, Schedulers, Interprocess communication, shared memory and message passing systems
In the given presentation, process overview,process management scheduling typesand some more basic concepts were explained.
Kindly refere the presentation.
System Analysis & Designing : Elements of a System [In short]Abir Maheshwari
One of the topic from SAD named 'Elements of a System'. there are 6 keys elements to construct and reconstruct the business. which are described in this topics but in short, more to come stay connected. Thank you.
Introduction to Operating Systems: Function, Evolution, Different Types, Desirable Characteristics and features of an O/S, Operating Systems Services: Types of Services, Different ways of providing these Services – Utility Programs, System Calls.
Mostly people ask what is system development life cycle so, you can read the 7 stages of system development life cycle step by step from IPHS Technologies
Gives an overview about Process, PCB, Process States, Process Operations, Scheduling, Schedulers, Interprocess communication, shared memory and message passing systems
In the given presentation, process overview,process management scheduling typesand some more basic concepts were explained.
Kindly refere the presentation.
System Analysis & Designing : Elements of a System [In short]Abir Maheshwari
One of the topic from SAD named 'Elements of a System'. there are 6 keys elements to construct and reconstruct the business. which are described in this topics but in short, more to come stay connected. Thank you.
All the instructions and examples are laid out in each paragraph. I .docxADDY50
All the instructions and examples are laid out in each paragraph. I NEED THIS BY 04/25
Introduction
Instructions:
Provide identifying information for the existing and/or proposed automated system or situation for which the SDD applies (e.g., the full names and acronyms for the development project, the existing system or situation, and the proposed system or situation, as applicable), and expected evolution of the document.
Also describe any security or privacy considerations associated with use of this document.
The System Design Document (SDD) describes how (1) the functional and nonfunctional requirements recorded in the Requirements Document, (2) the preliminary user-oriented functional design recorded in the High Level Technical Design Concept/Alternatives document, and (3) the preliminary data design documented in the Logical Data Model (LDM) are transformed into more technical system design specifications from which the system will be built. The SDD is used to document both high-level system design and low-level detailed design specifications.
The SDD describes design goals and considerations, provides a high-level overview of the system architecture, and describes the data design associated with the system, as well as the human-machine interface and operational scenarios. The high-level system design is further decomposed into low-level detailed design specifications for each of the system’s components, including hardware, internal communications, software, system integrity controls, and external interfaces. The high-level system design serves as primary input to the Preliminary Design Review (PDR). The low-level detailed design serves as input to the Detailed Design Review (DDR).
Purpose of the System Design Document
Instructions:
Provide the purpose of the
System Design
Document. This document
should be tailored to fit a particular project’s needs.
The System Design document documents and tracks the necessary information required to effectively define architecture and system design in order to give the development team guidance on architecture of the system to be developed. Design documents are incrementally and iteratively produced during the system development life cycle, based on the particular circumstances of the IT project and the system development methodology used for developing the system. Its intended audience is the project manager, project team, and development team. Some portions of this document such as the user interface (UI) may on occasion be shared with the client/user, and other stakeholder whose input/approval into the UI is needed.
Design Considerations
Instructions: Describe issues which need to be addressed or resolved before attempting to devise a complete design solution.
Goals and Guidelines
Instructions: Describe any goals, guidelines, principles, or priorities which dominate or embody the design of the system and its software.
Examples of such goals might
be:
an empha.
Software Engineering- ERD DFD Decision Tree and TableNishu Rastogi
Second half of Unit 2 of BCA 401 as per Invertis University, Syllabus
It includes introduction to ERD, DFD, Decision Tree and Table with examples and exercise.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. Analysis & Design Tools
Decision tree & decision Table
DFD (Data Flow Diagram)
DD ( Data Dictionary)
1) Element of DD
2) Advantages & Disadvantages of DD
Input & Output Design.
Pseudo Code
Case Studies on Above Topic.
3. Decision tree &
decision Table
We know that software analysis and design is the intermediate
stage which helps human-redable requirements to
transformed in to actual code.
1. Decision Tree:-
Introduction:- Decision making is an integral part of any
organization no matter how small, simple or big and complex it
may be.
4. Decision tree is a decision support analysis and design tools
that uses a tree like graph or model of decision and their
possible consequences.
Decision tree shows which condition to consider first, which is
second and so on.
Decision tree also shows the relationship of each condition
and its permissible actions.
Decision sequence starts from the root of the tree that is
usually on the left of the diagram.
Decision Tree can be defined as “ a graphical
representation of specific decision situations in a
structured decision process.
8. Advantages &
Disadvantages of Decision Tree
Advantages
1. Decision tree are simple to
understand and interpret.
2. It helps the analyst to
identify the actual decision
to be made.
3. Decision trees can be
combined with other
decision techniques.
Disadvantages
1. A Large number branches
with many path will
confuse rather than help in
analysis.
2. Large decision trees can be
hard to interpret.
3. Decision tree are uses a
step function that can have
large errors.
9. 2.DT (Decision Table)
Introduction:-
1. Decision table is a graphical method for Explaining the logic
of making decision in tabular format.
2. In DT set of Condition and Actions are available.
Ex. Calculate Discount rates.
11. 1. Condition stub:- will shows the condition that determines
which action will result.
2. Condition Entries:- combination of conditions expressed as
rules.
3. Action Stub:- which contains Possible Actions which can
occur as result of the different condition combinations.
4. Action Entries:- Which contains the action to be taken.
-Right part of a Decision Table shows,
each column is named by a rule number or rule identifier.
14. Advantages &
Disadvantages
of Decision Table (DT)
Advantages
1. Decision Table Can be
changed according to
situation.
2. DT may be easier to
construct than flowchart.
3. It Provides Compact
Representation of making
process.
Disadvantages
1. DT does not show the flow
of logic for the solution to a
given problem.
2. If there are too many
alternatives it is difficult
to list in DT.
3. It may be difficult for
the programmer to
translatedecision table in to prog.
15. 3. DFD (Data Flow
Diagram)
DFD is a graphical representation of the flow of data through a
information system.
DFD represents System Data in a
“Hierarchical Manner” with required levels of details.
For DFD Creation We use various types of symbols are used.
17. Types of DFD
There are two types of DFD both of which supports a top-
down approach to system analysis.
1. Logical DFDs:- Specify the various logical processes
performed on data i.e. type of operations performed.
2. Physical DFDs:- shows how system will be implemented.
work done in manually or computerized.
21. Advantages &
Disadvantages of DFDs
(Data Flow Diagram)
Advantages
1. Simple graphical step &
easy to understand for
technical & non technical
user.2. It is useful for
communicating current
system knowledge to
3. DFD can provide a
detailed representation of
systemcomponents.
Disadvantages
1. DFD undergoes lot of
alteration before going to
users, so makes the process
slow.
2. DFD takes long time to
create.
3. Different DFD models have
different symbols since it is
complicated.
22. DD (Data Dictionary)
Introduction:- DD is an organized collection of relational
information.
DD is centralized repository of information about system
and its elements such as meaning , relationships, origin,
usage and format.
DD Consist of following items
Name, Alias, use , Content description, Additional
information etc.
25. Advantages &
Disadvantagesof
DD (Data Dictionary)
Advantages
1. DD manage the details in
large system and DD
improves Consistency.
2. DD is used to
communicate common
meaning for all system
element.
Disadvantages
1. For large organization a
DD is grows rapidly in
size and complexity.
2. DD is difficult to
maintain manually.
26. Input & output Design
Input Design:-
Input design means “Designing the screen used to enter
the information, as well as any forms on which users write or
type information like time card”.
The goal of input design is to capture accurate
information for the system simply and easily.
The fundamental principles for input design reflect the
nature of the inputs & ways to simplify their collection.
27. The system analyst should work out the following input design
details:-
1. What data is to be input?
2. What medium is to be used?
3. How should the data be arranged or coded?
4. The interface to be provided to the users for providing input.
5. Entities & transactions requiring validation to detect errors.
6. Ways to perform input validation & measures to take in case
error occurs.
